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Antibacterial activity of Pterocarpus indicus
Fitoterapia 74 (2003) 603–605
Short report
Antibacterial activity of Pterocarpus indicus M.R. Khan*, A.D. Omoloso Department of Applied Sciences, Papua New Guinea University of Technology, P.M.B., Lae, Papua New Guinea Received 27 September 2002; accepted 20 May 2003
Abstract The leaves, root and stem barks of Pterocarpus indicus were successively partitioned with petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol and methanol. All the fractions exhibited a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity. The activity was more pronounced in the butanol and methanol fractions. None were active against the moulds. 䊚 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Pterocarpus indicus; Antibacterial activity
Plant. Pterocarpus indicus Wild. (Leguminosae), leaves, stem and root barks collected in December 2001, from Lae, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea (PNG). The plant was identified at the Forestry Department, PNG University of Technology, Lae, where a voucher specimen is deposited.
Uses in traditional medicine. Used as antimalarial, antidysenteric, antidiarrheal, astringent, purgative, mouthwash to treat thrush, diuresis, for sore throat, sores and minor wounds w1x Previously isolated classes of constituents. Tannins, pyrocatechins w1x. *Corresponding author. Tel.: q675-473-4550; fax: q675-475-4558. E-mail address: [email protected] (M.R. Khan). 0367-326X/03/$ - see front matter 䊚 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/S0367-326X(03)00149-7
604
M.R. Khan, A.D. Omoloso / Fitoterapia 74 (2003) 603–605
Tested material. The dried plant material (leaves, stem and root barks) were successively fractionated with petrol (P) (60–80 8C), CH2Cl2 (D), EtOAc (E), butanol (B) and methanol (M). Yields (%) and positive tests on phytochemical screening w2x—leaves: P (0.73; sterols, triterpenoids), D (0.48; flavonoids, sterols, tannins, triterpenoids), E (0.46; flavonoids, sterols, tannins, triterpenoids), B (0.58; flavonoids, saponins, sterols, tannins, triterpenoids), M (6.42; flavonoids, saponins, sterols, tannins, triterpenoids); stem bark: P (0.42; sterols, triterpenoids), D (0.68; flavonoids, sterols, tannins, triterpenoids), E (0.32; flavonoids, sterols, tannins, triterpenoids) B (0.30; flavonoids, saponins, sterols, tannins, triterpenoids), M (6.20; flavonoids, saponins, sterols, tannins, triterpenoids); root bark: P (0.36; sterols, triterpenoids), D (0.75; flavonoids, sterols, tannins, triterpenoids), E (0.26; flavonoids, saponins, tannins), B (0.42; flavonoids, tannins), M (2.5; flavonoids, saponins, sterols, tannins, triterpenoids). Table 1 Antimicrobial activity of extractives from P. indicusa Microorganisms
Bacillus cereus B. coagulans B. megaterium B. subtilis Lactobacillus casei Micrococcus luteus M. roseus Staphylococcus albus S. aureus S. epidermidis Streptococcus faecalis St. pneumoniae Agrobacterium tumefaciens Citrobacter freundii Enterobacter aerogenes Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumonia Neisseria gonorrhoeae Proteus mirabilis P. vulgaris Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella typhi Sa. typhymurium Serratia marcescens Trichomonas vaginalis a
Leaves
Gq Gq Gq Gq Gq Gq Gq Gq Gq Gq Gq Gq Gy Gy Gy Gy Gy Gy Gy Gy Gy Gy Gy Gy Pz
Stem bark
Refb
Root bark
P
D
E
B
M P
D
E B
M P
D
E B
M Chl
12 10 12 10 12 10 10 12 12 12 12 10 10 12 12 10 12 10 10 12 12 10 10 10 12
12 14 14 16 14 16 14 16 14 16 16 14 16 14 14 16 14 14 14 14 14 16 16 14 14
14 14 14 16 14 16 14 16 14 16 14 14 16 14 14 16 16 14 14 14 14 16 14 14 16
18 16 16 16 18 16 18 18 16 18 16 16 18 18 18 16 16 18 16 18 18 18 16 16 18
16 16 18 16 16 16 18 16 18 16 18 16 16 16 18 16 18 18 16 18 18 16 16 16 18
12 10 10 12 10 10 10 12 12 10 10 12 10 12 12 10 10 10 10 12 12 10 10 10 12
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
18 18 16 18 18 16 18 18 16 18 18 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 16 18 16 18 18
8 10 10 8 8 10 10 8 8 10 8 10 10 8 8 10 8 10 10 8 8 10 8 10 12
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
18 16 16 16 18 18 18 18 16 18 18 18 18 16 18 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 16 18 18
10 12 12 10 12 12 10 10 12 12 10 12 12 12 10 12 12 10 12 12 12 10 10 10 12
16 18 16 16 18 16 16 18 16 16 16 16 18 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 16 18 16 18 18
16 14 14 16 16 16 16 16 14 16 16 14 16 14 14 16 14 14 16 14 14 16 14 14 16
16 16 18 16 18 16 18 16 16 18 18 18 16 16 18 16 18 18 16 18 18 16 16 16 18
16 18 16 16 18 16 6 16 18 0 0 18 12 16 18 18 0 18 16 18 24 16 16 0 16
Values are inhibition zone (mm) and an average of triplicate. P: petrol (60–80 8C) fraction; D: CH2Cl2 fraction; E: EtOAc; B: butanol fraction; M: methanol fraction (conc. 4 mgydisc); G: gram reaction of bacterium; Pz: protozoa. b Chl, chloramphenicol (10 mg disc Oxoid B42960).
M.R. Khan, A.D. Omoloso / Fitoterapia 74 (2003) 603–605
605
Studied activity. Antimicrobial activity by disk diffusion method w3,4x. Used microorganisms. Bacteria, protozoan (listed in Table 1) and fungi (Aspergillus niger, A. rubrum, A. versicolor, A. vitis, Candida albican, C. tropicalis, Cladosporium cladosporiods, Trychophyton mentagrophytes, T. tronsurum) obtained from the stock cultures of the Microbiology Laboratory of the Department of Applied Sciences in Lae.
Results. Reported in Table 1. Using 20 mgydisc of the fraction; no activity was exhibited against the moulds.
Conclusions. All the fractions demonstrated a wide spectrum of activity against the tested bacteria and protozoan. In all parts the polar fractions (B and M) and the petrol fraction of the root bark were particularly active. Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to Mr J. Simaga of the Forestry Department, for the identification of the plant and Mr S. Uhero for technical assistance. References w1x Perry LM. Medicinal plants of East and Southeast Asia: attributed properties and uses. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London: The MIT Press, 1980. p. 224. w2x Harborne JB. Phytochemical methods. 2nd ed. London–New York: Chapman and Hall, 1984. w3x Cruickshank R. 11th ed. Medical microbiology: a guide to diagnosis and control of infection. Edinburgh and London: E. & S. Livingston Ltd, 1968. p. 888. w4x Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sherries JC, Truck M. Am J Clin Pathol 1966;45:493.
Short report
Antibacterial activity of Pterocarpus indicus M.R. Khan*, A.D. Omoloso Department of Applied Sciences, Papua New Guinea University of Technology, P.M.B., Lae, Papua New Guinea Received 27 September 2002; accepted 20 May 2003
Abstract The leaves, root and stem barks of Pterocarpus indicus were successively partitioned with petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol and methanol. All the fractions exhibited a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity. The activity was more pronounced in the butanol and methanol fractions. None were active against the moulds. 䊚 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Pterocarpus indicus; Antibacterial activity
Plant. Pterocarpus indicus Wild. (Leguminosae), leaves, stem and root barks collected in December 2001, from Lae, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea (PNG). The plant was identified at the Forestry Department, PNG University of Technology, Lae, where a voucher specimen is deposited.
Uses in traditional medicine. Used as antimalarial, antidysenteric, antidiarrheal, astringent, purgative, mouthwash to treat thrush, diuresis, for sore throat, sores and minor wounds w1x Previously isolated classes of constituents. Tannins, pyrocatechins w1x. *Corresponding author. Tel.: q675-473-4550; fax: q675-475-4558. E-mail address: [email protected] (M.R. Khan). 0367-326X/03/$ - see front matter 䊚 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/S0367-326X(03)00149-7
604
M.R. Khan, A.D. Omoloso / Fitoterapia 74 (2003) 603–605
Tested material. The dried plant material (leaves, stem and root barks) were successively fractionated with petrol (P) (60–80 8C), CH2Cl2 (D), EtOAc (E), butanol (B) and methanol (M). Yields (%) and positive tests on phytochemical screening w2x—leaves: P (0.73; sterols, triterpenoids), D (0.48; flavonoids, sterols, tannins, triterpenoids), E (0.46; flavonoids, sterols, tannins, triterpenoids), B (0.58; flavonoids, saponins, sterols, tannins, triterpenoids), M (6.42; flavonoids, saponins, sterols, tannins, triterpenoids); stem bark: P (0.42; sterols, triterpenoids), D (0.68; flavonoids, sterols, tannins, triterpenoids), E (0.32; flavonoids, sterols, tannins, triterpenoids) B (0.30; flavonoids, saponins, sterols, tannins, triterpenoids), M (6.20; flavonoids, saponins, sterols, tannins, triterpenoids); root bark: P (0.36; sterols, triterpenoids), D (0.75; flavonoids, sterols, tannins, triterpenoids), E (0.26; flavonoids, saponins, tannins), B (0.42; flavonoids, tannins), M (2.5; flavonoids, saponins, sterols, tannins, triterpenoids). Table 1 Antimicrobial activity of extractives from P. indicusa Microorganisms
Bacillus cereus B. coagulans B. megaterium B. subtilis Lactobacillus casei Micrococcus luteus M. roseus Staphylococcus albus S. aureus S. epidermidis Streptococcus faecalis St. pneumoniae Agrobacterium tumefaciens Citrobacter freundii Enterobacter aerogenes Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumonia Neisseria gonorrhoeae Proteus mirabilis P. vulgaris Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella typhi Sa. typhymurium Serratia marcescens Trichomonas vaginalis a
Leaves
Gq Gq Gq Gq Gq Gq Gq Gq Gq Gq Gq Gq Gy Gy Gy Gy Gy Gy Gy Gy Gy Gy Gy Gy Pz
Stem bark
Refb
Root bark
P
D
E
B
M P
D
E B
M P
D
E B
M Chl
12 10 12 10 12 10 10 12 12 12 12 10 10 12 12 10 12 10 10 12 12 10 10 10 12
12 14 14 16 14 16 14 16 14 16 16 14 16 14 14 16 14 14 14 14 14 16 16 14 14
14 14 14 16 14 16 14 16 14 16 14 14 16 14 14 16 16 14 14 14 14 16 14 14 16
18 16 16 16 18 16 18 18 16 18 16 16 18 18 18 16 16 18 16 18 18 18 16 16 18
16 16 18 16 16 16 18 16 18 16 18 16 16 16 18 16 18 18 16 18 18 16 16 16 18
12 10 10 12 10 10 10 12 12 10 10 12 10 12 12 10 10 10 10 12 12 10 10 10 12
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
18 18 16 18 18 16 18 18 16 18 18 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 16 18 16 18 18
8 10 10 8 8 10 10 8 8 10 8 10 10 8 8 10 8 10 10 8 8 10 8 10 12
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
18 16 16 16 18 18 18 18 16 18 18 18 18 16 18 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 16 18 18
10 12 12 10 12 12 10 10 12 12 10 12 12 12 10 12 12 10 12 12 12 10 10 10 12
16 18 16 16 18 16 16 18 16 16 16 16 18 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 16 18 16 18 18
16 14 14 16 16 16 16 16 14 16 16 14 16 14 14 16 14 14 16 14 14 16 14 14 16
16 16 18 16 18 16 18 16 16 18 18 18 16 16 18 16 18 18 16 18 18 16 16 16 18
16 18 16 16 18 16 6 16 18 0 0 18 12 16 18 18 0 18 16 18 24 16 16 0 16
Values are inhibition zone (mm) and an average of triplicate. P: petrol (60–80 8C) fraction; D: CH2Cl2 fraction; E: EtOAc; B: butanol fraction; M: methanol fraction (conc. 4 mgydisc); G: gram reaction of bacterium; Pz: protozoa. b Chl, chloramphenicol (10 mg disc Oxoid B42960).
M.R. Khan, A.D. Omoloso / Fitoterapia 74 (2003) 603–605
605
Studied activity. Antimicrobial activity by disk diffusion method w3,4x. Used microorganisms. Bacteria, protozoan (listed in Table 1) and fungi (Aspergillus niger, A. rubrum, A. versicolor, A. vitis, Candida albican, C. tropicalis, Cladosporium cladosporiods, Trychophyton mentagrophytes, T. tronsurum) obtained from the stock cultures of the Microbiology Laboratory of the Department of Applied Sciences in Lae.
Results. Reported in Table 1. Using 20 mgydisc of the fraction; no activity was exhibited against the moulds.
Conclusions. All the fractions demonstrated a wide spectrum of activity against the tested bacteria and protozoan. In all parts the polar fractions (B and M) and the petrol fraction of the root bark were particularly active. Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to Mr J. Simaga of the Forestry Department, for the identification of the plant and Mr S. Uhero for technical assistance. References w1x Perry LM. Medicinal plants of East and Southeast Asia: attributed properties and uses. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London: The MIT Press, 1980. p. 224. w2x Harborne JB. Phytochemical methods. 2nd ed. London–New York: Chapman and Hall, 1984. w3x Cruickshank R. 11th ed. Medical microbiology: a guide to diagnosis and control of infection. Edinburgh and London: E. & S. Livingston Ltd, 1968. p. 888. w4x Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sherries JC, Truck M. Am J Clin Pathol 1966;45:493.