Cumulative Index 1995

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995 Volume 42 February April June August October December

FAMILY-FOCUSED PEDIATRICS, pages 1-240 SUBSTANCE ABUSE, pages 241-496 ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN PEDIATRICS, pages 497-744 PEDIATRIC NUTRITION, pages 745-998 PEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGY, pages 999-1318 PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY, pages 1319-1662

Note: Page numbers of article titles ate in boldface type.

Abandonment, of child, 111-112 Abdominal pain, in SchOnlein-Henoch purpura, 1246 ABO system, in transplantation, 1604 Absorptibmetry, for bone mineral measurement, 1019-1020 Abuse, physical! sexual, and adolescent substance apuse, 288 questions about, 355 Acculturation, and drinking, jn ethnic groups of color, 448 Acetylsalicylic acid, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1107 toxic ingestion of, and jncreased anion gap acidosis, 1380 Acid(s), definition of, 1365 elimination of, 1366 net excretion of, 1372 Acid-base balance, 1365-1395 buffers in, 136S-1371 general overview of, 1365-1368 organs involved in, 1366 Acid-base disorders, definition of, 1367 Acid-base metabolism, research efforts in, 138S-1392 growth failure in acidosis, 1390-1392 regulation of renal ammoniagenesis, 138S-1390 Acidosis, increased anion gap, 1379-1382 metabolic, 1372-1373 anion gap under, 1374 carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and, 1377· differential diagnosis of, 1373 normal anion gap, 1373-1379

renal tubular, clinical findings in, 1375 Ackerman Institute for Family Therapy, training by, 230 Acquired drug resist<1Ilce, definition of, 555 Acting out, in family discord, 100 Acute phase proteins, amino acid content of,772 Acyclovir, for varicella-zpster virus, 589-590 herpesvirus resistance to, 583-585 alternative therapies for, 587-588 Addictive behavior, stages of change in, 340

Adenopathy, fever of unknown origin with,1001 Adhesion molecules, in vasculitis, 1242-1243 Adiposity, familial patterns of, 933 Adolescent(s), alcohol and, 371,...387. See also under AlcohoZ: alcoholism in, 201-218. See also Sub-

stance abuse. behavioral development of, social learning framework for, 206 causes of death in, 376-377 chronically ill, education of, 1295 educational transition of, 1292-1296 medical home for, 1295-1296 sexual issues of, 1293 transition of, 1292-1296 vocational plans of, 1294-1295 in substance-abusing families, resilience of, 415-429. See also Substance-abus-

ing families;

1629

1630

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

Adolescent(s) (Continued) legal relationship to pediatrician, 113114 nutritional vulnerability of, 923 personal questionnaires for, 309-315 smoking prevention in, physician role in, 393-395 substance-abusing, assessment of, 351370 diagnostic interview of, 366 dual diagnosis in, 479-490 antisocial personality disorder, 486487 anxiety disorder, 483-484 attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, 485-486 bipolar disorder, 483 borderline personality disorder, 487-488 clinician's role in, 480 conduct disorder, 486-487 depressive disorder, 481-483 eating disorder, 487 major categories of, 481-483 narcissistic personality disorder, 487-488 organic mental disorder, 484-485 post-traumatic stress disorder, 483484 schizophrenia, 485 family history of, questions about, 361 family interactions of, 357-359 family secret, 359 multi generational transmission process, 359 self-differentiation, 358 triangles, 358 family role of, 353 interview of, 352-364 adolescent, 352-357 key questions and content areas, 354-357 family, 357 general considerations for, 359361 key questions, 361-362 parents of, questions about, 362 psychological testing of, 364-368 basic assessment, 367 screening instruments for, 365-366 social-emotional assessment, 368 tests and measures for, 365 questions about, 361-362 relationships of, 353 treatment of, 453-472. See also Substance abuse. tobacco use by, 389-402. See also Tobacco. Adrenal, disorders of, and disorders of sodium metabolism, 1354

Adrenoleukodystrophy, fatty acids in, 871 Adults, development of, 37 in family, domains and tasks of, 165 Aerobic capacity, in rheumatic disease, 1043 Aerobic conditioning, in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1045 African-American students, substance abuse by, 252 Aggressiveness, and adolescent substance abuse, 286 AIDS, as substance abuse antecedent, in ethnic groups of color, 444-445 pediatric, 969-992 CDC classification system for, 975-976 clinical latency of, 974 clinical manifestations of, 975-982 cardiovascular system, 980 central nervous system, 978-979 gastrointestinal/hepatobiliary tract, 980-981 infections, 977-978 malignant diseases, 982 renal disease, 981 respiratory tract, 979-980 skin, 981 diagnosis of, 982-983 epidemiology of, 969-970 etiology of, 970-971 general management of, 985-987 laboratory findings in, 983-984 pathogenesis of, 973-975 prevention of, 984-985 prognostic indicators in, 988-989 specific therapy for, 987-988 transmission of, 971-973 viral replication in, 974 Air, role in hospital-acquired antibioticresistant gram-negative bacterial infection, 696 Alcohol, abuse of, in ethnic groups of color, 437-438 parental, of substance-abusing adolescent, questions about, 356 risk factors for, 297 adolescent use of, 371-387 attitudes toward, 376-379 adolescents', 378-379 media depiction of, 376-378 parents', 378 availability of alcohol and, 379-380 brief intervention for, 335-349 getting started with, 344-345 by racial/ethnic group, 253 by subgroups, 248-249 dangers of, 374-376 morbidity and mortality, 372, 375376 relationship to other risk-taking behavior, 374-375

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

effects on brain and behavior, 380-381 epidemiology of, 244-246, 373-374 prevalence in Europe, 374-375 prevalence in United States, 373-374 mortality rates with, 372 patterns of, 458 trends in, 257-258 perinatal use of, 268-272 antenatal complications and prematurity with, 269-270 congenital anomalies with, 270-271 growth retardation with, 271 long-term follow-up on, 272 neurobehavioral disturbance with, 271-272 Alcoholism, adolescent, 201-218. See also Substance abuse. effect of genetics on, 284, 383-384 family factors in, 284 signs of, 382 parental, impact on children, 207-208 types of, 384-385 Alkaline phosphatase, in bone metabolism, 1021 increased activity of, in renal osteodystrophy, 1540-1541 Alkalosis, metabolic, 1382-1388 Alkylating agents, for nephrotic syndrome, 1461 Alliance for Technology Access, 1307 Aluminum toxicity, and hyporesponsiveness to recombinant human erythropoietin, 1568-1569 in renal failure, bone lesions with, 1536 Amantadine, influenza virus resistance to, 594-595 American Juvenile Arthritis Organization, 1305-1306 Amikacin, pharmacokinetics of, 567 Amino acid(s), in parenteral nutrition, 765-789 composition of mixture, 775 estimation of, 768 need for, factors affecting, 770-778 clinical status, 771-772 energy intake, 772-773 nutrient intake, 773-774 quality of amino acid intake, 774778 total, 767-770 Amino acid score, in infancy, calculation of,759 Aminoglycoside(s), nephrotoxicity of, in developing kidney, 1425-1426 staphylococcal resistance to, 633 Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, antibiotic inactivation by, 500 Aminosyn parenteral mixture, amino acid composition of, 772, 775 Ammonium, regulation of, in acid-base metabolism, 1388-1390

1631

renal production of, 1371 urinary, estimation of, 1376 Amphetamines, adolescent use of, by racial/ethnic group, 253 by subgroups, 248 epidemiology of, 243, 245 perinatal use of, 266-267 Amphotericin B, chemical structure of, 667 fungal resistance to, 670 Aspergillus, 673 Candida, 670-672 mechanisms of, 674-675 Trichosporon, 673 mechanisms of action of, 666 Amylopectin, digestion of, 906 Amylose, digestion of, 906 Anemia, amelioration of, with recombinant human erythropoietin, 1569 adverse effects of, 1570-1571 of chronic renal failure, pathophysiology and sequelae of, 1562-1564 Angiography, for systemic necrotizing vasculitis, 1256 Anions, organic, and drugs, in developing kidney, 1417-1418 Ankles, rehabilitation of, in rheumatic disease, 1275-1276 Ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile, 1052, 1054-1061 clinical manifestations of, 1055-1058 diagnostic criteria for, 1054 epidemiology of, 1054 genetics of, 1055 laboratory investigations of, 1058-1060 lumbar spine flattening with, 1058 midfoot changes with, 1057 sacroiliac sclerosis in, 1059 sites of tenderness in, 1056 treatment of, 1060-1061 Antibiotic(s). See also Antimicrobial(s}. activity of, mechanisms of, 499 cellular targets of, 500 decreased access of, 502-503 enzymes inactivating, 500-502 previous treatment with, and antibioticresistant gram-negative bacterial infection, 692 Antibiotic resistance, bacterial, genetic basis of, 503-505 chromosomal mutation, 504 importance of, 503-504 plasmid-mediated,504-505 gram-negative, in critical care setting, 687-702. See also Gram-negative bacteria. definition of, 497-499 antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 497-498 background, 497 clinical, 498-499

1632

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

Antibiotic resistance (Continued) in group A streptococci, 539-551. see also Group A streptococci. mechanisms of, 499-503 antibiotic inactivating enzymes, 500502 decreased antibiotic access, 502-503 of pneumococci, 519-537. See also Pneu-

mococci. . targets of, 503 Anticipatory guidance, 16-17 family life cycle and, 35-48 Antifolates, malaria resistance to, 655 Antifungal agents, mechanisms of action of,666-667 resistance to, 665-685 amphotericin B, 670-675 azoles, 675-fJ79 definitions of, 669-670 fluconazole, 675-fJ78 flucytosine, 680-681 itraconazole, 678-679 ketoconazole, 679 susceptibility testing of, limitations of, 668-669 AntilymphocYte antibodies, for iminunosuppression, in renal transplantation, 1615 AntiIilicrobial(s), 717-735. See also

AntibiQtic(s). enterococcal resistance to, 704 resistance to, reducing spread of, 703716 susceptibility testing of, 497--498 staphylococcal resistance to, 619-648. See also Staphylococcusm. Antinuclear aritibody, in systemic lupus erythematosus, 1225 Antioxidants, biotechnologic production of,926 research on, nutritional implications for children, 918 Antiretrovirals, for HIV nephropathy, 1480-1481 Antirheumatic drugs, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1109-1114 gold, 1111, 1113 hydroxychloroquine, 1111-1113 immune globulin, 1114 methotrexate, 1109-1111 penicillamine, 1111, 1113 sulfasalazine, 1111-:-1112 Antisocial personality disorder, in substance-abusing adolescent, 486-487 Antituberculosis drugs, first-line, doses and adverse reactions to, 569 pharmacokinetics of, 567 second-line, doses and adverse reactions to, 570 Antivirals, resistance to, 583-599

alternative drugs in, 584 implications of, 596 mechanisms of, 584 Anxiety disorder, in substance-abusing adolescent, 483-484 Apoproteins, forms of, 848-849 functions of, 849-850 in lipid metabolism, 848 Appetite, implications for child-feeding practices, 947-950 in children, 931-953 Aquatic exercise, in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1045 Arthritis, in Schonlein-Henoch purpura, 1245 juvenile, background and history of, 1155-1157 chronic asymptomatic uveitis in, 1161-1162 classification of, 1157 clinical and laboratory aspects of, 1157-1158 evidence of mutiple diseases, 11551169 fever of unknown origin with, 10021003, 1005-1006 idiopathic, 1158 immunogenetic markers with different forms of, 1l64-1166 pal,lciarticular, 1160-1161 polyarticular, 1159-1160 psoriatic, 1163-1164 spondyloarthropathies in, 1162-1163 systemic disease rn., 1158-1159 psoriatic, 1064-1067 clinical manifestations of, 1066-1067 criteria for, 1064 epidemiology of, 1065 genetics of, 1065-1066 reactive, 1061-1063 clinical manifestations of, 1062-1063 epidemiology of, 1061-1062 genetic!> of, 1062 rheumatoid. See Rheumatoid arthritis. school experience with, 1285-1298. See also School experience. therapeutic exercise for, 1043 with inflammatory bowel disease, 10631064 Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale, in adult rheumatology, 1137 Ascariasis, and secondary carbohydrate malabsorption, 907 Aspergillus, resistance to amphotericin B, 673 Aspirin, for Kawasaki disease, 1215 Asthma, physical fitness in, 1040 Atherosclerosis, prevention and therapy of, fatty acids in, 869 Athletics, drug screens for, 330-331

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

in adolescence, nutritional stress of, 923 Atopic dermatitis, prevention and therapy of, fatty acids in, 869-870 Attachment, in family life, 40-41 Attention deficit disorder, physical fitness in,1042 Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, in substance-abusing adolescent, 485-486 Authoritarian parenting, definition of, 22 Authoritative parenting, definition of, 22 Autism, physical fitness in, 1042 Azathioprine, for immunosuppression, in renal transplantation, 1613 Azithromycin, 728-729 Azoles, fungal resistance to, 675-679 mechanisms of, 679-680 mechanisms of action of, 666 pharmacokinetics of, 675 AZT, for pediatric AIDS, 987 human immunodeficiency virus resistance to, 591

B cells, in Kawasaki disease, 1214 Bacteremia, antibiotic-resistant, treatment of,530-532 enterococcal, clinical importance of, 603 fever of unknown origin with, 1002 Bacteria, gram-negative, antibioticresistant, in critical care setting, 687-702. See also Gram-negative bacteria. Bacterial infection, and vasculitis, 1252-1253 Bacterial resistance, in acute otitis media, 509-517 mechanisms of, 497-507. See also Antibiotic resistance. Bartter's syndrome, amd metabolic alkalosis, 1386 normoca1cemic hyperca1ciuric nephrocalcinosis in, 1403 Base, definition of, 1365 Behavior, effects of alcohol on, 380-381 Behavior problems, chronic, family typology for, 154 in family discord, 100 referral for, 167-168 Behavioral pediatrics, brief therapy in, 140 solution-focused therapy in, 139-149 compliments in, 147 discontinuation of, 146 exceptions to problem in, 142-144 goals contracting in, 141-142 homework assignments in, 147-148 hypothetical solutions in, 144-145 indications and contraindications in, 148-149 intervention strategies for, 141-148

1633

objectives of, 145-146 pre-session changes, 144 scaling questions for, 145-146 Best interests, of child, 107-116 Beta-carotene, .research on, nutritional implications for children, 918 Beta-Iactam(s), 717 for antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci, 635 staphylococcal resistance to, 625-632 structure of, 718 Beta-Iactamase(s), as antibiotic-inactivating enzymes, 500-501 distribution in nature, 690 inhibition of, combination antimicrobial agents for, 726-727 mechanism of action of, 726 production of, in staphylococcal beta-Iactam resistance, 625-627 site of attack of, 718 Bicarbonate, renal generation of, 1370 Bicycle ergometry exercise, in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1045-1046 Bile acid(s), effects of taurine on, 988-989 excretion of, dietary fiber and, 831-832 Biologic context, of drinking, in ethnic groups of color, 446-447 Biopsy, for systemic necrotizing vasculitis, 1256 Biotechnology, nutritional implications for children, 917-930 Biotechnology food guide cube, 926-927 Bipolar disorder, in substance-abusing adolescent, 483 Birthweight, maternal vegetarianism and, 959 Blood transfusion, and transmission of pediatric AIDS, 973 Body substance isolation, in control of nosocomial transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococci, 710 Bone, adynamic lesion of, pathogenesis of, 1535-1536 aseptic necrosis of, as renal transplant complication, 1619 composition of, 1017-1018 deformities of, in renal osteodystrophy, 1539 diseases of, markers of, 1021 renal, pathogenesis of, 1532-1536 high-turnover bone lesions, 15371538 low-turnover bone lesions, 15351536 secondary hyperparathyroidism, 1532-1535 disordered formation of, in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1025 longitudinal growth of, and rate of bone mass accumulation, 814-816

1634

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

Bone (Continued) metabolism of, biochemical measurements of, 1020-1022 in end-stage renal disease, 1531-1550 mineral content and density of, measurement of, 1019-1020 Bone health, importance of calcium metabolism for, 816-817 Bone marrow, disorders of, fever of unknown origin with, 1001-1002 transplantation of, and scleroderma, 1197 Bone mass, accumulation of, 1018-1019 low, as major determinant of fracture risk,812 measurement of, techniques for, 812-813 peak. See Peak bone mass. rate of accumulation of, longitudinal bone growth and, 814-816 Bone mineral, content/density of, measurement of, 812-813 pubertal changes in, 815 metabolism of, in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1017-1033 monitoring of, in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1027-1028 Borderline personality disorder, in substance-abusing adolescent, 487-488 Borrelia burgdorferi, macrolides for, 729 Boundaries, in family life, 40-41 Bracing, in rheumatic disease rehabilitation, 1267-1268 Brain, effects of alcohol on, 380-381 growth of, role of fatty acids in, 865-866 Branhamella catarrhalis, third-generation cephalosporins for, 724 Breast milk, nonprotein energy content of, 779 Breast-feeding, and transmission of pediatric AIDS, 972 estimated protein intake with, 748 failure to thrive vs, 796-797 patterning of meals in, 935 Breath hydrogen test, for carbohydrate malabsorption, 913-914 Brief Family Therapy Center, familyoriented pediatric care training by, 231-232 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and metabolic alkalosis, 1385 Buffer(s), characteristics of, 1368 definition of, 1368 in acid-base balance, 1368-1371 Bushke, scleroderma of, 1197

CAGE questionnaire, for substance abuse, 213 Calcaneus, erosion of, in juvenile ankylosing spondylitis, 1060

Calcinosis, in juvenile dermatomyositis, 1073-1076 in scleroderma, 1179 Calcitriol, effect on parathyroid hormone level, 1545 for renal osteodystrophy, 1532, 1544 importance for bone health, 817 Calcium, absorption of, assessment with calcium isotopes, 1022 investigations of, in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1026-1027 dietary, and peak bone mass, 818-820 metabolism of, importance for bone health, 816-817 serum ionized, relationship to parathyroid hormone, in secondary hyperparathyroidism, 1534 Calcium salts, for renal osteodystrophy, 1543 Calories, intake of, feeding frequency and, 937 Cancer, inhibition of, dietary compounds for, 925 Candida, resistance to amphotericin B, 670-672 resistance to fluconazole, 676-678 Candidiasis, in pediatric AIDS, 978 Capreomycin, doses and adverse reactions to, 570 pharmacokinetics of, 567 Carbapenems, 727-728 pneumococcal susceptibility to, 526-527 Carbohydrate, malabsorption of, 899-915 breath hydrogen test for, 913-914 enzymatic assays of intestinal disaccharidases for, 914-915 measurement of, 900 mechanism of, 899-901 oral tolerance test for, 914 secondary disorders of, 906-908 stool examination for, 913 Carbon dioxide partial pressure, calculation of, 1386 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and metabolic acidosis, 1377 Cardiac disease, fever of unknown origin with,1001 Cardiopulmonary involvement, in juvenile dermatomyositis, 1077 Cardiorespiratory fitness, in rheumatic disease, 1043 Cardiovascular system, in pediatric AIDS, 980 Casting, serial, in rheumatic disease rehabilitation, 1267-1268 Catch-up growth, in failure to thrive, 803-804 Cations, organic, and drugs, in developing kidney, 1418-1419 Caucasian students, substance abuse by, 252

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

CDC classification system, for pediatric AIDS, 975-976 Cefazolin, for antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci, 636 Cefotaxime, for penicillin-resistant meningitis, 532-533 Ceftazidime, gram-negative bacterial resistance to, 688 Ceftriaxone, for penicillin-resistant meningitis, 532-533 Central nervous system, invasion of, in pediatric AIDS, 978-979 Cephalosporins, 717-726 first-generation, 719-720 for antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci,635 fourth-generation, 725-726 pneumococcal susceptibility to, 525-526 second-generation, 720-722 streptococcal resistance to, 548 third-generation, 722-725 Cerebellum, effect of taurine on, 887 Cerebral palsy, physical fitness in, 1041 Cervical spine, rehabilitation of, in rheumatic disease, 1268-1270 Chemoprophylaxis, for malaria, 657 Child(ren), appetite and eating behavior in, 931-953 as legal witness, 112-113 best interests of, 107-116 changing status of, 12 development of, 36-37 diet for, fatty acids and, recommendations for, 870 domains and tasks of, 165 drug-resistant tuberculosis in, 563-564 family's influence on health of, 21-34 food preferences in, 942-947 gender expectations of, 37-38 nutritional habits of, 924 of divorced parents, behavioral problems in, 62---ti3 pediatrician's relationship to, 29-30 poor outcome of, family risk factors for, 27-29 scleroderma in, 1171-1203. See also Scleroderma. smoking prevention in, physician's role in,392-393 special needs, definition of, 151 stress symptoms in, 97 vegetarian diets and, 955-965. See also Vegetarian diets. violence against, 186. See also Family violence. Child abuse, 111-112 information and resources concerning, 199 Childhood Arthritis Health Profile, 1139, 1144

1635

Childhood Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale, 1138-1139 Childhood Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire, 1139, 1143 Childhood Behavior Checklist, in rheumatic disease, 1146 Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire, in rheumatic disease, 1139-1140 Chloramphenicol, enterococcal resistance to, 605 staphylococcal resistance to, 633 Chloramphenicol acetyltransferases, as antibiotic-inactivating enzymes, 501-502 Chloride, urinary, in metabolic alkalosis, 1387 Chloridorrhea, congenital, and metabolic alkalosis, 1384-1385 Chloroquine, for malaria, 659 for malaria prophylaxis, 657 malaria resistance to, 652 Cholesterol, function of, 840 synthesis of, dietary fiber and, 833 Cholesterylester, function of, 840 Chromatography, for drug screening, 318-319 Chronic disease, fitness in, adults, 1037-1039 children, 1039-1042 Chronic illness, and stress symptoms in children, 98 Chronically ill adolescents. See Adolescents. Chronically ill children, individual education plan for, 1289-1292 elements of, 1291 need for, 1290 obtaining and developing, 1290-1292 school experience of, perspectives on, 1286-1289 Chylomicrons, formation of, 851 Cigarettes, adolescent use of, by subgroups, 249 epidemiology of, 244, 246 perinatal use of, 272-273 Ciprofloxacin, 730-731 doses and adverse reactions to, 570 for antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci, 637 for vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infection, 613 pharmacokinetics of, 567 Cisplatin, nephrotoxicity of, in developing kidney, 1422-1424 Clarithromycin, 728-729 Clavulanic acid, for 13-lactamases, 726 Clindamycin, staphylococcal resistance to, 632-633 streptococcal resistance to, 548 Clinical toxicology, for pediatrician, 317-333

1636

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

Cocaine, adolescent use of, by subgroups, 247 epidemiology of, 242, 244 trends in, 257, 259 overdose of, adolescent, case history of, 362-364 perceived availability of, ethnic differences in, 441 perceived risk of, ethnic differences in, 441 perinatal use of, 263-266 teratogenicity of, 263-266 use of, in ethnic groups of color, 438439 Codeine, adolescent use of, by racial/ ethnic group, 253 Cognitive deficits, child with, family typology for, 153 Cognitive function, improvement in, with recombinant human erythropoietin, 1569 Collagen, in bone metabolism, 1021 Community, best interests of child in, 107-116 Community-based pediatrics, 11-19 Community resources, failure of, 177-184 Conduct disorder, in substance-abusing adolescent, 486-487 Confidentiality, with adolescent patients, 300 Congenital anomalies, alcohol abuse and, 270-271 Conjunctival injection, in Kawasaki disease, 1208 Constitutional growth delay, failure to thrive vs, 794-795 Contextual pediatrics, 11-19 Contraception, for chronically ill adolescents, 1293 Contractures, in rheumatic disease, 1264 Coping, family resources for, 81-82 Coronary aneurysms, in Kawasaki disease, 1216, 1218-1219 Coronary artery occlusion, in Kawasaki disease, 1205, 1218 Coronary heart disease, prevention in childhood, 925 Corticosteroids, for immunosuppression, in renal transplantation, 1612-1613 Cow's milk, genetic modification of, 921 Creativity, as component of resilience, 424-425 Crisis, family adjustment and adaptation response model, 76-78 family changes and, 85 Critical care setting, antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacterial infection in, 687-702. See also Gram-negative

bacteria. Cultural context, of drinking, in ethnic groups of color, 447-449

Cultural diversity, 431-451 Cultural insight interview, 56-57 Culture, definition of, 432 Cushing's syndrome, normocalcemic hypercalciuric nephrocalcinosis in, 1403 Cutaneous manifestations, in juvenile dermatomyositis, 1075 Cyclophosphamide, for steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome, 1461 for systemic lupus erythematosus, 1231 problems with, 1233-1235 Cycloserine, doses and adverse reactions to, 570 pharmacokinetics of, 567 Cyclosporine A, adverse effects of, 1614-1615 for immunosuppression, in renal transplantation, 1613-1615 for juvenile dermatomyositis, 1092 for steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome, 1461-1462 nephrotoxicity of, acute renal allograft rejection vs, 1425 in developing kidney, 1424-1425 Cysteine hydrochloride, in parenteral feedings, 776-777 Cystic fibrosis, and metabolic alkalosis, 1385 fatty acids in, 871-872 physical fitness in, 1041 recombinant DNA technology for, 920 Cystinosis, renal transplantation for, 1609 Cystitis, acute, evaluation and management of, 1451 treatment of, 1449-1453 bacterial, antibiotics for, 1452 Cystourethrogram, voiding, for urinary tract infections, 1450-1451 Cytomegalovirus, acyclovir-resistant, 588-589 antiviral resistance of, 584, 588-589

Decontamination, in control of nosocomial transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococci, 711 DEET, for malaria prophylaxis, 656 Demand feeding, in infancy, advantages of,935 Depression, in parent(s), impact on children, 93-106 in substance-abusing adolescent, 481-483 Dermatitis, atopic, prevention and therapy of, 869-870 Dermatomyositis, fever of unknown origin with,1005 in primary immunodeficiency disease, 1089-1090

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

juvenile, 1071-1098 autoantibodies in, 1088-1089 clinical presentation of, 1074---1078 calcinosis, 1075-1076 cardiopulmonary involvement, 1077 cutaneous manifestations, 1075 gastrointestinal involvement, 10771078 genitourinary involvement, 1078 musculoskeletal system, 1076-1077 ophthalmologic involvement, 1078 diagnostic criteria for, 1072-1074 differential diagnosis of, 1083-1085 muscle-derived enzymes, 1084---1085 skin, 1083-1084 epidemiology of, 1085-1087 infection and, 1087 seasonality of, 1086 genetic studies of, 1088 laboratory data on, 1079-1083 electromyography, 1082-1083 immunological clues, 1082 muscle biopsy findings, 1079-1083 therapy and course of, 1090-1092 Designer foods, biotechnology and, 924-926 Detoxification programs, drug screen use in,330 Development, areas of, timing and conflicts in, 8 spurts in, 4---5 Dexamethasone, for penicillin-resistant meningitis,532-533 Dialysis. See also Hemodialysis. choice of modality in, 1581-1582 chronic, 1582 effect on growth, 1554-1555 for end-stage renal disease in HIV nephropathy, 1481-1482 indications for, 1580-1581 peritoneal, 1582-1587 adequacy of, 1587 advantages and disadvantages of, 1582 catheter for, 1584---1585 complications of, 1585-1586 types of, 1583-1584 continuous ambulatory, 1583-1584 continuous cycler-assisted, 1584 in-center intermittent, 1583 recombinant human growth hormone in, 1559-1561 Dialysis unit infection control, for endstage renal disease in HIV nephropathy, 1482 Diclofenac, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1107 Didanosine, for pediatric AIDS, 988 human immunodeficiency virus resistance to, 591

1637

Diet, and osteopenia, in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1023 energy density of, 938 and food intake, 939 self-selection of, 938 Dietary calcium, and peak bone mass, 818-820 Dietary fiber, 825-838 analysis of, 826-830 and bile acid excretion, 831-832 and lipid metabolism, 830-834 composition of, 825 food sources of, 834---835 gastrointestinal responses to, 827-830 intake of, 825--826 physical characteristics and physiologic responses to,)\27 soluble vs insoluble, 827 Dietary intake, with vegetarian diet, 957-958 Dieting behavior, in females, 933 Dimension, in functional assessment, definition of, 1153 Direction, in family life, 40 Disability, in rheumatic diseases, development of, 1128-1132 Disability index, in functional assessment, definition of, 1153 Disability-related electronic bulletin boards, 1308 Disaccharidases, intestinal, enzymatic assays of, for carbohydrate malabsorption, 914-915 Disaccharides, digestion of, 903-906 Diuretics, and metabolic alkalosis, 1385 Divorce, emotional overload of parents in, 63 helping children through, 60-Q4 impact on children, 96-97 implications for pediatrician, 108-111 Docosahexanoic acid, intake of, with vegetarian diet, 962 Domain, in functional assessment, definition of, 1153 Down syndrome, physical fitness in, 1041 Doxycycline, for malaria prophylaxis, 657 Drinking, in ethnic groups of color, 446-449 biologic context of, 446-447 cultural context of, 447-449 social context of, 449 Driving, with rheumatic disease, 1282 Drug(s), interactions with developing kidney, 1415--1431 Drug abuse, parental, of substance-abusing adolescent, questions about, 356 risk factors for, 297 Drug addiction, adolescent, genetic and family factors in, 285 Drug resistance, definition of, 555

'~8

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

Drug resistance (Continued) in malaria, 649-664. See also Malaria. in tuberculosis, 553-581. See also Tuber-

culosis. Drug screens, 330 consent for, 325-326 diagnostic accuracy of, false-negatives, 323-325 false-positives, 322-323 pitfalls in, 322-325 for acute intoxications, 327-329 for athletics, 330-331 for occult adolescent substance abuse, 329-330 forensic and legal issues in, 326 full disclosure of, 330 in detoxification programs, 330 in pregnancy, 329 indications for, 326-330 methodology of, 318-321 chromatography, 318-319 immunoassay, 319-321 of newborn, 329 sensitivity and duration of positivity of, 321 technical capabilities of, 326-327 Drug use, adolescent, brief intervention for, 335-349 patterns of, 458 in ethnic groups of color, perceived availability and risk, 439-440 trends in, 296

E test, for minimal inhibitory concentration, 498 for pneumococcal antibiotic susceptibility, 524 Eagle effect, in penicillin resistance, 545 Early intervention, opportunities for, 1-9 pediatrician's role in, 1 touchpoints for, 4 Eating. See Feeding. Eating disorder(s), in adolescent females, vegetarian diets and, 956 in substance-abusing adolescent, 487 Ecological approach, to special needs families, 152-153 Education, of chronically ill adolescents, 1295 Education for All Handicapped Children Act, 1287-1289 Elbow, rehabilitation of, in rheumatic disease, 1271 Electrical stimulation, in rheumatic disease rehabilitation, 1267 Electromyography, in juvenile dermatomyositis, 1072-1073, 1082-1083

Electronic bUlletin boards, disabilityrelated, 1308 Emotional control, problems with, and adolescent substance abuse, 286 Emotional health, family effects on, 24 Enculturation, as parenting task, 45 End-stage renal disease, bone and mineral metabolism in, 1531-1550 effect on height, 1553 in HIV nephropathy, management of, 1481-1483 dialysis, 1481-1482 dialysis unit infection control, 1482 transplantation, 1483 incidence and etiology of, 1603-1604 Endocarditis, bacterial, fever of unknown origin with, 1002 Endurance, in rheumatic disease, 1043 Energy, intake of, self-regulation of, 938 needs for, in parenteral nutrition, 765789 determination of, 778-779 Enterobacter, multiresistant, association with previous antibiotics, 692 Enterobacteriaceae, fourth-generation cephalosporins for, 725 third-generation cephalosporins for, 724 Enterococcus(i), antimicrobial resistance of, 704 acquired, 605-606 intrinsic, 604 transfer of, 606-607 antimicrobial susceptibility of, 604-606 antimicrobial tolerance of, 604-605 clinical importance of, 601-603 glycopeptide resistance in, 609 microbiology of, 603-604 vancomycin action in, mechanism of, 609 vancomycin-resistant, 601-618 causes of, 611 control of, 703-716 education program for, 708 guidelines for, 706-707 isolation for, 707 role of microbiology laboratory in, 708-709 detection of, 610-611 infections due to, control of, 614 risk factors for, 611-612 treatment of, 612-614 molecular basis of, 607-610 nosocomial transmission of, prevention and control of, 709-712 Enthesitis, in juvenile ankylosing spondylitis, 1056 Environmental factors, in peak bone mass attainment, 816-820 Enzyme immunoassay, for drug screening, 320

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

Eosinophilic fasciitis, 1196-1197 Epiphyses, slipped, in renal osteodystrophy, 1539 Ergosterol, synthetic pathway of, 668 Erythromycin, enterococcal resistance to, 605 for vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infection, 613 staphylococcal resistance to, 632-633 streptococcal resistance to, 539-543 Erythropoietin, human, recombinant, 1562-1571 administration of, 1565-1567 benefits of, 1569-1570 development and early trials of, 1564 hyporesponsiveness to, 1567-1569 in chronic renal failure, 1564-1565 Escherichia coli, urinary tract infection with, and kidney damage, 1436-1437 Esophagus, deformity of, in scleroderma, 1181-1182 Ethambutol, doses and adverse reactions to, 569 pharmacokinetics of, 567 tuberculosis resistant to, 558, 561 Ethionamide, doses and adverse reactions to, 570 pharmacokinetics of, 567 Ethnic group(s), definition of, 432 diversity of, 431-451 health status of, 435-436 of color, 433-434 drinking in, 446-449. See also Drinking. stress and, 434 substance use/abuse in, 436-440. See also Substance abuse. Ethylene glycol, ingestion of, and increased anion gap acidosis, 1381 Exceptional Parent, 1306 Exercise, and osteopenia, in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1023 in normal children, 1036-1037 in rheumatic disease rehabilitation, 1266 Extracellular fluid, relative size of, importance of, 1347-1348 Extremity changes, in Kawasaki disease, 1208

Facial changes, in scleroderma, 1177 Failure to thrive, adverse social and psychological environment and, 801 assessment of, 797-798 body composition in, effects of nutritional rehabilitation on, 804-805 definition of, 791-792 diagnostic criteria for, 792-793

1639

factitious, 79?r-797 breast-fed baby, 796-797 constitutional growth delay, 794-795 familial short stature, 793 intrauterine growth retardation, 795796 follow-up evaluation in, 805--806 infant behaviors in, 800-801 laboratory aids in, 801-802 long-term prognosis in, 805-806 management of, 802-805 catch-up growth, 803-804 nutritional, 791-810 parental education, 805 parental characteristics in, 798-800 Familial short stature, failure to thrive vs, 793 Family(ies), and community, 17 as second patient, 17-18 belief system of, 39 best interests of child in, 107-116 changes over time, 84-87 adaptation phase, 85-86 adjustment phase, 84-85 circular interactions, 86-87 family crisis, 85 changing status of, 12 chronic distress in, 165 competence and strengths of, 15-16, 88 demands of, as source of stress, 78-80 destructive relationships in, 166 distinctive characteristics of, 39 emotional validation in, 88 empowerment of, 87-88 extended, 59-74 first interview with, 127-137 concluding and summarizing, 135 constructing family genogram, 211 contracting, 135 discussion of problems, 131-134 facilitating communication, 13?r-134 pediatrician's role, 132-133 goals in, 128, 134 greeting in, 130-131 phases of, 129-136 interview, 130-135 post-interview, 135-136 pre-interview, 129-130 social conversation in, 131 supportive environment for, 131-132 functioning of, 21-23, 76 identity of, and coping strategies, 83 influence on child health, 21-34 information provision to, 89 interactions in, categories of, 166 of substance-abusing adolescent, 357359 life cycle of, parenting and, 35-48 low income, questions for, 50 motion in, 41-44

1640

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

Family(ies) (Continued) cenhifugal, 42-43 centripetal, 42, 44 organization of, dimensions of, 40-41 pain in, identification of, 168-172 pediatrician's observation of, 14-15 pediahician's relationship to, 29-30 poor functioning of, social risk factors for, 25-26 primary care interventions in, problems appropriate for, 167 problems in, referral for, 167-168 psychosocial problems in, role of pediatrician in, 100-104 referral from another professional, 129130 resilience of, 75-76, 87-89 resources and coping behaviors of, 80-82 single-parent. See Single-parent families. solution discovery in, 88-89, 134 strengths and problems of, 15-16, 88 stress coping by, 76-84 adjustment and adaptation response model, 76-78 family capabilities and, 80-82 meanings of events and, 82-84 violence in, 185-200. See also Family vio-

lence. with neurodevelopmenta1l neuropsychiatric needs, 151-159 behavioral interpretations of, 152-153 ecological approach to, 152-153 preparation to help, 154-155 response stages in, 157-158 typology of, 153-154 understanding strengths and pain of, 155-157 working with, 1-9 world view of, and coping strategies, 84 Family approach, to substance abuse in adolescents, 201-218 Family-centered pediatrics, 11-19 Family counseling, role of pediatrician in, 162 Family Environment Scale, in childhood rheumatic disease, 1146-1147 Family Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation model, 166 Family meeting, role of pediatrician in, 169 Family-oriented pediatric care, 117-125 attention to subjective family experience, 225 background on, 219-221 basic premises of, 122 biobehavioral nature of medicine and, 220-221 changes in time and tempo with, 227 collaboration with other disciplines, 220 communication in, 225-226

current issues in, 221-227 family conflict in, 119 family processes and dynamics in, 226227 family systems perspective and, 95-96, 221 future of, 124 gaining multi-lateral family focus in, 225 history of, 121-122 inclusion of family in health care delivery, 220 integrated model of, 122 levels of family involvement in, 118-119 signals for change in, 120-121 obtaining family information in, 118 practical advice concerning, 123-124 resisting "urge of expertise" in, 226 tolerating ambiguity in, 226 training in, 219-233 impediments to, 221-222 options for, 229-233 books, 232-233 departments of pediatrics, 229 family therapy training centers, 230 journals, 233 profeSSional societies, 229 realistic goals for, 222-223 specific challenges in, 225-227 using personal subjective experiences in, 226 working with families in, 223-224 Family role, of substance-abusing adolescent, 353 Family system, 38-40 intervention in, 94-95 theory of, in child development, 3-4 perspective on, 95-96, 221 Family therapy, referral for, 103-104 Family Therapy Institute of Washington D.C., family-oriented pediatric care training by, 231 Family violence, 185-200 advocacy in, 195 definition of, 185 detection of, 188-190 extensive screening, 189 initial screening, 188-189 pediatrician's response to, 190 diagnosis of, 193-194 etiology of, 187 information and resources concerning, 199-200 pediatrician's concern with, 185-187 prevention of, 189-190 reporting of, 193-194 treatment of, 194-195 Fanciclovir, for varicella-zoster virus, 590 Fansidar, for malaria, 659-660 Fasciitis, eosinophilic, 1196-1197 Fat, absorption of, in infant, 847-848

1

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

digestion of, in infant, 842--847 intake of, self-regulation of, 940 metabolism of, during early development, 853-854 subcutaneous, necrosis of, hypercalcemic hypercalciuric nephrocalcinosis in, 1404 Fatigue, in systemic lupus erythematosus, 1224 Fatty acid(s), and children's diet, recommendations for, 870 as dietary fat in infancy, 841 classification of, 862 definition, biochemistry, and metabolism of,861-864 function of, 840 in adrenoleukodystrophy, 871 in atherosclerosis prevention and therapy, 869 in atopic dermatitis prevention and therapy, 869-870 in brain growth and functional development, 865--866 in cystic fibrosis, 871-872 in early infancy, 864-866 in formula, 867 in glycogen storage disease, 872 in human milk, 866-867 in infants' foods, 866-869 in inherited disorders of metabolism, studies of, 871-873 in insulin-resistance prevention and therapy, 870-871 in obesity prevention and therapy, 870871 in parenteral nutrition emulsions, 867868 in pediatric nutrition, 861-877 in phenylketonuria, 872-873 in prevention and therapy of acquired disorders, 869--871 in weaning foods, 868-869 intake of, with vegetarian diet, 962-963 short chain, and intestinal fiber fermentation, 829-830 transfer to fetus, 864-865 Fatty-acid-binding protein, in fat absorption, 847 Fecal bulking, dietary fiber and, 828-829 Feces, reducing sugars in, examination for, 913 Feeding, balance of power in, 931-932 gender differences in, 933 nonhunger cues and, 937 parental control of, cultural, historical, and individual differences in, 932934 self-control of, development of, 949 social context of, and food preferences, 946

1641

timing of, 934-937 and caloric intake, 937 Feeding behavior, 931-953 implications for child-feeding practices, 947-950 Feet, rehabilitation of, in rheumatic disease, 1276-1277 Fenoprofen, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1107 Fertility, with cyclophosphamide, for systemic lupus erythematosus, 1234 Fetal alcohol syndrome, 268-279 Fetus, effect of alcohol on, 268-272 effect of amphetamines on, 266-267 effect of cigarettes on, 272-273 effect of cocaine on, 263-266 effect of heroin/methadone on, 267-268 effect of marijuana on, 262-263 transfer of fatty acids to, 864-865 Fever, in Kawasaki disease, 1207-1208 with urinary tract infections, 1443-1446 Fever of unknown origin, 999-1015 common causes of, 1000 differential diagnosis of, 1000-1007 immunodeficiency diseases, 1004 infectious causes, 1002-1004 rheumatic diseases, 1004-1007 with specific organ involvement, 1000-1002 evaluation of, 1007-1011 history and family history, 1007-1008 imaging tests, 1010 laboratory studies, 1009-1010 physical examination, 1008-1009 referral and hospitalization, 1010-1011 skin tests, 1009 therapeutic approach for, 1011 Fiber, dietary, 825-838. See also Dietary

fiber. Fibrosis, skin, in scleroderma, 1175-1178 Fingers, rehabilitation of, in rheumatic disease, 1272-1273 First interview, 127-137. See also under

Family(ies). Fitness, in chronic disease, adults, 1037-1039 children, 1039-1042 in rheumatic disease, adults, 1042-1044 Flashbacks, following LSD use, 408-409 Fluconazole, chemical structure of, 667 fungal resistance to, 675-678 pharmacokinetics of, 675 Flucytosine, chemical structure of, 667 fungal resistance to, 680-681 mechanisms of action of, 666 Fluorescence polarization immunoassay, for drug screening, 320-321 Fluoroquinolones, 730-731 for antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci, 636

1642

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

Fluoroquinolones (Continued) for tuberculosis, 571 tuberculosis resistance to, 557-558 Flurbiprofen, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1107 Follow-on formula, protein content of, 757-758 Food(s), allergy to, control of, biotechnology and, 922 energy density of, and food intake, 939, 941,945 Food guide, biotechnology and, 926 Food preferences, 942-947 associative learning and, 944-945 conditioning of, parental practices and, 949 energy density and, 945 Food selection, control of, 942-947 familial factors in, 944 Formula(s), fatty acids in, 867 follow-on, protein content of, 757-758 modified, recombinant DNA technology and, 920-922 nonprotein energy content of, 779 protein levels of, 747-748 clinical studies of, 750 starting, for infants, protein recommendations for, 749-750 taurine supplementation of, 887 Foscarnet, for acyclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus, 588 for varicella-zoster virus, 590-591 herpes simplex virus resistance to, 586 alternative therapies for, 588 Fracture risk, low bone mass and, 812 Fracture threshold, in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1022 FreAmine III parenteral mixture, amino acid composition of, 775 Free water deficit, calculation of, 1359 Friendships with peers, of substanceabusing adolescent, questions about, 354 Fructose, absorption of, 902-903 Functional development, role of fatty acids in,865-866 Functional electrical stimulation, in rheumatic disease rehabilitation, 1267 Functional impairment, classification of, 1135 Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM), 1132-1133 Functional measures, in rheumatic diseases, 1127-1154 development of, 1128-1132 outcome in, hierarchical approach to, 1130 Functional outcome, in functional assessment, definition of, 1153 instruments of, in childhood rheumatic disease, 1135-1137

Fungal infection, and vasculitis, 1252-1253 Fungal resistance, to amphotericin B, 674 Furosemide therapy, long-term, normocalcemic hypercalciuric nephrocalcinosis in, 1403-1404

Galactose, absorption of, 901-902 Gammaglobulin, for pediatric AIDS, 985-986 intravenous, for juvenile dermatomyositis, 1092 Ganciclovir, for acyclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus, 588 Gangrene, in scleroderma, 1180 Gas chromatography, for drug screening, 319 Gastric emptying, dietary fiber and, 827-828 Gastric lipase, characteristics of, 844 Gastroenteritis, infectious, and secondary carbohydrate malabsorption, 907 Gastrointestinal tract, disease of, fever of unknown origin with, 1000-1001 in pediatric AIDS, 980-981 involvement of, in juvenile dermatomyositis, 1077-1078 in scleroderma, 1181-1182 Gender expectations, 37-38 Gene therapy, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1119 recombinant DNA technology and, 919920 Genetic basis, of drug-resistant tuberculosis, 556-558 Genetic emgineering, nutritional implications for children, 917 Genitourinary involvement, in juvenile dermatomyositis, 1078 Genotypic resistance, to amphotericin B, 674 Gentamicin, combination therapy with, for vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infection, 612 enterococcal resistance to, 605 Georgetown Family Center, familyoriented pediatric care training by, 231 Giardiasis, and secondary carbohydrate malabsorption, 907 Gitelman's syndrome, and metabolic alkalosis, 1386 Glenohumeral joint, rehabilitation of, in rheumatic disease, 1270-1271 Glomerular filtration, and drugs, in developing kidney, 1416 rate of, in renal insufficiency, effect on growth, 1554 Glomerulonephritis, chronic, in childhood, 1487-1503

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

membranoproliferative, 1488-1492 clinical features of, 1488-1489 electron micrograph appearance of, 1490-1491 laboratory features of, 1488-1490 management and therapy of, 1492 pathogenesis of, 1492 pathologic features of, 1490 postinfectious, clinical vs laboratory features of, 1489 Schiinlein-Henoch purpura, 1493-1497 clinical features of, 1493 clinical status changes in, 1496 laboratory features of, 1493-1494 management and therapy of, 14951497 pathogenesis of, 1495 pathology of, 1494 serologic markers for, 1257 Glomerulosclerosis, focal segmental, in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, 1462 renal transplantation for, 1607-1608 steroid-resistant, 1462 status at follow-up, 1464 treatment protocol for, 1463 membranoproliferative, renal transplantation for, 1608 Glucocorticosteroids, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1102-1103, 1114-1116 for vasculitis, 1258 Glucose, absorption of, 901-902 Glucose-galactose malabsorption, 901 Glutamine, in ammonium production, 137l renal metabolism of, intramitochondrial pathways for, 1389 Glycerides, function of, 840 Glycogen storage disease, fatty acids in, 872 Glycopeptides, staphylococcal resistance to, 634 Glycylcyclines, pneumococcal susceptibility to, 527 Gold, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1111, 1113 Gradient diffusion test, for pneumococcal antibiotic susceptibility, 524 Gram-negative bacteria, antibioticresistant, 687-702 clinical characteristics of, after newborn period, 691-693 in intensive care nurseries, 689-691 colonization and infection with, ecological model of, 696-697 endemic, 698-699 control measures for, 697-699 hospital-acquired, ecology of, 693 mechanisms of, 688-689

1643

outbreaks of, 697 third-generation cephalosporins for, 722 Group A streptococci, antibiotic resistance in,539-551 cephalosporins, 548 clindamycin, 548 erythromycin,539-543 macrolides, 539-543 penicillin, 543-546 sulfonamides, 547 tetracycline, 547 macrolides for, 729 penicillin tolerance in, 546 third-generation cephalosporins for, 724 Growth, constitutional delay of, failure to thrive vs, 794-795 failure of, renal tubular acidosis with, l376 in children undergoing dialysis, 15541555 in chronic renal failure, 1551-1554 intrauterine retardation of, failure to thrive vs, 795-796 retardation of, with metabolic acidosis, l390-l392 with vegetarian diet, 959-960 Growth hormone, and chronic renal failure, 1555-1556 human, recombinant, animal trials with, 1556 clinical trials with, 1556-1559 following renal transplantation, 1561, 1620-1622 for children on dialysis, 1559-1561 for chronic renal failure, 1551-1562 length of treatment with, 1561 potential complications of, 15611562 Growth retardation, alcohol abuse and, 27l Guidance, anticipatory, 16-17 family life cycle and, 35-48

Haemophilus inf/uenzae, fourth-generation cephalosporins for, 725 in acute otitis media, antibiotic resistance of, 511 second-generation cephalosporins for, 719

third-generation cephalosporins for, 724 Halofantrine, for malaria, 659 Handicapped children, legislation concerning, 1287-1289 Head injury, child with, family typology for, 153 Headache, psychosocial evaluation of, 101-103 "HEADS FIRST" approach, in adolescent history-taking, 301

1644

1

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

Health, contextual perspective on, 18 diagnosis of, 13 family effects on, 23-25 Health and Daily Living Scale, in childhood rheumatic disease, 1146 Health Assessment Questionnaire, in adult rheumatology, 1137 Health behaviors, family effects on, 23 Health outcome instrument, in pediatrics, 1132-1134 Health professional organizations, on disabilities, 1308 Health status, in functional assessment, definition of, 1153 in rheumatic diseases, major components of, 1131 Health supervision, interview concerning, 13-14 outcomes in, 17 Heart, involvement of, in scleroderma, 1183-1184 Heat, therapeutic, in rheumatic disease rehabilitation, 1265-1266 Height, changes in, with recombinant human growth hormone in dialysis, 1560 Hematologic abnormalities, in pediatric AIDS, 984 Hematologic disease, in scleroderma, 1185 Hematuria, asymptomatic, renal electron micrograph appearance in, 1491 Hemodialysis, 1587-1600 adequacy of, 1591-1592 complications of, 1590-1591 equipment for, 1588-1589 for acute intoxication, 1592-1593 principles of, 1587 procedure for, 1589-1590 vascular access for, 1587-1588 Hemofiltration/hemodiafiltration, continuous, access for, 1597 anticoagulation for, 1598 arteriovenous vs venovenous, 1596-1597 equipment for, 1597 in intensive care unit, 1593-1596 variations of, 1594 procedure for, 1599 replacement solution for, 1598-1599 Hemolytic uremic syndrome, 1505-1529 classification of, 1506 establishing diagnosis of, 1506-1507 nondiarrheal, 1520-1521 idiopathic, 1521 management of, 1521 secondary, 1520-1521 postdiarrheal, 1507-1520 epidemiology of, 1507-1509 reservoirs and vectors of infection, 1508-1509

features of, 1514-1516 clinical studies, 1515-1516 laboratory studies, 1514-1515 prodrome, 1514 management of, 1516-1519 future treatment strategies, 15181519 specific therapies, 1518 supportive therapy, 1516-1518 outcome of, 1519-1520 pathogenic cascade in, 1509-1514 antibodies, 1514 circulating immune complexes, 1514 coagulation cascade, 1512 endothelin-nitric oxide axis, 1513 inflammatory mediators, 1511-1512 oxidative damage, 1513-1514 platelet activation, 1512 prostaglandins, 1512-1513 risk factors for progression, 1509 renal transplantation for, 1608 Hemoperfusion, for acute intoxication, 1592-1593 Hemorrhagic cystitis, with cyclophosphamide, for systemic lupus erythematosus, 1234 Hendersen-Hasselba1ch equation, 1366 Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis, renal transplantation for, 1608 Hepatic lipase, role in lipid metabolism, 850 Hepatitis B, and vasculitis, 1251 Hepatobiliary tract, in pediatric AIDS, 980-981 Heroin, adolescent use of, by racial/ethnic group, 253, 439 by subgroups, 247-248 epidemiology of, 243-245 perceived availability of, ethnic differences in, 442 perceived risk of, ethnic differences in, 442

perinatal use of, 267-268 Herpes simplex virus, acyclovir-resistant, 586 antiviral resistance of, 584 alternative drugs for, 584 clinical correlates of, 586-587 mechanisms of, 585 foscarnet-resistant, 587 alternative therapies for, 588 Herpesvirus, antiviral resistance of, 583-585 infections with, in pediatric AIDS, 978 Hierarchy, in family life, 41 High-performance liquid chromatography, for drug screening, 319 High-risk behavior, and adolescent substance abuse, 287 Hips, rehabilitation of, in rheumatic disease, 1273-1274

1

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

Hispanic students, substance abuse by, 252 HIV infection, and vasculitis, 1252 as substance abuse antecedent, in ethnic groups of color, 444-445 drug-resistant tuberculosis in, 562-563 polyuria-polydipsia in, work-up of, 1479 recurrent dehydration in, work-up of, 1479 renal transplantation for, 1609 suspected nephropathy in, work-up of, 1478 HIVnephropathy, 1469-1485 clinical presentation of, 1473-1477 metabolic acidosis, 1476--1477 nephrotic syndrome, 1473-1474 proteinuria, 1473-1474 renal insufficiency, 1474-1476 urinary tract infection, 1477 water and electrolyte disorders, 1476 diagnostic evaluation of, 1477-1479 end-stage renal disease in, management of, 1481-1483 histopathologic features of, 1479-1480 incidence and epidemiology of, 14701471 pathogenesis of, 1471-1473 treatment of, 1480-1481 HLA system, in transplantation, 1604 Hormones, new, for chronic renal failure, 1551-1577 Hospital personnel, role in hospitalacquired antibiotic-resistant gramnegative bacterial infection, 694-695 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). See also under HIV. antiviral resistance of, 584, 591-594 alternative drugs for, 584 alternative therapies for, 594 clinical correlates of, 593-594 mechanisms of, 591-593 Human milk, amino acid quality in, 774 fatty acids in, 866--867 protein in, 745-747 Humor, as component of resilience, 424-425 Hydrochloric acid, for metabolic alkalosis, calculation of, 1388 Hydrogen, concentration of, relationship to pH, 1367 distal nephron secretion of, 1370 Hydronephrosis, congenital, work-up of, 1338 Hydroxychloroquine, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1111-1113 Hydroxychloroquine sulfate, for malaria prophylaxis, 657 Hyperactivity, family typology for, 154 physical fitness in, 1042 Hypercalciuria, in infants, differential diagnosis of, 1408-1409

1645

Hyperemesis, with cyclophosphamide, for systemic lupus erythematosus, 1233-1234 Hypergammaglobulinemia, in pediatric AIDS, 983 Hyperparathyroidism, and hyporesponsiveness to recombinant human erythropoietin, 1568 secondary, pathogenesis of, 1532-1535 Hyperphosphatemia, in renal osteodystrophy, 1540-1542 in secondary hyperparathyroidism, 1532-1535 Hypersensitivity vasculitis, 1247-1248 Hypertension, as renal transplant complication, 1616--1617 with recombinant human erythropoietin, 1570 with urinary tract infections, 1439-1440 Hypocalcemia, in renal osteodystrophy, 1540-1542 Hypoparathyroidism, and metabolic alkalosis, 1385 Hypophosphatasia, hypercalcemic hypercalciuric nephrocalcinosis in, 1405 Hypotension, with hemodialysis, 1590-1591 Hypoventilation, with metabolic alkalosis, 1386

Ibuprofen, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1107 Ifosfamide, nephrotoxicity of, in developing kidney, 1422-1424 IgA nephropathy, 1497-1501 clinical features of, 1497 laboratory features of, 1498 management and therapy of, 1500-1501 mesangial IgA deposition in, 1499 pathologic features of, 1498-1499 renal transplantation for, 1608 IgG antibody test, for pediatric AIDS, 982 Illicit drugs, definition of, 241 Illness, chronic, and stress symptoms, 98 Imipenem, 727-728 Imipenem-cilastatin, for penicillin-resistant meningitis, 532-533 Immigrants, questions for, 50 Immune globulin, intravenous, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1114 for Kawasaki disease, 1215 Immune response modifiers, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1117-1119 Immunoassay techniques, for drug screening, 319-321 Immunocompromise, and vancomycinresistant enterococcal infection, 705

1646

1

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

Immunodeficiency disease, fever of unknown origin with, 1004 primary, inflammatory myopathy in, 1089-1090 Immunogenetic markers, with juvenile arthritis, 1164-1166 Immunological clues, in juvenile dermatomyositis, 1082 Immunosuppression, drugs for, in systemic lupus erythematosus, 1231-1233 for renal transplantation, 1612-1616 antilymphocyte antibodies, 1615 azathioprine, 1613 corticosteroids, 1612-1613 cyclosporine A, 1614-1615 regimen of, 1616 Inanimate surfaces, role in hospitalacquired antibiotic-resistant gramnegative bacterial infection, 695-696 Inborn errors of metabolism, correction of, with recombinant DNA technology, 919 Independence, as component of resilience, 424-425 Individual education plan, for chronically ill children, 1289-1292 Indomethacin, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1107 Infancy, fat metabolism in, 839 protein nutrition during, 745-764 recommendations for, 760 second half of, protein requirement during, 751-753 clinical investigations of, 755-757 factorial calculation of, 752 growth, 751-753 maintenance, 751 Infant(s), behaviors of, in failure to thrive, 800-801 breast-fed, estimated protein intake of, 748 fat absorption in, 847-848 fat digestion in, 842-847 of mv-positive mothers, diagnostic testing of, 983 protein requirements and recommended dietary intake of, 748-749 renal calcification in, 1397-1413 starting formulas for, protein recommendations for, 749-750 Infection(s), and hyporesponsiveness to recombinant human erythropoietin, 1568 and juvenile dermatomyositis, 1087 as renal transplant complication, 16181619 in pediatric AIDS, 977-978 pneumococcal, penicillin-resistant, suggested antibiotic therapy of, 531

staphylococcal, methicillin-resistant, control of, 630 with peritoneal dialysis, 1585 Infectious diseases, fever of unknown origin with, 1002-1004 Inflammation, adhesion molecules and, 1243 and hyporesponsiveness to recombinant human erythropoietin, 1568 and osteopenia, in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1024 Inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis with, 1063-1064 serologic markers for, 1257 Inflammatory myopathy, in primary immunodeficiency disease, 1089-1090 Influenza virus, antiviral resistance of, 584, 594-595 Information resources, on disabilities, 1308 Inhalants, adolescent use of, by racial! ethnic group, 252-253 by subgroups, 247 epidemiology of, 242-244 Initiative, as component of resilience, 424-425 Insertion sequences, in resistance transfer in enterococci, 606 Insight, as component of resilience, 424 Institute for Contextual Growth, familyoriented pediatric care training by, 231 Insulin deficiency, and increased anion gap acidosis, 1379 Insulin-resistant state, prevention and therapy of, fatty acids in, 870-871 Intensive care nurseries, antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria in, 689-691 Intermeal interval, control of, 934-937 Interpersonal relatedness, problems with, and adolescent substance abuse, 286 Intestinal mucosa, immune-related injury to, and secondary carbohydrate malabsorption, 907-908 Intestinal transit time, dietary fiber and, 828 Intoxication, acute, hemodialysis for, 1592-1593 Intracellular fluid, relative size of, importance of, 1347-1348 Intrarenal reflux, and kidney damage, 1435 Intrauterine growth retardation, failure to thrive vs, 795-796 Iron deficiency, and hyporesponsiveness to recombinant human erythropoietin, 1567 Iron deficiency anemia, with vegetarian diet, 960 Isolation, in control of nosocomial transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococci, 711

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

Isoniazid, doses and adverse reactions to, 569 pharmacokinetics of, 567 tuberculosis resistant to, 556-557, 561 Itraconazole, chemical structure of, 667 fungal resistance to, 678---{j79 pharmacokinetics of, 675

Jaw, rehabilitation of, in rheumatic disease, 1270 Juvenile Arthritis Functional Assessment Scale/Report, 1138-1141 Juvenile Arthritis Self-Report Index, 1139, 1143--1144 Juvenile dermatomyositis, 1071-1098. See also under Dermatomyositis.

Kanamycin, doses and adverse reactions to, 570 pharmacokinetics of, 567 Kawasaki disease, 1205-1222 complications and prognosis in, 12171220 coronary aneurysms in, 1216, 1218-1219 coronary artery occlusion in, 1205, 1218 diagnosis of, 1207-1210 epidemiology of, 1205-1206 etiology of, 1206-1207 immune features and pathogenesis of, 1211-1214 B cells, 1214 monocytes and macrophages, 1214 T cells, 1211-1213 laboratory evaluation of, 1211 noncardiac features of, 1209 prevention of, 1220 symptoms and clinical features of, 1207 treatment of, 1214-1217 Ketoconazole, chemical structure of, 667 fungal resistance to, 679 pharmacokinetics of, 675 Ketoprofen, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1108 Kidney. See also under Renal. calcification of, in newborn, ultrasonogram of, 1400 damage to, in urinary tract infections, 1435-1436 developing, interactions of drugs with, 1415-1431 development, 1420-1421 glomerular filtration, 1416 metabolism, 1420 nephrotoxicity, 1421-1427 organic anions, 1417-1418 organic cations, 1418-1419

1647

reabsorption, 1419-1420 tubular secretion, 1416-1417 disease of, cystic, 1324-1329 polycystic, 1324-1327. See also Polycys-

tic kidney disease. disorders of, and disorders of sodium metabolism, 1354 dysplastic, 1323--1324 glomerular cysts of, 1329 in acid-base balance, 1365-1395. See also

Acid-base balance. involvement of, in scleroderma, 11841185 medullary cystic disease of, 1328-1329 juvenile nephronophthisis, 1328 medullary sponge kidney, 1328-1329 normal, in newborn, sonogram of, 1400 replacement of function of, principles of, 1579-1602 taurine transport by, nutritional consequences of, 883 Kidney transplantation, 1603-1628. See also Renal transplantation. Klein Bell Activities of Daily Living, 1132-1133 Knees, rehabilitation of, in rheumatic disease, 1274-1275

Lactase, in digestion of disaccharides, 903-904 Lactation, changes in total milk protein concentration during, 746 Lactic acidosis, and increased anion gap acidosis, 1379 Leukopenia, with cyclophosphamide, for systemic lupus erythematosus, 1233 Licit drugs, definition of, 241 Life cycle, family, parenting and, 35-48 Lincomycin, staphylococcal resistance to, 632-633 Lincosamide, pneumococcal susceptibility to, 527-528 Linear scleroderma, 1192-1193 Linoleic acid, intake of, with vegetarian diet, 962-963 Lipase activity, sites of, 843 Lipid(s), enzyme cofactors of, 852 function of, 840 in human milk, composition and structure of, 840 improvement of, recombinant DNA technology and, 921 metabolism of, 781-782 dietary fiber and, 830-834 during early development, 853-854 fat absorption, 847-848 fat digestion, 842-847 in pediatric nutrition, 839-859

1648

1

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

Lipid(s) (Continued) transport and delivery phase, 848-853 parenteral emulsions of, metabolism of, 782 undesirable effects of, 782-783 use of, 779-784 plasma and tissue, fatty acid patterns of, 783-784 Lipoprotein(s), assembly of, 848 formation of, 851 Lipoprotein lipase, metabolism of, 781-782 role in lipid metabolism, 850-851 Lomefloxacin, 730-731 Long-chain fatty acids, deficiency of, 863 definition, biochemistry, and metabolism of,863-864 synthesis of, 863 Low birth weight infants, parenteral nutrition for, 766 LSD, 403-413 adolescent use of, by racial! ethnic group, 253 by subgroups, 247-248 epidemiology of, 242, 244 allure of, 404--405 effects of, 405-407 acute toxic, 406-407 chronic, 408--409 tolerance, 406 flashbacks with, 408--409 intoxication with, diagnosis of, 407 management of, 408 manufacture and distribution of, 403404 use of, cycle of, 409-411 laboratory confirmation of, 408 Lumbar spine, juvenile ankylosing spondylitis of, 1058 Lung involvement, in scleroderma, 1183 Lupus erythematosus, fever of unknown origin with, 1005 systemic, 1223-1238 confirmation of, 1225-1226 cyclophosphamide for, 1231, 12331234 diagnosis of, 1224-1226 pitfalls in, 1226-1227 staging criteria for, 1228-1229 steps following, 1227-1229 extrarenal manifestations of, 1230 immunosuppressive drugs for, 12311233 laboratory evaluation in, 1225 neonatal, 1235-1236 problems associated with, 1230-1231 rarity of, 1224 renal involvement in, 1229 renal transplantation for, 1608 special problems with, 1235-1236 Lymphadenopathy, cervical, in Kawasaki disease, 1208-1209

Macrolides, new, 728-730 pneumococcal susceptibility to, 527-528 streptococcal resistance to, 539-543 Macrophages, in Kawasaki disease, 1214 Magnesium compounds, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1108 Malabsorption, carbohydrate, definition of, 899-900 Malaise, in systemic lupus erythematosus, 1224 Malaria, drug-resistant, 649-664 antifolates, 655 definition of, 650-651 geographic distribution of, 655-656 history of, 651-653 in vitro tests of, 651 in vivo criteria for, 650 mechanisms of, 653-655 prophylaxis for, 656-658 quinolines, 653-655 therapy for, 659-661 Malignancy, as renal transplant complication, 1617-1618 in pediatric AIDS, 982 renal transplantation for, 1609 Marijuana use, adolescent, by racial! ethnic group, 252 by subgroups, 246-247 epidemiology of, 242 trends in, 256-257, 259 in adolescents, 203 in ethnic groups of color, 439-440 perinatal, 262-263 recent, as predictor of substance abuse treatment success, 467 trends in, 296 Marital discord, impact on children, 93-106 intervention in, 94-95 Mass spectrometry, for drug screening, 319 Maternal employment, and poor child outcome, 27-28 McMaster Toronto Arthritis Patient Preference disability questionnaire, 1137 Meal, size of, control of, 937-942 energy density and, 940 relationship to intermeal interval, 935-936 self-control of, 950 timing of, control of, 934-937 Meclofenamate, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1108 Medical foods, biotechnology and, 924-926 Medical home, for chronically ill adolescents, 1295-1296 Medications, and osteopenia, in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1024 Medium-chain fatty acids, definition, biochemistry, and metabolism of, 861-863

)

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995 Medullary cystic disease, of kidney, 1328-1329 Medullary sponge kidney, 1328-1329 Mefloquine, for malaria, 659 for malaria prophylaxis, 657-658 malaria resistance to, 652 Meningitis, antibiotic-resistant, treatment of,532-534 third-generation cephalosporins for, 722 Mental disorder, organic, in substanceabusing adolescent, 484-485 Mental health referral, 161-176 failure of, 174-175 identifying resources for, 172-173 maintaining contact following, 173-174 problems appropriate for, 163, 167-168 judging severity of, 163-167 procedure for, 168-172 Mental Research Institute, family-oriented pediatric care training by, 232 Mepacrine, malaria resistance to, 652 Metabolic acidosis, 1372-1373 anion gap under, 1374 differential diagnOSis of, 1373 in HIV nephropathy, 1476-1477 Metabolic alkalosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and, 1385 congenital chloridorrhea and, 1384-1385 cystic fibrosis and, 1385 diagnosis of, 1387 diuretics and, 1385 hypoparathyroidism and, 1385 vomiting and, 1383-1384 Metabolism, inborn errors of, fatty acids in, studies of, 871-873 increased anion gap acidosis as, 1380 Methadone, perinatal use of, 267-268 Methanol, ingestion of, and increased anion gap acidosis, 1381 Methicillin, staphylococcal resistance to, 622 clinical testing for, 631-632 epidemiologic aspects of, 629-630 expression of, 628 in ~-lactam resistance, 627-632 Methotrexate, for juvenile dermatomyositis, 1091 for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 11091114 Methylprednisolone, for juvenile dermatomyositis, 1091 for steroid-resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 1463-1464 Microorganisms, antimicrobial-resistant, reducing spread of, 703-716 Midfoot, juvenile ankylosing spondylitis of,1057 Milk, fat content and composition of, factors affecting, 841 human, fatty acids in, 866-867

1649

Milk digestive lipase, characteristics of, 844-845 in breast milk, 845-846 Mineral metabolism, in end-stage renal disease, 1531-1550 Mineralocorticoid excess, and metabolic alkalosis, 1386 conditions associated with, 1388 Minimal bactericidal concentration, definition of, 497, 532 Minimal inhibitory concentration(s), definition of, 497, 520 in tuberculosis treatment, 566-567 Minocycline, for antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci, 637 Minor, legal status of, 113-114 Minority, definition of, 433 Monocytes, in Kawasaki disease, 1214 Monosaccharides, absorption of, 901-903 Morality, as component of resilience, 424, 426 Moraxella catarrhalis, in acute otitis media, antibiotic resistance of, 511-512 Morphea lesion, in scleroderma, 1191 Motivational interviewing, in adolescent substance abuse, 340-342 principles of, 342-344 Mouth changes, in Kawasaki disease, 1208 Moxolactam, for gram-negative bacterial infection, 723 Multiculturality, 49-58 and economic problems, 49 and health care perceptions, interpretive questions for, 53 and health screening, 55 and intergenerational relationships, 53 and patient beliefs, 52 and pediatrician, 52-55 evolution toward, 51-52 medical care implications of, 50 Multidrug resistance, definition of, 555 Mupirocin, for antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci, 637 Muscle-associated enzymes, elevated, in juvenile dermatomyositis, 1073 Muscle biopsy findings, in juvenile dermatomyositis, 1079-1083 Muscle disorders, juvenile dermatomyositis vs, 1084-1085 Muscle weakness, in juvenile dermatomyositis, 1072 in rheumatic disease, 1264 Musculoskeletal disease, in scleroderma, 1185 Musculoskeletal system, in juvenile dermatomyositis, 1076-1077 Mycobacteria, atypical, clarithromycin for, 729 Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex, in pediatric AIDS, 977

1650

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, drug susceptibility testing of, 565

N-acetyl-L-tyrosine, in parenteral feedings, 777 Nabumetone, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1108 NafciUin, for antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci, 636 Nailbed, vasculopathy of, in juvenile dermatomyositis, 1081 Naproxen, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1108 Narcissistic personality disorder, in substance-abusing adolescent, 487--488 Narcotic abstinence syndrome, neonatal, 267 National Center for Youth with Disabilities, 1306 National Information Center for Children and Youth with Disabilities, 1307 National Parent Network on Disabilities, 1306--1307 Natural resistance, definition of, 554 Neck, rehabilitation of, in rheumatic disease, 1268-1270 Neglect, of child, 111-112 Neisseria, fourth-generation cephalosporins for, 725 Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale, 2-3 Neonate, systemic lupus erythematosus in, 1235-1236 Neophobia, and food selection, 946 Neoplastic disease, with cyclophosphamide, for systemic lupus erythematosus, 1234 Nephrocalcinosis, clinical and imaging features of, 1399-1400 hypercalcemic hypercalciuric, 1404--1406 in very low birth weight infants, 14061408 normocalcemic hypercalciuric, 1403-1404 normocalcemic normocalciuric, 1406 Nephrogenesis, 1320-1321 Nephronophthisis, juvenile, 1328 Nephropathies, congenital, 1319-1341 cystic disease, 1324--1329 dysplasia, 1322-1324 cystic obstructive, 1324 multicystic, 1323-1324 hypoplasia, 1321-1322 Nephropathy, HIV, 1469-1485. See also

HIV nephropathy. Nephrotic syndrome, congenital, renal transplantation for, 1609 in HIV nephropathy, 1473-1474 management of, 1459-1468 minimal change disease in, probability of, 1460

steroid -dependent, 1460-1462 steroid-resistant, 1462-1466 biopsy for, 1462 complications with, 1465 with hematuria, renal electron micrograph appearance in, 1490-1491 Nephrotoxicity, in developing kidney, 1421-1427 aminoglycosides, 1425-1426 cisplatin, 1422-1424 cyclosporine A, 1424--1425 ifosfamide, 1422-1424 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 1426-1427 Nervous system, plasticity of, 1 Net acid excretion, 1372 Neurobehavioral disturbance, alcohol abuse and, 271-272 Neurodevelopmental problems, families with,151-159 Neuromuscular disorders, physical fitness in,1042 Neuropsychiatric problems, families with, 151-159 New foods, acceptance of, 946--947 parental practices and, 949-950 Newborn, drug-exposed, management of, 274 drug screens of, 329 effect of alcohol on, 268-272 effect of amphetamines on, 266-267 effect of cigarettes on, 272-273 effect of cocaine on, 263-266 effect of heroin/methadone on, 267-268 effect of marijuana on, 262-263 repertoire of behavior in, 6--7 Nitrogen excretion, in parenteral nutrition, 769 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1101, 1105-1110 nephrotoxicity of, in developing kidney, 1426--1427 Norms, social, definition of, 432 Novamine parenteral mixture, amino acid composition of, 772, 775 Novobiocin, for antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci, 637 Nuclear family, extensions of, 59-74 Nucleoside analogs, herpesvirus resistance to, 583-585 Nutraceuticals, biotechnology and, 924-926 Nutrient(s), density of, in vegan vs omnivore diets, 958 intake of, with vegetarian diet, 957-958 Nutrition, for children, biotechnology and, 917-930 Nutritional management, of failure to thrive, 791-810

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

Obesity, prevention and therapy of, fatty acids in, 870-871 Ofloxacin, 730-731 doses and adverse reactions to, 570 pharmacokinetics of, 567 Oligomeganephronia, 1322 Ophthalmologic involvement, in juvenile dermatomyositis, 1078 Oral tolerance test, for carbohydrate malabsorption, 914 Organic mental disorder, in substanceabusing adolescent, 484--485 Osmolality, calculation of, l381 Osmolyte, taurine as, renal handling of, 881-885 Osteitis fibrosa, pathogenesis of, 1537-1538 Osteodystrophy, renal, spectrum of, 1532 Osteomalacia, pathogenesis of, 1535-1536, 1538 Osteomyelitis, fever of unknown origin with,1003 Osteopenia, in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1022-1024 Osteoporosis, as pediatric problem, 811-824 in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 10221024 in rheumatic disease, 1264 prevention of, optimized peak bone mass for, 813-814 Otitis media, acute, bacterial resistance in, 509-517 amoxicillin for, clinical failure in, 513 antimicrobial agents for, microbiologic vs clinical efficacy of, 512-5l3 initial therapy for, 513-514 management of lack of response to, 514-515 role in outcome of therapy, 513 treatment of, 534 vaccine strategies for, 515 Oxalosis, renal transplantation for, 1609 Oxaprozin, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1109

Pain, in childhood rheumatic disease, assessment of, 1l34-1l35 Pancreatic lipase, deficiency of, in newborn, 842 Para-aminohippurate, and renal organic anion transport, 1418 Para-aminosalicylic acid, doses and adverse reactions to, 570 pharmacokinetics of, 567 Paraneoplastic phenomena, hypercalcemic hypercalciuric nephrocalcinosis in, 1405

1651

Parathyroid hormone, effect of calcitriol on, 1545 in bone metabolism, 1020 levels of, in hypocalcemia, 1535 relationship to serum ionized calcium, in secondary hyperparathyroidism, 1534 release of, in renal failure, 1533 Parent(s), alcoholism in, impact on children, 207-208 anger in, management of, 181-182 anxiety in, and stress symptoms in children, 98-99 overcoming, 182-183 as leaders, 45-46 control by, in child feeding, 932-934 depression in, impact on children, 93106 education of, in adolescent substance abuse, 250-251 failure of, in community referral, 177180 aggressivity, 179 excessive dependence, 179 passivity, 178 false perception of physician power by, 180-181 of disabled children, resources for, l307 of substance-abusing adolescent, relationships of, questions about, 354 request for family meeting from, 129 retardation in, and poor child outcome, 28 training model for, for special needs families, 152 unrealistic demands by, 180 Parenteral lipid emulsions, composition of, 780 metabolism of, 782 undesirable effects of, 782-783 use of, 779-784 Parenteral nutrition, amino acid and energy needs in, 765-789 emulsions for, fatty acids in, 867-868 for low birth weight infants, 766 for short bowel syndrome, 768-769 technique of, development of, 766 improvements in, 767 typical infusa te for, 770 Parenting, 44-46 and family life cycle, 35-48 styles of, 22 and self-regulation of food intake, 941-942 tasks of, 44-45 Patient(s), restricted activity of, in control of nosocomial transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococci, 710 role in hospital-acquired antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacterial infection, 693-694

1652

1

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

Patient(s) (Continued) role in tuberculosis drug resistance, 558559 Peak bone mass, attainment of, environmental factors in, 816-820 dietary calcium and, 818-820 optimized, for osteoporosis prevention, 813-814 Pectin, and bile acid excretion, 832 and fecal bulking, 829 effect on lipid metabolism, 830 Pediatric AIDS, 969-992. See also AIDS. Pediatric care, family-oriented, 117-125. See also Family-oriented pediatric care. Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI), 1132-1133 Pediatric nutrition, and osteoporosis, 811-824 biotechnology and, 917-930 fatty acids in, 861-877. See also Fatty

acid(s). lipid metabolism in, 839-859. See also

Lipid(s). taurine in, 879-897. See also Taurine. Pediatric Pain Questionnaire, 1134 Pediatrician, as support for youth in substance-abusing families, 426-427 building relationship with prospective parents, 5-6 clinical toxicology for, 317-333 competency in identifying substance abuse, 373 contextual role of, 18 family references for, 74 health partnership with parents, 13 legal relationship to adolescent, 113-114 multiculturality and, 52-55 referral role of, 161-176 relationship to families and children, 29-30 role in adolescent's recovery from substance abuse, 478 role in divorce, 109-111 role in family discord, 100-104 role in smoking prevention, 392-395 substance abuse assessment and screening by, 295-315 visit with, preparation for, 13 Pediatrics, behavioral. See Behavioral

pediatrics. contextual, 11-19 first family interview in, 127-137 Penicillamine, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1111, 1113 Penicillin(s), combination therapy with, for vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infection, 612 enterococcal resistance to, 605 for antibiotic-resistant pneumonia, 530 pneumococcal resistance to, 519-520

pneumococcal susceptibility to, 525 interpretation of susceptibility results, 528 staphylococcal resistance to, 622 streptococcal resistance to, 543-546 streptococcal tolerance of, 546 Peripheral ischemia, in Kawasaki disease, 1219 Peritoneal dialysis, 1582-1587. See also under Dialysis. Peritonitis, treatment of, 1586 with peritoneal dialysis, 1585 Permethrin-containing pesticides, for malaria prophylaxis, 657 Permissive parenting, definition of, 22 Personal experience inventories, for substance-abusing adolescent, 366 Personal questionnaire, for young men, 313-315 for young women, 309-311 pH, calculation of, 1369 relationship to hydrogen concentration, 1367 Phenotypic resistance, to amphotericin B, 674 Phenylketonuria, fatty acids in, 872-873 Philadelphia Child Guidance Clinic, family-oriented pediatric care training by, 230 Phosphate, importance for bone health, 817 Phosphate-binding agents, for renal osteodystrophy, 1542-1543 Phospholipids, function of, 840 Physical fitness, in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1035-1050 in normal children, 1036-1037 in rheumatic disease, conditioning exercise for, 1043-1044, 1047 Physical health, family effects on, 23 Physical therapy, for juvenile dermatomyositis, 1092 Physician, power of, parent's false perception of, 180--181 role in tuberculosis drug resistance, 559560 Piers Harris Self Concept Scale, 1145-1146 Piroxicam, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 11 09 Plasma lipids, fatty acid patterns of, 783-784 Pluralism, definition of, 51 Pneumococci, antibiotic-resistant, 519-537 history, epidemiology, and prevalence of,520-523 mechanism of, 523 treatment of, 530--534 antibiotic susceptibility of, interpretation of susceptibility testing results, 528530

1

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

method of determining, 524-525 penicillin-resistant, 519-520 in acute otitis media, 510 suggested antibiotic therapy of, 531 world-wide prevalence of, 521 penicillin susceptibility of, 525-528 interpretation of susceptibility results, 528 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, in pediatric AIDS, 977 prevention of, 985-986 Pneumonia, antibiotic-resistant, treatment of,530-532 Polyarteritis, serologic markers for, 1257 Polyarteritis nodosa, 1249-1251 histopathology of, 1250 Polyarthritis, seronegative, 1051 Polycystic kidney disease, 1324-1327 autosomal dominant, 1324-1326 diagnosis and presentation of, 1325 genetics of, 1324-1325 management of, 1325-1326 autosomal recessive, 1326-1327 clinical presentation of, 1326-1327 course and management of, 1327 manifestations of, 1326 pathology of, 1326 prognosis of, 1327 childhood, differential clinical features of, 1326 Polymerase chain reaction testing, for pediatric AIDS, 982 Polymyositis, diagnostic criteria for, 1072 fever of unknown origin with, 1005 Post-traumatic stress disorder, in substance-abusing adolescent, 483-484 Poverty, and poor family functioning, 25-26 Prednisone, for juvenile dermatomyositis, 1091 for systemic lupus erythematosus, 1232 Pregnancy, complications of, alcohol abuse and, 269-270 drug screens in, 329 in adolescent, nutritional stress of, 923 in chronically ill adolescents, 1293 Prematurity, alcohol abuse and, 269-270 Primaquine, for malaria, 659-660 for malaria prophylaxis, 658 Primary care, settings of, 46-47 Primary care intervention, problems appropriate for, 167 Primary drug resistance, definition of, 555 Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT), 212 Process variables, in functional assessment, definition of, 1153 Proguanil, for malaria prophylaxis, 657-658 Propionate, and cholesterol synthesis, 832-833

1653

Protein(s), digestibility of, in infancy, calculation of, 759 in formulas, 747-748 clinical studies of, 750 in human milk, 745-747 in infancy, 745-764 recommended dietary intake of, 748749 requirements for, in infancy, 748-749 estimation of, 753-755 second half, 751-753 Proteinuria, asymptomatic, renal electron micrograph appearance in, 1491 in HIV nephropathy, 1473-1474 Prune belly syndrome, 1333-1334 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, third-generation cephalosporins for, 724 Pseudoscleroderma, 1197 Psoriatic arthritis, 1064-1067. See also under Arthritis. juvenile, 1163-1164 Psychiatric disorders, rate of referral for, 161-162 Psychological difficulties, adolescent, case history of, 360, 362-364 Psychosocial issues, in adolescent substance abuse treatment, 459-461 Psychosocial problems, referral for, 167-168 role of pediatrician in, 100-104 Psychosomatic disorders, awareness of, 121 Pubertal development, after renal transplantation, 1619-1622 Puffiness, in scleroderma, 1175 Pulmonary disease, fever of unknown origin with, 1000 Pyelonephritis, acute, evaluation and management of, 1450-1451 historical approach to, 1434 without vesicoureteral reflux, imaging evaluation of, 1448-1449 Pyrazinamide, doses and adverse reactions to, 569 pharmacokinetics of, 567 tuberculosis resistant to, 561 Pyrimethamine, for malaria, 659 Pyrophosphate analogs, herpesvirus resistance to, 585

Quality of life, in functional assessment, definition of, 1153 in rheumatic diseases, 1131 Quinidine, for malaria, 659 Quinine, for malaria, 659-660 malaria resistance to, 652 Quinolones, 730-731 malaria resistance to, 653-655

1 1654

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

Quinolones (Continued) pneumococcal susceptibility to, 527 staphylococcal resistance to, 633

Racial group, definition of, 432 Racial minorities, health status of, 435-436 Radioimmunoassay, for drug screening, 320 Rand Health Insurance Study Scale, 1132-1133 Rash, in juvenile dermatomyositis, 1073 in Kawasaki disease, 1208 in Schonlein-Henoch purpura, 1245, 1247 Raynaud's phenomenon, in scleroderma, 1178-1181 management of, 1188-1189 Reabsorption, and drugs, in developing kidney, 1419-1420 Recombinant DNA technology, and gene therapy, 919-920 nutritional implications for children, 918 Recombinant human growth hormone. See under Growth hormone. Referral, failure of, 174-175 identifying resources for, 172-173 maintaining contact following, 173-174 problems appropriate for, 163, 167-168 judging severity of, 163-167 procedure for, 168-172 role of pediatrician in, 161-176 Reflux nephropathy, kidney damage in, 1435 Reframing problems, in family therapy, 170 Rehabilitation, in rheumatic disease, 1263-1283. See also Rheumatic disease. Relationships, as component of resilience, 424-425 Reliability, in functional assessment, definition of, 1153 Renal. See also Kidney. Renal biopsy, for steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, 1462 Renal calcification. See also Nephrocalcinosis. in first year of life, 1397-1413 causes of, 1401-1408 differential diagnosis of, 1408-1409 pathogenesis of, 1397-1399 in newborn, ultrasonogram of, 1400 inhibitors of, 1398 promoters of, 1398 Renal development, and drugs, 1420-1421 normal, 1319-1321 architectonics, 1320 embryogenesis, 1319-1320 nephrogenesis, 1320-1321

Renal disease, in pediatric AIDS, 981 in scleroderma, 1184-1185 in systemic lupus erythematosus, 1229 Renal dysplasia, 1322-1324 Renal failure, acute, dialysis for, 1580-1581 choice of modality in, 1581-1582 and increased anion gap acidosis, 1382 chronic, anemia of, pathophysiology and sequelae of, 1562-1564 consequences of, 1563 dialysis for, 1581 growth hormone and, 1555-1556 increased parathyroid hormone secretion in, 1534 new hormones for, 1551-1577 transient, hyperechoic renal pyramids during, 1402 Renal hypoplasia, 1321-1322 Renal insufficiency, age at onset, effect on growth, 1552 in HIV nephropathy, 1474-1476 Renal metabolism, and drugs, in developing kidney, 1420 Renal osteodystrophy, 1535-1536 biochemical features of, 1540-1542 clinical manifestations of, 1538-1540 histologic features of, 1537-1538 high-turnover bone lesion, 1537-1538 low-turnover bone lesion, 1538 treatment of, 1542-1544 phosphate-binding agents, 1542-1543 vitamin D therapy, 1543-1544 Renal pyramids, normal, ultrasonography of, 1402 Renal replacement, principles of, 1579-1602 Renal transplantation, 1603-1628. See also Transplantation. donor considerations in, 1611-1612 immunosuppression for, 1612-1616 antilymphocyte antibodies, 1615 azathioprine, 1613 corticosteroids, 1612-1613 cyclosporine A, 1613-1615 regimen for, 1616 long-term outcome in, 1622-1623 post-transplant complications in, 16161619 aseptic necrosis of bone, 1619 de novo malignancy, 1617-1618 hypertension, 1616-1617 infections, 1618-1619 pubertal development and growth after, 1619-1622 recipient considerations in, effect of blood transfusion, 1611 immune responsiveness, 1609-1610 preemptive transplantation, 1610 prior methods of dialysis, 1610 mental and neurologic status, 1611

1 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

psychoemotional status, 1611 underlying disease, congenital nephrotic syndrome, 1609 cystinosis, 1609 focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 1607-1608 hemolytic uremic syndrome, 1608 Henoch-Schbnlein purpura nephritis, 1608 HIV infection, 1609 IgA nephropathy, 1608 malignancy, 1609 membranoproliferative glomerulosclerosis, 1608 oxalosis, 1609 systemic lupus erythematosus, 1608 urologic abnormality, 1609 recombinant human growth hormone in, 1561 Renal tubular acidosis, algorithm for, 1378 clinical findings in, 1375 Resilience, children with, attributes and skills of, 419 definition of, 418 family, 75-91 promotion of, 87-89 protective qualities in, 424-426 Respiratory tract, invasion of, in pediatric AIDS, 979-980 Responsiveness, in functional assessment, definition of, 1153 Retina, degeneration of, with taurine deficiency, 885 Rheumatic disease(s), adaptive equipment for, 1279-1280 advocacy in, 1299-1309 information on, 1305-1308 ambulation in, 1277 behavioral management and compliance in, 1281-1282 childhood, functional measures in, 11471148,1279 functional outcome instruments in, 1135-1137 health outcome instruments in, 11381145 new developments in, 1148 pain assessment in, 1134-1135 psychosocial impact of, 1145-1147 fever of unknown origin with, 10041007 functional measures in, 1127-1154 in adults, fitness in, 1042-1044 mobility aids for, 1280 nonambulatory child with, management of, 1277-1278 pain management in, 1280-1281 rehabilitation in, 1263-1283 pre- and postoperative, 1278-1279 principles of management, 1263-1265

1655

specific joints, ankles, 1275-1276 elbows, 1271 feet, 1276-1277 fingers, 1272-1273 hips, 1273-1274 jaw, 1270 knees, 1274-1275 neck, 1268-1270 shoulder, 1270-1271 spine, 1268-1270 wrist, 1271-1272 treatment approaches, 1265-1268 splinting, 1267-1268 therapeutic exercise, 1266 therapeutic heat, 1265-1266 school issues in, 1282 surgical options in, 1278-1279 vocational issues in, 1282 Rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile, bone mineral metabolism in, 1017-1033 bone mineral monitoring in, 1027-1028 case history of, 1299-1305 drug treatment in, 1099-1125 algorithm for, 1104 current, 1103-1116 first-line agents, 1100-1101 future, 1116-1120 gene therapy, 1119 immune response modifiers, 1117-1119 glucocorticosteroids, 1102-1103, 1114-1116 historical perspective on, 1099-1103 multiple NSAID therapy, 1101 second-line agents, 1101-1102 economic impact of, 1147 fitness in, 1045-1047 functional outcome of, 1136 future directions and research in, 1027 osteoporosis/osteopenia in, 1022-1024 physical fitness in, 1035-1050 studies in, 1024-1026 therapeutic trials in, 1120-1121 Rheumatology, adult, health outcome measures in, 1137-1138 Ribavirin, for influenza virus infection, 595 Rickets, with vegetarian diet, 961-962 Rickettsial infections, and vasculitis, 1253 Rifampin, doses and adverse reactions to, 569 pharmacokinetics of, 567 staphylococcal resistance to, 634 tuberculosis resistant to, 556, 561 Rifamycins, pneumococcal susceptibility to, 527-528 Rimantadine, influenza virus resistance to, 594-595 Risk-taking behavior, with adolescent alcohol use, 374-375

1656

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

Rituals, as protective mechanisms, in substance-abusing families, 418 Role definition, in family life, 40-41

Sacroiliac joints, sclerosis of, in juvenile ankylosing spondylitis, 1059 Salicylates, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 11 06, 11 09 Sanctions, definition of, 432 Satanic involvement, of substance-abusing adolescent, questions about, 355 Satiety, and food selection, 944 as conditioned behavior, 939-940 specificity of, 938 Schizophrenia, in substance-abusing adolescent, 485 Schonlein-Henoch purpura, 1245-1247 glomerulonephritis with, 1493-1497. See also under Glomerulonephritis. School experience, of children with arthritis, 1285-1298 unique problems of, 1289 of chronically ill children, perspectives on, 1286-1289 School issues, in rheumatic disease, 1282 Scleroderma, biologic agents for, 1190 classification of, 1171-1172 clinical features of, 1175-1186 diagnostic work-up in, 1188 disease course in, 1187 drug-induced, 1197 evaluation, management, and follow-up in, 1187-1188 fever of unknown origin with, 1005 gastrointestinal tract in, 1181-1182 heart involvement in, 1183-1184 hematologic disease in, 1185 in children, 1171-1203 kidney involvement in, 1184-1185 laboratory findings in, 1186 localized, 1191-1196 clinical findings in, 1194 epidemiologyof,1192-1193 laboratory findings in, 1193-1194 pharmacologic management of, 11951196 supportive therapy for, 1196 systemic involvement in, 1195 lung involvement in, 1183 musculoskeletal disease in, 1185 occupationally related, 1197 pathophysiology in, 1174 photochemotherapy for, 1190 Raynaud's phenomenon in, 1178-1181 related syndromes in, 1196-1197 Sjogren syndrome in, 1185 systemic sclerosis, 1172-1175. See also

Systemic sclerosis.

therapy for, fibrotic component, 11891190 inflammatory component, 1189 specific organ involvement, 1190-1191 SEA syndrome, 1052 Seasonality, of juvenile dermatomyositis, 1086 Secondary drug resistance, definition of, 555 Secrets, of substance-abusing adolescent, questions about, 355-356 Self-other cultural insight interview, 56-57 Separation, impact on children, 96-97 Serum osmolality, calculation of, 1352 Serum sickness, as hypersensitivity vasculitic syndrome, 1248 Sexual abuse, 187-188 Sexual activity, of substance-abusing adolescent, questions about, 356 Sexuality, of chronically ill adolescents, 1293 Sexually transmitted disease, as substance abuse antecedent, in ethnic groups of color, 443-444 Short-chain fatty acids, and intestinal fiber fermentation, 829-830 definition, biochemistry, and metabolism of,861 Short stature, familial, failure to thrive vs, 793 Shoulder, rehabilitation of, in rheumatic disease, 1270-1271 Single-parent families, community resources and support groups for, 73 features of, 60 helping children in, 60-64 never-married, 64 Sjogren syndrome, in scleroderma, 1185 Skeletal development, heterogeneity of, 814--816 Skeletal muscle proteins, amino acid content of, 772 Skin disorders, in scleroderma, 1175-1178 juvenile dermatomyositis vs, 1083-1084 Skin problems, in pediatric AIDS, 981 Small intestine, fibrosis of, in scleroderma, 1182 Smoking. See Tobacco. Social context, of drinking, in ethnic groups of color, 449 Social functioning, family effects on, 24-25 Social norms, definition of, 432 Social support, low, and poor family functioning, 26 Sodium, and extracellular fluid, normal physiology of, 1343-1344 deficiency of, calculation of, 1359 clinical management and treatment of, 1356-1357 excess of, clinical management and treatment of, 1357-1358

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

metabolism of, disorders of, clinical management and treatment of, 13561358 clinical presentation and diagnosis of, 1351-1352 differential diagnosis of, 1353-1355 Sodium balance, 1343-1363 disorders of, systems approach to, 1353 normal physiology of, 1343-1347 regulation of, 1344-1347 afferent mechanisms of, 1344-1345 efferent mechanisms of, 1345-1347 pathogenesis of edema states, 1347 Sodium bicarbonate, as buffer, recycling of,1370 Soft tissue, calcification of, in renal osteodystrophy, 1539 tightening of, in scleroderma, 1176 Solute clearance, with hemofiltration, 1595-1596 Solution-focused therapy, in behavioral pediatrics, 139-149. See also Behavioral

pediatrics. Somatization, in family discord, 100-102 Soy protein, amino acid quality in, 774 Soya milk, for post-weaning vegetarian diet, 957 Space, provision of, as parenting task, 45 Special needs children, definition of, 151 Spine, rehabilitation of, in rheumatic disease, 1268-1270 Spiritual resources, of substance-abusing adolescent, questions about, 354-355 Splenomegaly, fever of unknown origin with,1001 Splinting, in rheumatic disease rehabilitation, 1267-1268 Spondyloarthropathy(ies),1051-1070 comparison of, 1053 early, SEA syndrome as, 1053 features of, 1051 frequencies of, 1052 in juvenile arthritis, 1162-1163 Spousal abuse, 187-188 effect on children, 186 information and resources concerning, 199-200 Stability, as parenting task, 44-45 Standard gamble, in functional assessment, definition of, 1153 Staphylococcus(i), antimicrobial resistance in,619-M8 historical apects of, 621-625 management of, 635-637 mechanisms of, 622, 625-635 prevalence of, 622 to f3-lactams, 625-632 methicillin resistance in, 627-632 tolerance in, 632 to non-f3-lactam antimicrobials, 632-635

1657

arninoglycosides, 633 chloramphenicol, 633 clindamycin, 632-633 epidemiologic aspects of, 634-635 erythromycin, 632-633 glycopeptides, 634 lincomycin, 632-633 quinolones, 633 rifampin, 634 tetracyclines, 633-634 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 634 clinical importance in children, 620-621 first-generation cephalosporins for, 719 Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycinresistant, detection and reporting of, 713-714 Starch, digestion of, 906 Stepfarnilies, 64-69 community resources and support groups for, 73 pediatrician's help of, 67-69 references for, 73 special features of, 65 stress and adjustment within, 65-67 Steroids, anabolic, adolescent use of, by racial! ethnic group, 253 by subgroups, 248 epidemiology of, 243, 245 drug screens for, 330-331 for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, adverse effects of, 1116 Stiffness, in rheumatic disease, 1264 Stomach, fat digestion in, 843-844 Stool, examination of, for carbohydrate malabsorption, 913 Streptococcus(i), first-generation cephalosporins for, 719 group A. See Group A streptococci. Streptococcus pneumoniae, in acute otitis media, antibiotic resistance of, 509-511 recommended MIC interpretations for, 529 Streptograrnin, pneumococcal susceptibility to, 527-528 Streptomycin, doses and adverse reactions to, 569 enterococcal resistance to, 605 for vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infection,613 pharmacokinetics of, 567 tuberculosis resistant to, 557, 561 Stress, and amino acid needs, 771 effect on ethnic groups of color, 434 in families, meanings of, 82-84 in step families, 65-67 management of, family coping strategies for, 82 Substance abuse. See also Substance-abusing

families. adolescent, 241-260, 283-293

1658

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

Substance abuse (Continued) abuse and, 288 age of initiation of, 254 assessment of, 351-370. See also under Adolescent(s). brief intervention for, 335-349 early, definition and criteria for, 336-337 effective, characteristics of, 337-339 getting started with, 344-347 motivation and stages of change in, 339-344 by geographic region, 251 by population density, 252 by racial/ethnic group, 252-254 case history of, 362-364 chronic, clinical clues to, 302 dual diagnosis in, 479-490. See also under Adolescent(s). epidemiology of, 242-246 family history of, 360 genetic and family factors in, 283-286 implications for pediatricians, 290-291 individual traits in, 286-287 motivational interviewing in, 340-342 occult, drug screens for, 329-330 office evaluation for, 300-303 other problem areas in, 460 parental education in, 250-251 patterns of, 458 peer influences on, 286 prevalence by subgroups, 246-254 age of initiation, 254 gender, 246-250 geographical region, 251 parental education, 250-251 population density, 252 racial/ethnic group, 252-254 preventing relapse of, 473-478 12-step groups and, 473-474, 476477 follow-up studies on, 473-474 protective factors in, 288-290 public policy and prevention efforts in,256-259 recovery from, abstinence in, 477 active state of, 474-475 depression and, 477 other disorders and, 477 parental support and participation in,475 pediatrician's role in, 478 pretreatment counseling in, 475 sponsorship in, 476-477 screening for, 462-463 societal influences on, 287-288 symptoms of, prevalence of, 459 treatment of, 453-472 background on, 454-457 choice of, 454

continuing care in, 465-466 duration and completion of, 455 key findings in, 458-470 outcome measures for, 454, 467 parental participation in, 465-466 peripheral benefits of, 465 physician's role in, 461-462 post-treatment factors in, 455 predictors of success in, 467 pretreatment characteristics and, 455 psychosocial issues in, 459-461 recovery and improvement rates in, 463-465 relapse from, 454-455 risk proffies to improve, 466-470 sample in, 457-458 success of, family involvement and, 469 gender differences in, 469-470 predictors of, 467-468 school support and, 470 support systems in, 456 variables in, 454 trends by age group, 254-255 assessment and sceeening for, 295-315 developmental approach for, 297-300 formal instruments for, 303-304 role of laboratory in, 304 CAGE questionnaire for, 212 clinical toxicology in, 317-333 family-focused approach to, 207 best treatment for, 208-209 for adolescents, 209-210 family-focused assessment of, clinical techniques of, 210-212 construction of family genogram, 210 proactive physician role, 210-211 well-family visit, 210 risk factors in, 211-212 screening instruments for, 212-213 in adolescents, 201-218 family-focused approach to, 205 increase in, 202-203 under-recognition of, 204-205 in ethnic groups of color, 436-440 alcohol use, 437-438 cocaine use, 438-439 heroin use, 439 limitations of data, 436-437 marijuana use, 439 perceived availability and risk, 439440

maternal, diagnostic indicators of, 273274 perinatal and neonatal issues on, 261281 social and family context of, 205-207 Substance-abusing families, youth in, challenge model of, 421, 423-426

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

damage model of, 421-422 heterogeneity of, 417 resilience of, 415-429 case study of, 415-416 literature on, 417-420 protective qualities in, 424-426 research data on, 416-417 role of pediatrician in, 426-427 risk paradigm for, 420-421 Sucrase-isomaltase, in digestion of disaccharides, 904--905 Sudden infant death syndrome, maternal drug use and, 265, 268 Suicidal thoughts, of substance-abusing adolescent, questions about, 355 Sulbactam, for 13-lactamases, 726 Sulfadoxine, for malaria, 659 Sulfasalazine, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1111-1112 Sulfonamide resistance, in group A streptococci, 547 Sulindac, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1109 Syndrome of seronegative enthesopathy and arthropathy, 1052 Syphilis, and vasculitis, 1253 Systemic sclerosis, 1172-1175 epidemiology of, 1172 genetics of, 1173 pathogenesis of, 1173-1175 Systems theory, in child development, 3-4 of families, 38-40, 95-96, 221

T cells, in Kawasaki disease, 1211-1213 Taurine, and cell volume regulation, 885 as osmolyte, renal handling of, 881-885 body concentrations of, 880 in human and monkey infants, 885-890 in pediatric nutrition, 879-897 intake with vegetarian diet, 962 plasma concentrations of, 883 supplementation with, controversy concerning, 890 Tazobactam, for 13-lactamases, 727 Teenage parenthood, and poor child outcome, 28-29 Teenagers, alcoholism in, signs of, 382 Temporomandibular joint, rehabilitation of, in rheumatic disease, 1270 Tetracycline(s), enterococcal resistance to, 605 for malaria, 660 for vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infection,613 pneumococcal susceptibility to, 527 staphylococcal resistance to, 633-634 streptococcal resistance to, 547 Tetraethylammonium, and renal organic cation transport, 1419

1659

Thin layer chromatography, for drug

screening, 318 Thrombocytopenic purpura, idiopathic, fever of unknown origin with, 1005 Tissue lipids, fatty acid patterns of, 783-784 Tobacco, adolescent use of, 203, 389-402 advocacy approaches to, 398-399 brief intervention for, 335-349 getting started with, 345-347 by racial/ethnic group, 253 by subgroups, 249 clinical interventions in, 390-395 epidemiology of, 244, 246 medical and professional education concerning, 395 policy interventions concerning, 395-397 advertising restrictions, 396 excise taxes, 396 indoor restrictions, 396 sales restrictions, 397 school interventions concerning, 397-398 trends in, 257-258, 389-390 Tolerance, definition of, 632 Tolmetin, for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1109 Toxicology, clinical, for pediatrician, 317-333 Toxoplasma gondii, macrolides for, 729 Tranquilizers, adolescent use of, by racial/ ethnic group, 253 by subgroups, 247-248 epidemiology of, 243, 245 Transplantation, for end-stage renal disease in HIV nephropathy, 1483 immunology of, 1604--1606 ABO system, 1604 cross-matching in, 1605-1606 HLA system, 1604 influence of matching on outcome, 1605 recipient considerations in, 1606-1611 age, 1606 underlying disease, 1606-1609 Transposons, in resistance transfer in enterococci, 606 Travasol-B parenteral mixture, amino acid composition of, 775 Trehalase, in digestion of disaccharides, 905-906 Triangulation, in marital conflict, 96 Trichosporon, resistance to amphotericin B, 673 Triglycerides, as dietary fat in infancy, 840 Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, for antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci, 637 for infections, in pediatric AIDS, 977

1660

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Continued) staphylococcal resistance to, 634 TrophAmine parenteral mixture, amino acid composition of, 772, 775 effectiveness of, 776 Tuberculosis, and vasculitis, 1253 as substance abuse antecedent, in ethnic groups of color, 445-446 drug-resistant, 553-581 causes of, 560-564 clinical characteristics of, 564--565 in special populations, 562-563 laboratory diagnosis of, 565-567 mechanisms of, 554-560 genetic basis, 556-558 microbiologic basis, 554-556 patient-related factors, 558-559 physician-related factors, 559-560 outbreaks of, 562-563 prevention of, 574--575 risk factors for, 561 treatment of, 567-574 initial and empiric, 571-572 regimen for, 572-573 ethambutol-resistant, 558 first-line drugs for, 569 isoniazid-resistant, 556-557 quinolone-resistant, 557 rifampin-resistant, 556 second-line drugs for, 570 streptomycin-resistant, 557 treatment of, nonadherence to, and drug resistance, 558 Tubular secretion, and drugs, in developing kidney, 1416 Tufts Assessment of Motor Performance, 1132-1133

Unconventionality, and adolescent substance abuse, 286 Undernutrition, in renal insufficiency, effect on growth, 1553 University of Rochester Post Graduate Family Therapy Training Program, 230-231 Upper respiratory tract infections, in pediatric AIDS, 979-980 Urinalysis, for urinary tract infections, 1441 Urinary chloride, in metabolic alkalosis, 1387 Urinary tract infection(s), 1433-1457 complicated, inpatient management of, 1444--1445 cortical imaging in, results in, 1437-1438 diagnosis of, 1441-1442 urinalysis, 1441 urine culture, 1442

evaluation and management of, 14401441, 1450-1451 in children, 1442-1443 in infants and young children, 14461449 febrile, management of, 1443-1446 in HIV nephropathy, 1477 natural history of, 1434 prevention of, antibacterial agents for, 1445 uncomplicated, outpatient management of, 1445-1446 Urine, culture of, for urinary tract infections, 1442 drug screens of, 327 duration of positivity in, 321 drugs commonly found in, 328 protein-creatinine ratio in, interpretation of, 1463 Urologic abnormality, renal transplantation for, 1609 Uropathy(ies), congenital, 1319-1341 hydronephrosis, work-up of, 1338 obstructive, 1329-1333 lesions of, 1330-1333 megaureter, 1331-1332 posterior urethral valves, 1332-1333 ureteropelvic junction obstruction, 1330-1331 ureterovesical junction obstruction, 1331-1332 pathophysiology of, 1329-1330 pre- and postnatal evaluation, 1336-1339 postnatal follow-up, 1338-1339 prenatal diagnosis, 1336-1337 prenatal intervention, 1337-1338 prune belly syndrome, 1333-1334 ureteroceles, 1335 urinary tract malformations, 1334--1336 vesicoureteral reflux, 1336 obstructive, renal tubular acidosis with, 1377 Utilities, in functional assessment, definition of, 1153 Uveitis, chronic asymptomatic, in juvenile arthritis, 1161-1162 fever of unknown origin with, 1005

Validity, in functional assessment, definition of, 1153-1154 Valvular insufficiency, in Kawasaki disease, 1219 Vancomycin, 731-732 enterococcal resistance to, 601-618. See also Enterococcus(i).

T CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

for antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci, 636 for methicillin-resistant staphylococci, 624-625 for penicillin-resistant meningitis, 532 for penicillin-resistant pneumonia, 530 pneumococcal susceptibility to, 528 prudent use of, in prevention of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infection, 712-713 toxicities of, 732 Varicella-zoster virus, antiviral resistance of, 584, 589~591 Vascular occlusion, in vasculitis, 1244 Vasculitis, 1239-1261 biopsy findings in, 1241, 1254 classification of, 1240-1242 clinical features and differential diagnosis of, 1244-1245 definition of, 1239-1240 immunopathogenesis of, 1242-1244 incidence of, 1241 laboratory studies in, 1253-1258 necrotizing, systemic, invasive testing for, 1256 presentations of, 1240 serologic markers for, 1257 syndromes in children, 1245-1253 hypersensitivity vasculitis, 1247-1248 infection-related, 1250-1253 polyarteritis nodosa, 1249-1251 SchOn1ein-Henoch purpura, 1245-1247 treatment of, 1258 Vasculopathy, in juvenile dermatomyositis, 1079-1082 Vegan children, diet of, 958 Vegetarian diet(s), 955-965 adequacy of, 956-957 dietary intake with, 957-958 fatty acid intake with, 962-963 growth with, 959-960 iron deficiency anemia with, 960 maternal, birthweight and, 959 rickets with, 961-962 taurine intake with, 962 vitamin B'2 deficiency with, 961 Ventilators, role in hospital-acquired antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacterial infection, 696 Very-long-chain fatty acids, definition, biochemistry, and metabolism of, 864 Very low birth weight infants, nephrocalcinosis in, 1406-1408 Vesicoureteral reflux, 1336 historical approach to, 1434 imaging evaluation of, 1447-1448 Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, 1133-1134 Violence, as substance abuse antecedent, in ethnic groups of color, 445

1661

family, 185-200. See also Family violence. Viral infection(s), and vasculitis, 1251 fever of unknown origin with, 1002 in pediatric AIDS, 978 Viruses, resistant strains of, alternative drugs for, 584 Visual acuity, impaired, with taurine deprivation, 889 Vitamin B'2 deficiency, with vegetarian diet, 961 Vitamin D, abnormalities of, in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 1025 in bone metabolism, 1020 intoxication with, hypercalcemic hypercalciuric nephrocalcinosis in, 1406 therapy with, for renal osteodystrophy, 1543-1544 Vocational issues, in rheumatic disease, 1282 Vocational plans, of chronically ill adolescents, 1294-1295 Voiding symptoms, in urinary tract infections, 1452 Vomiting, and metabolic alkalosis, 1383-1384

Water, deficiency of, clinical management and treatment of, 1358-1359 excess of, clinical management and treatment of, 1359-1360 metabolism of, disorders of, clinical management and treatment of, 13581360 clinical presentation and diagnosis of, 1352-1353 differential diagnosis of, 1355-1356 Water and electrolyte disorders, in HIV nephropathy, 1476 Water balance, 1343-1363 disorders of, systems approach to, 1355 normal physiology of, 1347-1351 regulation of, 1348-1351 afferent mechanisms, 1348-1349 cell volume regulatory response, 1350-1351 efferent mechanisms, 1349-1350 Weaning foods, fatty acids in, 868-869 protein content of, 758-760 Wegener's granulomatosis, serologic markers for, 1257 Wild-type drug resistance, definition of, 555 William's syndrome, hypercalcemic hypercalciuric nephrocalcinosis in, 1405 Willingness to pay, in functional assessment, definition of, 1154 "Wisdom of the body" theory, of food selection, 949

1 1662

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995

Witness, child as, 112-113 Women, violence against, 186 Working mothers, and poor child outcome, 27-28 Wrist, rehabilitation of, in rheumatic disease, 1271-1272

You Are Not Alone, 1299-1309 Young adults, smoking prevention in, physician role in, 393-395

Young men, personal questionnaire for, 313-315 Young women, personal questionnaire for, 309-311

Zalcitabine, for pediatric AIDS, 988 Zidovudine (AZT), for pediatric AIDS, 987 human immunodeficiency virus resistance to, 591