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Automobile engine lubrication
BOOK R E V I E W S Automobile engine lubrication
Design procedures for hydrostatic bearings
A. Schilling Scientific Publications (GB) Ltd (1972) 480pp, £10
14/. B. Rowe and J. P. O'Donoghue The Machinery Publishing Co Ltd (1971) 64pp, £1-15
Though it might be thought that lubrication of the automobile engine is now a fully developed technology, it is in fact a field of continuous change and improvement. The engine manufacturers, the users (particularly the military users) and the lubricant producers interact in such a way that new performance targets, new test methods and new approaches to lubricant formulation are continually being developed. In such a situation a book with the scope of Automobile engine lubrication is of considerable value to all three interested parties. The book is a complete revision, in English, ofLes huiles pour moteurs et le graissage des moteurs, Volume H published in 1962. It is companion to Motor oils and engine lubrication, Volume I published in 1968 by Scientific Publications. The author has continued his self-imposed task of unravelling the tangle of motor oil classifications and specifications, and a most valuable appendix brings these right up to date. A further, brief, appendix discusses effects of lead-free gasoline on engine deposits and wear. The main body of the book, which contains 480 pages, as many illustrations and 600 literature references, is divided into ten chapters. Following a general description of automobile engine lubrication systems there is an entire chapter on the all important subject of engine operating temperatures which brings together much of the recent work in this field. This precedes a discussion of engine bearings types, materials, lubrication regimes, failures, the influence of of geometry and oil supply holes - and a very simplified analysis of operating factors controlling the safe use of journal bearings. Oil consumption receives detailed treatment and includes full discussion of that controversial issue - the influence of lubricating oil, and particularly v.i. improvers, on oil consumption. A chapter (71 pages) on deposits gives a full account of their formation at various temperatures including reference to the impact of pollution control devices and speculation as to the future. Engine wear is also covered exhaustively, all the way from consideration of atomic processes in solid friction (after Kragelski) to recent applied research findings concerning the wear of cams, tappets, rings and liners. Engine starting problems, both hot and cold, receive attention including a summarized account of the US work leading to the development of the cold cranking simulator. Finally, there are chapter s on 2-stroke engine lubrication and on control of lubrication maintenance, the latter including a useful appraisal of the various methods for examining the condition of used engine oils. This book, together with its predecessor, forms an authoritative work of reference for all those engaged in lubricating automobile engines. It is most readable, occasionally controversial and is excellently translated. The price will unfortunately discourage private ownership so that a book which deserves to be on the office or study bookshelf will tend to be confined to the reference section of technical libraries.
The authors are widely known and respected for their work on hydrostatic bearings. In recent years they have published a considerable amount of design information pertaining to such bearings, helping to fall what was a gap in bearing design technology. This book represents a collection of a number of previously published design procedures. In giving design information on hydrostatic bearings, Drs Rowe and O'Donoghue have consistently aimed at a presentation which would enable the non-specialist to follow a step-by-step design procedure and obtain an adequate bearing. This philosophy is maintained in the book. As such, designers in all walks of industry will find the book particularly useful. In addition, it could Kmd use in advanced education although it is not a text book in the normal sense. The major forms of hydrostatic bearings are covered, namely;journal, various forms of single and multi-recess thrust, opposed-pad and combined journal and thrust arrangements including conical, spherical and the Yates type bearing. Although the basic relationships, some principles and brief explanatory notes are touched upon, the main aim has been to present design procedures and information. In this aim the book is commendably successful. An example of the design of each bearing type is given and this adds to the usefulness of the book. A soft cover and the page size do lend themselves to the nature of the book, that is a design manual to be used and not a hard backed text book to be kept and left on a shelf. The presentation and diagrammatic work are pleasing. No small amount of design information is presented and the book will be of full value to those who will make consistent use of it. It should be reiterated, however, that the information has been presented before in various publications.
W. C. Pike
C. M. Taylor
Documentation, wear, friction and lubrication, Vol 8 K. Kirschke (Editor) Bu ndesanstalt f~ir MaterialprOfung(1971) 1259 pp, S 21
This massive publication updates the previous 7 volumes by listing references to recent work and to older work not covered by the previous volumes. The aim of the Documentation is to give a comprehensive bibliography to references in the field of tribology. It covers most information sources except patents. The material is presented under ten main subject divisions which are subdivided to aid searching. Several of the section headings have had title changes since the last issue. to agree with the OECD terms. Unlike previous volumes this one has English translations to all non-English titles. This must be the most comprehensive bibliographical source in the field of tribology.
Design procedures for hydrostatic bearings
A. Schilling Scientific Publications (GB) Ltd (1972) 480pp, £10
14/. B. Rowe and J. P. O'Donoghue The Machinery Publishing Co Ltd (1971) 64pp, £1-15
Though it might be thought that lubrication of the automobile engine is now a fully developed technology, it is in fact a field of continuous change and improvement. The engine manufacturers, the users (particularly the military users) and the lubricant producers interact in such a way that new performance targets, new test methods and new approaches to lubricant formulation are continually being developed. In such a situation a book with the scope of Automobile engine lubrication is of considerable value to all three interested parties. The book is a complete revision, in English, ofLes huiles pour moteurs et le graissage des moteurs, Volume H published in 1962. It is companion to Motor oils and engine lubrication, Volume I published in 1968 by Scientific Publications. The author has continued his self-imposed task of unravelling the tangle of motor oil classifications and specifications, and a most valuable appendix brings these right up to date. A further, brief, appendix discusses effects of lead-free gasoline on engine deposits and wear. The main body of the book, which contains 480 pages, as many illustrations and 600 literature references, is divided into ten chapters. Following a general description of automobile engine lubrication systems there is an entire chapter on the all important subject of engine operating temperatures which brings together much of the recent work in this field. This precedes a discussion of engine bearings types, materials, lubrication regimes, failures, the influence of of geometry and oil supply holes - and a very simplified analysis of operating factors controlling the safe use of journal bearings. Oil consumption receives detailed treatment and includes full discussion of that controversial issue - the influence of lubricating oil, and particularly v.i. improvers, on oil consumption. A chapter (71 pages) on deposits gives a full account of their formation at various temperatures including reference to the impact of pollution control devices and speculation as to the future. Engine wear is also covered exhaustively, all the way from consideration of atomic processes in solid friction (after Kragelski) to recent applied research findings concerning the wear of cams, tappets, rings and liners. Engine starting problems, both hot and cold, receive attention including a summarized account of the US work leading to the development of the cold cranking simulator. Finally, there are chapter s on 2-stroke engine lubrication and on control of lubrication maintenance, the latter including a useful appraisal of the various methods for examining the condition of used engine oils. This book, together with its predecessor, forms an authoritative work of reference for all those engaged in lubricating automobile engines. It is most readable, occasionally controversial and is excellently translated. The price will unfortunately discourage private ownership so that a book which deserves to be on the office or study bookshelf will tend to be confined to the reference section of technical libraries.
The authors are widely known and respected for their work on hydrostatic bearings. In recent years they have published a considerable amount of design information pertaining to such bearings, helping to fall what was a gap in bearing design technology. This book represents a collection of a number of previously published design procedures. In giving design information on hydrostatic bearings, Drs Rowe and O'Donoghue have consistently aimed at a presentation which would enable the non-specialist to follow a step-by-step design procedure and obtain an adequate bearing. This philosophy is maintained in the book. As such, designers in all walks of industry will find the book particularly useful. In addition, it could Kmd use in advanced education although it is not a text book in the normal sense. The major forms of hydrostatic bearings are covered, namely;journal, various forms of single and multi-recess thrust, opposed-pad and combined journal and thrust arrangements including conical, spherical and the Yates type bearing. Although the basic relationships, some principles and brief explanatory notes are touched upon, the main aim has been to present design procedures and information. In this aim the book is commendably successful. An example of the design of each bearing type is given and this adds to the usefulness of the book. A soft cover and the page size do lend themselves to the nature of the book, that is a design manual to be used and not a hard backed text book to be kept and left on a shelf. The presentation and diagrammatic work are pleasing. No small amount of design information is presented and the book will be of full value to those who will make consistent use of it. It should be reiterated, however, that the information has been presented before in various publications.
W. C. Pike
C. M. Taylor
Documentation, wear, friction and lubrication, Vol 8 K. Kirschke (Editor) Bu ndesanstalt f~ir MaterialprOfung(1971) 1259 pp, S 21
This massive publication updates the previous 7 volumes by listing references to recent work and to older work not covered by the previous volumes. The aim of the Documentation is to give a comprehensive bibliography to references in the field of tribology. It covers most information sources except patents. The material is presented under ten main subject divisions which are subdivided to aid searching. Several of the section headings have had title changes since the last issue. to agree with the OECD terms. Unlike previous volumes this one has English translations to all non-English titles. This must be the most comprehensive bibliographical source in the field of tribology.