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Carotenoproteides. 3. Extraction du pigment bleu de le carapace du homard Homarus gammarus (L.)
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Oceanographic Abstracts
and copepodite length. All stages were concentrated in the upper waters; the copepodites underwent a gradual seasonal descent. The salinity gradient produced a distinct spatial separation o f Pseudocalanus from the other autochthonous caianoids, Aeartia clausi and Eurytemora hirundoides. CECCALDI HUBERT J. et BERNARD H. ALLEMAND, 1964. Carotenoproteides. 3. Extraction du pigment bleu de le carapace du homard Homarus gammarus (L.). Rec. Tray. Sta. Mar., Endourae, 51 (35): 3-7. Ammonium sulphate solutions extract the carotenoproteid o f a lobster shell, as well as other proteins. The best molarity for a maximum extraction is 0,6 M. The most efficient method to extract carotenoproteids included in the pigmented zone of a crustacean shell is to grind the shell in a small volume of ammonium sulphate solution. At least three blue-carotenoproteids seem to exist in the lobster shell. CECCALDI HUBERT J. et BRI(]ITT~ BERLAND, 1964. Contribution/i l'rtude de dosages quantitatifs du plancton. 2. Lyophilisation ou filtration sur fibres " m i l l i p o r e " comparaison de la solubilit6 des pigments photosynthetiques de la diatomre Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bohlin) par quelques solvants organiques ~t diverses concentrations. Rec. Trap. Sta. Mar., Endoume, 51 (35): 17-42. Aprrs essais comparrs sur des Diatomres (Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bohlin)) filtrres et lyophilisres, il apparait que : (1 °) Le meilleur solvant parmi ceux utilisrs (acrtone, mrthanol, 6thanol, pyridine) est le m r t h a n o l / t 100~o dans les deux cas. (2 °) La durre d'extraction avec ce solvant, est de 30 minutes pour les diatomres filtrres et de 5 minutes pour les diatomres lyophilisres. (3 °) La dessication des filtres avant l'extraction semble diminuer la quantit6 de pigments passant en solution dans le mrthanol et l'acrtone. (4 °) Dans tousles 6chantillons traitrs, les diatomres lyophilisres donnent des solutions de pigments dont les densitrs optiques sont suprrieures/t celles obtenues, par le traitement, dans des conditions analogues, des diatomres ffitrres. CrtALVaAMV. D. and FRANCESCATmVY, 1964. On the occurrence of some Sargassum species in Gujarat. Phykos. J. Phycolog. Soc., (India), 3 (1/2): 19-25. Sargassum vulgate C. Ag., Sargassum swartzii (Turner) C. Ag., and Sargassum cincture J. Ag., were reported from Gujarat (India). The first was collected by Koenig, and the other two by Wight, in the 18th and 19th centuries respectively. These species apparently have not been collected since then in India. S. vulgate and S. swartzii are bisexual plants with separate female and male conceptactes in each receptacle; in S. cincture, the plants are unisexual. CLARKE ROBERT and ANELIO AGUAYO L., 1965. Bryde's whale in the southeast Pacific. Norsk Hvalfangst- Tidende, 54 (7): 141-148. Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni Anderson) was identified from Iquique (20 ° 17'S, 70°09'W) a first record from the coast of Chile through a detailed comparison o f the body proportions, ventral grooves and baleen in a rorqual with those in Bryde's whale from South Africa originally described by Olsen (1913), and with those in the southern sei whale. The distribution of Bryde's whale in the Southeast and East Equatorial Pacific is reviewed and is considered to be continuous from north Chile to Colombia, and probably to the Galfipagos Islands. COLE B. F., 1965. Marine sediment attenuation and ocean-bottom-reflected sound. J. Acoust.
Soc., Am., 38 (2): 291-297. The attenuation o f sound in marine sediments is shown to depend on the first power of the frequency for a range of I00-1000 cps, and the relation between sediment attenuation and ocean-bottom reflectivity is discussed. The reflection process is approximated by a three-layer fluid model, with attenuation in the second and third layers. Theoretical reflection coefficients are calculated, considering the sediment attenuation as proportional to the one-half, first, and second powers of the frequency for comparison with measured coefficients. For the range of frequencies considered, the firstpower frequency-attenuation law in the sediments is consistent with the observed dependence of the ocean-bottom reflectivity. COOK ERNEST E., 1965. Geophysical operations in the North Sea. Geophysics, 30 (4): 495-510. During the last three years the discovery of the world's second largest natural gas field at Groningen in the Netherlands has touched off in the N o r t h Sea one of the greatest competitive offshore geophysical operations in history. Before 1962, only minor amounts of geophysical work had been done there. Severe weather conditions were expected, but seismic operations have not been as much affected by weather as was originally anticipated. However, strong currents, making cable location uncertain, hampered reflection stacking and refraction operations. Location by radio was also a serious problem due to lack of sufficient available frequencies for a lane identification system. Seismic work was carried out safely in areas mapped as mine fields. Few problems with the fishing industry have so far been encountered. As a preliminary, the geophysics o f the Groningen area are discussed. A gravity compilation o f the North Sea shows that there are three major basins--the Northwest German Zechstein Basin, the British North Sea Basin, and the Norwegian North Sea Basin. The British Basin which contains Tertiary, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic, Permian, Carboniferous, and
Oceanographic Abstracts
and copepodite length. All stages were concentrated in the upper waters; the copepodites underwent a gradual seasonal descent. The salinity gradient produced a distinct spatial separation o f Pseudocalanus from the other autochthonous caianoids, Aeartia clausi and Eurytemora hirundoides. CECCALDI HUBERT J. et BERNARD H. ALLEMAND, 1964. Carotenoproteides. 3. Extraction du pigment bleu de le carapace du homard Homarus gammarus (L.). Rec. Tray. Sta. Mar., Endourae, 51 (35): 3-7. Ammonium sulphate solutions extract the carotenoproteid o f a lobster shell, as well as other proteins. The best molarity for a maximum extraction is 0,6 M. The most efficient method to extract carotenoproteids included in the pigmented zone of a crustacean shell is to grind the shell in a small volume of ammonium sulphate solution. At least three blue-carotenoproteids seem to exist in the lobster shell. CECCALDI HUBERT J. et BRI(]ITT~ BERLAND, 1964. Contribution/i l'rtude de dosages quantitatifs du plancton. 2. Lyophilisation ou filtration sur fibres " m i l l i p o r e " comparaison de la solubilit6 des pigments photosynthetiques de la diatomre Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bohlin) par quelques solvants organiques ~t diverses concentrations. Rec. Trap. Sta. Mar., Endoume, 51 (35): 17-42. Aprrs essais comparrs sur des Diatomres (Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bohlin)) filtrres et lyophilisres, il apparait que : (1 °) Le meilleur solvant parmi ceux utilisrs (acrtone, mrthanol, 6thanol, pyridine) est le m r t h a n o l / t 100~o dans les deux cas. (2 °) La durre d'extraction avec ce solvant, est de 30 minutes pour les diatomres filtrres et de 5 minutes pour les diatomres lyophilisres. (3 °) La dessication des filtres avant l'extraction semble diminuer la quantit6 de pigments passant en solution dans le mrthanol et l'acrtone. (4 °) Dans tousles 6chantillons traitrs, les diatomres lyophilisres donnent des solutions de pigments dont les densitrs optiques sont suprrieures/t celles obtenues, par le traitement, dans des conditions analogues, des diatomres ffitrres. CrtALVaAMV. D. and FRANCESCATmVY, 1964. On the occurrence of some Sargassum species in Gujarat. Phykos. J. Phycolog. Soc., (India), 3 (1/2): 19-25. Sargassum vulgate C. Ag., Sargassum swartzii (Turner) C. Ag., and Sargassum cincture J. Ag., were reported from Gujarat (India). The first was collected by Koenig, and the other two by Wight, in the 18th and 19th centuries respectively. These species apparently have not been collected since then in India. S. vulgate and S. swartzii are bisexual plants with separate female and male conceptactes in each receptacle; in S. cincture, the plants are unisexual. CLARKE ROBERT and ANELIO AGUAYO L., 1965. Bryde's whale in the southeast Pacific. Norsk Hvalfangst- Tidende, 54 (7): 141-148. Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni Anderson) was identified from Iquique (20 ° 17'S, 70°09'W) a first record from the coast of Chile through a detailed comparison o f the body proportions, ventral grooves and baleen in a rorqual with those in Bryde's whale from South Africa originally described by Olsen (1913), and with those in the southern sei whale. The distribution of Bryde's whale in the Southeast and East Equatorial Pacific is reviewed and is considered to be continuous from north Chile to Colombia, and probably to the Galfipagos Islands. COLE B. F., 1965. Marine sediment attenuation and ocean-bottom-reflected sound. J. Acoust.
Soc., Am., 38 (2): 291-297. The attenuation o f sound in marine sediments is shown to depend on the first power of the frequency for a range of I00-1000 cps, and the relation between sediment attenuation and ocean-bottom reflectivity is discussed. The reflection process is approximated by a three-layer fluid model, with attenuation in the second and third layers. Theoretical reflection coefficients are calculated, considering the sediment attenuation as proportional to the one-half, first, and second powers of the frequency for comparison with measured coefficients. For the range of frequencies considered, the firstpower frequency-attenuation law in the sediments is consistent with the observed dependence of the ocean-bottom reflectivity. COOK ERNEST E., 1965. Geophysical operations in the North Sea. Geophysics, 30 (4): 495-510. During the last three years the discovery of the world's second largest natural gas field at Groningen in the Netherlands has touched off in the N o r t h Sea one of the greatest competitive offshore geophysical operations in history. Before 1962, only minor amounts of geophysical work had been done there. Severe weather conditions were expected, but seismic operations have not been as much affected by weather as was originally anticipated. However, strong currents, making cable location uncertain, hampered reflection stacking and refraction operations. Location by radio was also a serious problem due to lack of sufficient available frequencies for a lane identification system. Seismic work was carried out safely in areas mapped as mine fields. Few problems with the fishing industry have so far been encountered. As a preliminary, the geophysics o f the Groningen area are discussed. A gravity compilation o f the North Sea shows that there are three major basins--the Northwest German Zechstein Basin, the British North Sea Basin, and the Norwegian North Sea Basin. The British Basin which contains Tertiary, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic, Permian, Carboniferous, and