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Coatings boosts tool life
in scientific literature and hidden in the internal reports in computer memories of various agencies and organizations. The decision maker is often faced with scientific information too cumbersome to work with. too difhcult to comorehend, too elaborate to be useful. * The International Journal of the Environment will provide the scientific community with hard data to indicate re mediai action for the protection of the environment from the harmful effects of pollutants. The International Journal of the Environment will also provide oredictions of events if various remedial actions are not taken. In accordance with these objectives the journal will publish information encompassing the entire field of environmental protection. Contributions containing information on the following areas will be considered for publication: - Concentration of elements and compounds, notably pollutants, in the environment: - Release rates of pollutants from various sources; - Transport of pollutants in an environment media; - Health and ecological effects of pollutants; - Control, technology and environmental protection; Description and interpretation of laws, regulations and standards: - Information which will contribute to the understanding of environmental behaviour of pollution or promote environmental protectlen. Certain issues will be devoted to a single pollutant such as sulphur oxides, or asbestos. These issues will cover health and ecological effects, environmental genetics, production and release rates, control technologies, legislative and regulatory aspects, and other pertinent data. Other issues will be devoted to the descri’ption of the state of the environment of a geographical entity such as a continent, country, state or province.
is important. The wires must be held in place and guided. In most cases, this is accomplished by passing the wires through a ruby jewel bearing, an extremely durable but expensive item. Some printer manufacturers are now finding a Fotoceram glass-ceramic wire guide works as well at less cost. Holes in the auide must be Precisely etched to a - O.gl35inch. plus/minus 0.0903-inch. (0.343mm1 diameter. The guides are less than one-quarter-inch (0.64mm) square.
KILN PLATE RANGE INCREASED Available sizes of Crystar kiln support mates. manufactured bv Norton Industrial -Ceramics have been increased. Plates, made from recwstallised silicon carbide, are now available in sizes up to 24 in square and up to 30 in long by 18 in wide; twice the size prevlously available. With a thickness of 5116 in only the new plates are one-third the weight and thickness of conventional silicon carbide, mullite or alumina kiln furniture. Thickness can still be as low as 3/16 in on bolts with small surface area. The high hot strength of Crystar means that longer spans and fewer support posts are utilised and in furnace operations the mass and volume of kiln furniture required can be reduced by two-thirds. Plates will withstand temperatures up to 1550°C and have a higher thermal conductivity and oxidation resistance than normal. The new plates have low athermal expansion and dimensional stability in addition to the greater thermal shock resistance which allows a more rapid firing cycle. The plates are also available with special coatings to retard oxidation and jar chemical reaction with products being fired.
PPG INTRODUCES FIBER GLASS FOR BONDING CEMENT PROCESSES
AND
PRODUCTS
FOTOCERAM GUIDES CHEMICALLY MACHINED FOR MATRlX PRINTERS Extremely small holes can be chemically machined with precision into Fotoceram glass-ceramic. That’s why the material has recently found a major new application as wire guides in high-speed, computer-controlled impact matrix printers. Impact matrix printers are those that produce characters on paper by moving a single, vertical column of print wires across a horizontal line. Individual wires are activated in various sequences to impact an i,nked ribbon against the paper, forming characters from patterns of dots. Some printers use a column of seven wires, printing characters five dots wide, while other printers use a column of nine wires, printing characters seven dots wide. Characters are generated at speeds of from IO to 300 per second. To maintain good readability, precise vertical alignment of the print wires
PPG Industries, Inc. has introduced a glass fiber for reinforcing surface bonding cement. According to John M. Ford, construction market manager for PPG’s Fiber Glass Div., ?? The resulting compound bonds, waterproofs and decorates in one ap plication. As a result, the surface bonding concept can lower construction costs by reducing erection time *. The new fiber glass reinforcement is of especial benefit during the green or cure state of cement since it resists cracking or flaking.
SOLAR CELL EFFICIENCY INCREASED AT IBM An increase in the efficiency of solar cells has been achieved by scientists at IBM Corp. Made of gallium arsenide coated with a thin layer of gallium aluminum arsenide. the cells convert 22% of the sunlight ‘into electricity. The 22% efficiency is close to the theeretical maximum -of 27% expected for gallium arsenide, and represents a considerable increase over the previous
18%. Although gallium arsenide solar cells are more expensive than silicon cells, they are more efficient and function well at high temperature.
COATINGS BOOSTS. TOO1 LIFE Titanised diamond products represent a new technical development by De Beers industrial diamond division. Tests carried out by the company’s diamond research laboratory have shown that the addition of a thin titanium based coating to diamond abraslves such as the SDA and EMB product ranges can improve tool life, particularly In the sawing of ref.ractories. The titanised particles, when used with iron or cobalt bonds, provide a better resistance to surface graphitlsation than do unclad grits, thereby offering important additional benefits to the toolmaker and the end-user.
The maximum potential of this new patented form of coating is yet to be established and future progress will, as always, follow more extensive use by toolmakers in field evaluation.
SILICON NITRIDE PRODUCTION EXPANSION PLANNED Expanded production of si’licon nitride powder and components in the United States and the United Kingdom is planned by KBI-AME Inc. and Advanced Materials Engineering Ltd, under a new ownershfo structure. Allied Insulators Ltd. recently acquired 75% of the shares of AME. Allied also has become a 20% shareholder in KBI-AME. Joseoh C. Abeles. president of Kawecki Be&o Industries ‘Inc. (80% owner of KBI-AME]. said that pilot production in the U.S. is expected to be in operation this fall at the company’s Boyertown, Pa., plant. Full-scale production is planned for mid-1978. KBI-AME and AME, which have full twoway technology exchanges, will sup ply the North American market from manufacturing facilities in the U.S. and the U.K.
ICI PLANS PRODUCTION OF HIGH TEMPERATURE FIBER Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. will construct a $ 12 million plant in the United Kingdom to produce Saffil alumina fiber. Startup for the new plant Is scheduled for the second half of 1979. As an interim step, the capacity of the existing semiworks plant in the U.K. will be doubled by the end of this year.
CARBORUNDUM BUILDS a-Sic TECHNICAL FACIUTY Carborundum Co. is constructing a $4.2 million technical facility in Niagara Falls, N.Y.. for devejooment and orototvpe manufacturing of ‘parts made from sintered aloha -silicon carbide. The laboratory is expected to be in operation by May 1978. Replacement of metal alloy with sintered alpha silicon carbide would increase
is important. The wires must be held in place and guided. In most cases, this is accomplished by passing the wires through a ruby jewel bearing, an extremely durable but expensive item. Some printer manufacturers are now finding a Fotoceram glass-ceramic wire guide works as well at less cost. Holes in the auide must be Precisely etched to a - O.gl35inch. plus/minus 0.0903-inch. (0.343mm1 diameter. The guides are less than one-quarter-inch (0.64mm) square.
KILN PLATE RANGE INCREASED Available sizes of Crystar kiln support mates. manufactured bv Norton Industrial -Ceramics have been increased. Plates, made from recwstallised silicon carbide, are now available in sizes up to 24 in square and up to 30 in long by 18 in wide; twice the size prevlously available. With a thickness of 5116 in only the new plates are one-third the weight and thickness of conventional silicon carbide, mullite or alumina kiln furniture. Thickness can still be as low as 3/16 in on bolts with small surface area. The high hot strength of Crystar means that longer spans and fewer support posts are utilised and in furnace operations the mass and volume of kiln furniture required can be reduced by two-thirds. Plates will withstand temperatures up to 1550°C and have a higher thermal conductivity and oxidation resistance than normal. The new plates have low athermal expansion and dimensional stability in addition to the greater thermal shock resistance which allows a more rapid firing cycle. The plates are also available with special coatings to retard oxidation and jar chemical reaction with products being fired.
PPG INTRODUCES FIBER GLASS FOR BONDING CEMENT PROCESSES
AND
PRODUCTS
FOTOCERAM GUIDES CHEMICALLY MACHINED FOR MATRlX PRINTERS Extremely small holes can be chemically machined with precision into Fotoceram glass-ceramic. That’s why the material has recently found a major new application as wire guides in high-speed, computer-controlled impact matrix printers. Impact matrix printers are those that produce characters on paper by moving a single, vertical column of print wires across a horizontal line. Individual wires are activated in various sequences to impact an i,nked ribbon against the paper, forming characters from patterns of dots. Some printers use a column of seven wires, printing characters five dots wide, while other printers use a column of nine wires, printing characters seven dots wide. Characters are generated at speeds of from IO to 300 per second. To maintain good readability, precise vertical alignment of the print wires
PPG Industries, Inc. has introduced a glass fiber for reinforcing surface bonding cement. According to John M. Ford, construction market manager for PPG’s Fiber Glass Div., ?? The resulting compound bonds, waterproofs and decorates in one ap plication. As a result, the surface bonding concept can lower construction costs by reducing erection time *. The new fiber glass reinforcement is of especial benefit during the green or cure state of cement since it resists cracking or flaking.
SOLAR CELL EFFICIENCY INCREASED AT IBM An increase in the efficiency of solar cells has been achieved by scientists at IBM Corp. Made of gallium arsenide coated with a thin layer of gallium aluminum arsenide. the cells convert 22% of the sunlight ‘into electricity. The 22% efficiency is close to the theeretical maximum -of 27% expected for gallium arsenide, and represents a considerable increase over the previous
18%. Although gallium arsenide solar cells are more expensive than silicon cells, they are more efficient and function well at high temperature.
COATINGS BOOSTS. TOO1 LIFE Titanised diamond products represent a new technical development by De Beers industrial diamond division. Tests carried out by the company’s diamond research laboratory have shown that the addition of a thin titanium based coating to diamond abraslves such as the SDA and EMB product ranges can improve tool life, particularly In the sawing of ref.ractories. The titanised particles, when used with iron or cobalt bonds, provide a better resistance to surface graphitlsation than do unclad grits, thereby offering important additional benefits to the toolmaker and the end-user.
The maximum potential of this new patented form of coating is yet to be established and future progress will, as always, follow more extensive use by toolmakers in field evaluation.
SILICON NITRIDE PRODUCTION EXPANSION PLANNED Expanded production of si’licon nitride powder and components in the United States and the United Kingdom is planned by KBI-AME Inc. and Advanced Materials Engineering Ltd, under a new ownershfo structure. Allied Insulators Ltd. recently acquired 75% of the shares of AME. Allied also has become a 20% shareholder in KBI-AME. Joseoh C. Abeles. president of Kawecki Be&o Industries ‘Inc. (80% owner of KBI-AME]. said that pilot production in the U.S. is expected to be in operation this fall at the company’s Boyertown, Pa., plant. Full-scale production is planned for mid-1978. KBI-AME and AME, which have full twoway technology exchanges, will sup ply the North American market from manufacturing facilities in the U.S. and the U.K.
ICI PLANS PRODUCTION OF HIGH TEMPERATURE FIBER Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. will construct a $ 12 million plant in the United Kingdom to produce Saffil alumina fiber. Startup for the new plant Is scheduled for the second half of 1979. As an interim step, the capacity of the existing semiworks plant in the U.K. will be doubled by the end of this year.
CARBORUNDUM BUILDS a-Sic TECHNICAL FACIUTY Carborundum Co. is constructing a $4.2 million technical facility in Niagara Falls, N.Y.. for devejooment and orototvpe manufacturing of ‘parts made from sintered aloha -silicon carbide. The laboratory is expected to be in operation by May 1978. Replacement of metal alloy with sintered alpha silicon carbide would increase