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Addenda
Addenda T h e following addenda to the article "Earth-Integrated Education Center in the Israeli Desert" (TgzUST 2:1) were received too late to be included in the original article• (1) T h e authors are: Arie and Saline Rahamimoff, with Aaron Silberstein, architects with the firm of Yemin-Moshe, Israel; David Faiman and Amos Zemel, of the Applied Solar Calculations Unit, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben G u r i o n University, Israel; and David Govaer, of the Center for Energy Research, Ball State University, Indiana, U.S.A. (2) Graphs 1 and 2 provide preliminary performance data for the building. G r a p h 1 shows the measured interior temperatures (solid line), together with the corresponding ambient temperatures (broken line) for the westernmost classroom during the first week of February 1986. At the time these measurements were taken the building, although complete, was not yet operational and, therefore, there were no occupants to I1
(%) '
12
12
12
12
contribute to the heating load. Nevertheless, it can be seen that a comfortable 19°C was maintained in the building interior even while the exterior temperatures exhibited large diurnal fluctuations around a mean of approximately 12°C. G r a p h 2 shows the corresponding temperatures during the first week of July 1986. During this period the b u i l d i n g was already in use, with groups of students and teachers occupying its rooms at various times of the day. It can be seen that the interior diurnal temperature fluctuations are much larger than those observed during winter operation, mainly because of the forced nocturnal ventilation used to cool the building. It should be noted, however, that during the afternoon h o u r s when interior temperatures reach their m a x i m u m values, the relative h u m i d i t y typically is approximately 40%. This phenomenon, together with the interior air motion produced by circulation fans, creates interior conditions that were judged by the occupants to be "comfortable."
12
12
0
12
0
12
0
12
O
12
0
IZ
(%)
20
!
IS
~/
!i
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/"
/
IO
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5
I
I
x
Amblent
%/
]S
Ambient
Interior 12 1•2,86
0
12 2.2.86
0
12 3.2.86
FIRST
0
t2
0
~•2.86
I~ASURED FEBRUARy
t2 5.2•86
0
Interior 12 6.2.86
t~UR DAY
RESULTS 1986
Graph 1. Measured interior and ambient temperatures for the earth-integrated education shelter in the Israeli Desert (February 1986).
Volume 2, Number 2, 1987
................
0
I •7.86
12
2.7•86
0
12
0
3•7.8s
F~RST
4.7.86
H~ASURED JULY
~2
0
12
5•7.88
0
12 6 • 7 • 86
IOHou~ DAY
RESULTS
1986
Graph 2. Measured interior and ambient temperatures/or the earth-integrated education shelter in the Israeli Desert (July 1986).
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUNDSPACE TECHNOLOGY 125
(%) '
12
12
12
12
contribute to the heating load. Nevertheless, it can be seen that a comfortable 19°C was maintained in the building interior even while the exterior temperatures exhibited large diurnal fluctuations around a mean of approximately 12°C. G r a p h 2 shows the corresponding temperatures during the first week of July 1986. During this period the b u i l d i n g was already in use, with groups of students and teachers occupying its rooms at various times of the day. It can be seen that the interior diurnal temperature fluctuations are much larger than those observed during winter operation, mainly because of the forced nocturnal ventilation used to cool the building. It should be noted, however, that during the afternoon h o u r s when interior temperatures reach their m a x i m u m values, the relative h u m i d i t y typically is approximately 40%. This phenomenon, together with the interior air motion produced by circulation fans, creates interior conditions that were judged by the occupants to be "comfortable."
12
12
0
12
0
12
0
12
O
12
0
IZ
(%)
20
!
IS
~/
!i
"l
/"
/
IO
".../
5
I
I
x
Amblent
%/
]S
Ambient
Interior 12 1•2,86
0
12 2.2.86
0
12 3.2.86
FIRST
0
t2
0
~•2.86
I~ASURED FEBRUARy
t2 5.2•86
0
Interior 12 6.2.86
t~UR DAY
RESULTS 1986
Graph 1. Measured interior and ambient temperatures for the earth-integrated education shelter in the Israeli Desert (February 1986).
Volume 2, Number 2, 1987
................
0
I •7.86
12
2.7•86
0
12
0
3•7.8s
F~RST
4.7.86
H~ASURED JULY
~2
0
12
5•7.88
0
12 6 • 7 • 86
IOHou~ DAY
RESULTS
1986
Graph 2. Measured interior and ambient temperatures/or the earth-integrated education shelter in the Israeli Desert (July 1986).
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUNDSPACE TECHNOLOGY 125