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Aseismic design of large caverns
192A on the periphery of the planned cavern. During the excavation of this pilot tunnel the final supports are placed in position, and the increase of the secondary tension is slowly introduced before the removal of the core. The pilot tunnel also serves as a supply tunnel for the core excavation. To break away the walls of a large cavern smoothly, the use of a rotary slit-cutter is suggested.
Groundwater problems 845251 Hydrological testing for deep shafts and tunnels Daw, G P; Scott, R A lnt Assoc Engng Geoi Bull N26-27, Dec 1982-June 1983, P391-395 (Paper to the International Symposium on Soil and Rock Investigations by In Situ Testing, Paris, 18-20 May 1983) The drill stem test is described and examples of its use are given. It is used to detect aquifers in ground being mined and the information is often supplemented by local probe holes ahead of the shaft sump or tunnel face. A series of pressure recovery tests were performed alongside drill stem tests at various sites. The results from both sets of tests gave comparable transmissivities. For large fissures, the pressure recovery test may predict shaft inflows less than the true potential.
Influence o f d y n a m i c l o a d s due to e x p l o s i o n s or earthquakes See also: 845171 845252 Aseismic design of large caverns Fujita, K; Haga, Y; Ueda, K; Nakazono, K; Yoichi, H In: Rock Mechanics: Caverns and Pressure Shafts (papers to the I S R M Symposium, Aachen, 26-28 May 1982) VI, P267274. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1982 Presents a method to provide a rough estimate of the stability of caverns against earthquakes for caverns built parallel to each other.
845253 Some dynamic behaviors of cavern walls during earthquakes Ichikawa, Y; Shimizu, H; Kawanobe, M In: Rock Mechanics: Caverns and Pressure Shafts (papers to the I S R M Symposium, Aachen, 26-28 May 1982) VI, P307320. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1982 Seismological observations and dynamic analyses have been used to study the behaviour of caverns during earthquakes. The seismological observations were made at 3 underground hydroelectric power plants.
845254 Analytical contribution to tunnel behaviour caused by blasting Hisatake, M; Sakurai, S; Ito, T; Kobayashi, Y Proc 5th Congress of the International Society for Rock Mechanics, Melbourne, 10-15 April 1983 II2, PEI91-E194. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1983 An analytical approach to predicting the dynamic behaviour of an existing tunnel due to adjacent blasting is proposed. The finite element method is used, and the detonation velocity, weight of charge and three-dimensional blasting effects are taken into account. Results show good agreement with field measurements.
Surface Structures See also." 845362 845255 Foyle Bridge: design and tender in a design and build competition Wex, B P; Gillespie, N M; Kinsella, J lnst Civ Engr Proc V76, May 1984, P363-386 The Foyle Bridge, spanning the River Foyle, Londonderry, UK, is founded on highly folded schist or phyllite with well defined cleavage. In some areas circulating groundwater has caused decomposition accentuated by shearing and mylonization. Over most of the site bedrock is at or near the surface and the foundations are on spread footings, the base being cast directly against the rock in all cases. Where the bedrock dips sharply the east abutment was designed on granular fill with provision for monitoring settlement. The two main piers were constructed within rockfill cofferdams which were later adapted to form permanent protection for the piers.
845256 New Redheugh Bridge Lord, J E D; Gill, J M; Murray, J Inst Civ Engr Proc I,'76, May 1984, P497-521 The third Redheugh Bridge, linking Newcastle upon Tyne with Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, UK, is a single prestressed concrete box to be built in cantilever. The main pier foundations are 1 lm diameter cylindrical pneumatic caissons sunk into the coal measures. The northern approach viaduct has two types of piled foundation, 'barettes' (single grab lengths of diaphragm wall) and precast concrete piles, driven to a sand bed.
845257 Hybrid FE procedure for soil-structure interaction Desai, C S; Sargand, S J Geotech Engng Div ASCE Vl10, NGT4, April 1984, P473486 A stress hybrid finite element procedure is developed for nonlinear, elastic and elastic-plastic analysis of soil-structure interaction including simulation of construction sequences. The procedure is compared with a number of closed-form solutions and field problems, and provides satisfactory and improved evaluation of stresses and deformations as compared to the displacement procedure. Auth.
845258 Major development on an undermined site in a central city area Stacey, T R; Kirsten, H A D; Wild, B L Proc 5th Congress of the International Society for Rock Mechanics, Melbourne, 10-15 April 1983 V2, PE101-E105. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1983 As a result of the extensive mining of gold reefs through to surface in the Johannesburg urban area, severe restrictions have been placed on building development over undermined land. The investigation of an undermined site and the subsequent consideration of stability and design of remedial stabilizing measures are described. These formed the basis of a sound technical motivation for the relaxation of building restrictions, which has permitted the construction of a major development across the mined out reef outcrops. Auth.
Groundwater problems 845251 Hydrological testing for deep shafts and tunnels Daw, G P; Scott, R A lnt Assoc Engng Geoi Bull N26-27, Dec 1982-June 1983, P391-395 (Paper to the International Symposium on Soil and Rock Investigations by In Situ Testing, Paris, 18-20 May 1983) The drill stem test is described and examples of its use are given. It is used to detect aquifers in ground being mined and the information is often supplemented by local probe holes ahead of the shaft sump or tunnel face. A series of pressure recovery tests were performed alongside drill stem tests at various sites. The results from both sets of tests gave comparable transmissivities. For large fissures, the pressure recovery test may predict shaft inflows less than the true potential.
Influence o f d y n a m i c l o a d s due to e x p l o s i o n s or earthquakes See also: 845171 845252 Aseismic design of large caverns Fujita, K; Haga, Y; Ueda, K; Nakazono, K; Yoichi, H In: Rock Mechanics: Caverns and Pressure Shafts (papers to the I S R M Symposium, Aachen, 26-28 May 1982) VI, P267274. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1982 Presents a method to provide a rough estimate of the stability of caverns against earthquakes for caverns built parallel to each other.
845253 Some dynamic behaviors of cavern walls during earthquakes Ichikawa, Y; Shimizu, H; Kawanobe, M In: Rock Mechanics: Caverns and Pressure Shafts (papers to the I S R M Symposium, Aachen, 26-28 May 1982) VI, P307320. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1982 Seismological observations and dynamic analyses have been used to study the behaviour of caverns during earthquakes. The seismological observations were made at 3 underground hydroelectric power plants.
845254 Analytical contribution to tunnel behaviour caused by blasting Hisatake, M; Sakurai, S; Ito, T; Kobayashi, Y Proc 5th Congress of the International Society for Rock Mechanics, Melbourne, 10-15 April 1983 II2, PEI91-E194. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1983 An analytical approach to predicting the dynamic behaviour of an existing tunnel due to adjacent blasting is proposed. The finite element method is used, and the detonation velocity, weight of charge and three-dimensional blasting effects are taken into account. Results show good agreement with field measurements.
Surface Structures See also." 845362 845255 Foyle Bridge: design and tender in a design and build competition Wex, B P; Gillespie, N M; Kinsella, J lnst Civ Engr Proc V76, May 1984, P363-386 The Foyle Bridge, spanning the River Foyle, Londonderry, UK, is founded on highly folded schist or phyllite with well defined cleavage. In some areas circulating groundwater has caused decomposition accentuated by shearing and mylonization. Over most of the site bedrock is at or near the surface and the foundations are on spread footings, the base being cast directly against the rock in all cases. Where the bedrock dips sharply the east abutment was designed on granular fill with provision for monitoring settlement. The two main piers were constructed within rockfill cofferdams which were later adapted to form permanent protection for the piers.
845256 New Redheugh Bridge Lord, J E D; Gill, J M; Murray, J Inst Civ Engr Proc I,'76, May 1984, P497-521 The third Redheugh Bridge, linking Newcastle upon Tyne with Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, UK, is a single prestressed concrete box to be built in cantilever. The main pier foundations are 1 lm diameter cylindrical pneumatic caissons sunk into the coal measures. The northern approach viaduct has two types of piled foundation, 'barettes' (single grab lengths of diaphragm wall) and precast concrete piles, driven to a sand bed.
845257 Hybrid FE procedure for soil-structure interaction Desai, C S; Sargand, S J Geotech Engng Div ASCE Vl10, NGT4, April 1984, P473486 A stress hybrid finite element procedure is developed for nonlinear, elastic and elastic-plastic analysis of soil-structure interaction including simulation of construction sequences. The procedure is compared with a number of closed-form solutions and field problems, and provides satisfactory and improved evaluation of stresses and deformations as compared to the displacement procedure. Auth.
845258 Major development on an undermined site in a central city area Stacey, T R; Kirsten, H A D; Wild, B L Proc 5th Congress of the International Society for Rock Mechanics, Melbourne, 10-15 April 1983 V2, PE101-E105. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1983 As a result of the extensive mining of gold reefs through to surface in the Johannesburg urban area, severe restrictions have been placed on building development over undermined land. The investigation of an undermined site and the subsequent consideration of stability and design of remedial stabilizing measures are described. These formed the basis of a sound technical motivation for the relaxation of building restrictions, which has permitted the construction of a major development across the mined out reef outcrops. Auth.