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Cumulative Subject Index for Vols. 1-26
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26 A Acetals, cyclic, of the aldoses and aldosides,
20,219-302
of ketoses, 26,197-277 of hexitols, pentitols, and tetritols, 7,
137-207
Acetic acid, trifluoro-, anhydride, applications of, in carbohydrate chemistry, 16,59-84 Acetolysis, 22,ll-23 Aconitic acid, 6,231-249 Action pattern, of starch degrading and synthesizing enzymes, 23,281-366 Acyloxonium ions, cyclic, in carbohydrate chemistry, 26,
127-195 Adsorbents, granular, for sugar refining, 6,205-230 Alcohols, higher-carbon sugar, configurations of,
1,1-36
unsaturated polyhydric, 2,107-118 Alditols, anhydrides of, 25,229-283 Aldonic acids, acylated nitriles of, 4,119-151 Aldopentoses, methyl ethers of, 7,1-36;10,257-272 Aldoses, oxirane derivatives of, 25,109-
179
Aldoses and aldosides, cyclic acetals of, 20,219-302 AIkaline degradation, of polysaccharides, 13,289-329 Altrose, group of compounds related to, 1,37-
76
Amadori rearrangement, 10,169-205 Amino sugars. See Sugars, 2-amino-2deoxy. Ammonia, aqueous, reactions with free sugars, 25,311-349 Amylases, certain alpha, 5,229-268
Analysis, conformational, of sugars and their derivatives, 26,49-125 of crystal structure, in carbohydrate chemistry, 19,7-22 Anhydrides, of sugars, 25,181-228 2,5-, difructose, 2,253-277 of alditols, 25,229-283 of aldoses, 25,109-179 of hexitols, 5,191-228 of pentitols, 5,191-228 Anhydro sugars. See Sugars, anhydro. Animals, conjugates of D-ghcuronic acid originating in, 9, 185-246 Antibiotic substances, chemistry of the amino sugars derived from, 18,259-308 Apiose, 4,57-74 Ascorbic acid, analogs of, 2,79-106 Aromatic compounds, biosynthesis of, from D-glucose, 15,
235-270
B Bacteria, glycolipides of acid-fast, 16,207-238 nucleosides and nucleotides of, 15,
201-234
polysaccharides from, 2,203-233;3,
311-336
polysaccharides of Gram-negative, 15,
271-340
Benzirnidazoles,
2-(uldo-polyhydroxyaIkyl)-, 6,175-203
Benzyl ethers, of sugars, 12,137-156 Biochemical aspects, of mutarotation of sugars in solution,
24,13-65
Biochemical reductions, at the expense of sugars, 4,75-117
539
540
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26
Biogenesis, and morphology, of cellulose and plant cell-walls, 26, 297-349 Biosynthesis, of aromatic compounds from D-glucose, 15,235-270 of hyaluronic acid, 12, 299-319 of the monosaccharides, 11,185-262 of saccharides, from glycopyranosyl esters of nucleoside pyrophosphates (“sugar nucleotides”), 18, 309-356; 26,351-483 Blood groups, polysaccharides of, 4,37-55 Boric acid, for determining configuration of carbohydrates, 4, 189-210 Bourquelot, Emile, obituary of, 18,l-8 Branched-chain sugars. See Sugars, branched-chain. C
Cane juice, composition of, 8,291-314 Cane molasses. See Molasses, cane. Carbohydrates, action of hydrogen peroxide on, 19, 149-179 application of reductive desulfurization by Raney nickel, in the field of, 5, 1-28 application of trifluoroacetic anhydride in chemistry of, 16,59-84 application of the 0 x 0 reaction to some derivatives of, 23,59-114 as components of cardiac glycosides, 1,147-173 carbonates of, 15,91-158 chemistry of, Emil Fischer and his contribution to, 21,l-38 complexes of, with alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals, 21, 209-271 compounds with proteins, in human urine, 24,435-452 constitution of, 15, 11-51 crystal-structure analysis of, 19, 7-22 crystal-structure data for, 25,53-107 cyclic acyloxonium ions, in the chemistry of, 26,127-195
degradation of, 19, 181-218 determination of configuration of, with boric acid, 4,189-210 dicarbonyl, 17,223-299 enzyme specificity in the domain of, 5,49-78 formazan reaction, in research on, 13, 105-167 Friedel-Crafts and Grignard processes applied to, 6,251-289 gas-liquid chromatography of derivatives of, 19,95-147 gel chromatography of, 25, 13-51 halogen oxidation of simple, 3,129184 halogenated, 22, 177-227 infrared spectra of, 12, 13-33 infrared spectroscopy of, 19,23-49 mass spectrometry of derivatives of, 21,39-93 mechanisms of replacement reactions in chemistry of, 9, 1-57 metabolism of, 2, 119-160; 3, 229-250 orthoesters of, 1, 77-127 paper electrophoresis of, 18, 61-97 periodate oxidation of, 11, 1-41 the “dialdehydes” from, 16, 105-158 phenol derivatives, in higher plants, 20, 371-408 photochemistry of, 18,9-59 physicochemical properties of, 15, 1151 radiation chemistry of, 16, 13-58 and related compounds, action of hydrogen peroxide on, 19,149-179 paper chromatography of, 9, 303-353 relative reactivities of hydroxyl groups of, 8, 1-44 selective catalytic oxidation of, employing platinum catalysts, 17, 169-221 in the soil, 16, 335-355 stereochemistry of cyclic derivatives Of, 10,l-53 sulfonic esters of, 8, 107-215; 23, 233280; 24, 139-197 systems, effects of plant-growth substances on, 21,377-430 thiocarbonates of, 15, 91-158 trityl ethers of, 3, 79-111 zone electrophoresis of, 12, 81-115
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26 Carbonates, of carbohydrates, 15,91-I58 Carboxymethyl ether, of cellulose, 9, 285-302 Cardenolides. See also, Glycosides, cardiac. synthetic, 21,273-321 Catalysts, effects of, in mutarotation of sugars in solution, 24, 13-65 platinum, in selective catalytic oxidation of carbohydrates, 17, 16922 1 Cellulose, carboxymethyl-, 9, 285-302 esters of, with organic acids, 1, 309327 ethers of, 2,279-294 molecular constitution of, 3, 185-228 and plant cell-walls, morphology and hiogenesis of, 26, 297-349 of wood, polysaccharides associated with, 10,283-333 Celluloses, relative crystallinity of, 5, 103-126 some reactions of, 19, 219-246 structure of, 19, 219-246 Cellulosic materials, combustion and pyrolysis of, 23, 419474 Chemistry, of the amino sugars, 14,213-281 of the 2-amino sugars, 7,247-288 of anhydro sugars, 2,37-77 of carbohydrates, applications of trifluoroacetic anhydride in, 16, 5984 Emil Fischer and his contribution to, 21, 1-38 crystal-structure analysis in, 19, 7-22 infrared spectroscopy and, 19, 23-49 some implications of theories relating to the mechanisms of replacement reactions in, 9, 1-57 of the cyclitols, 3,45-77 of cyclitols containing four or five hydroxyl groups, 20,ll-65 of the 2-deoxy sugars, 8,45-I05 of heparin, 10, 335-368 of mucopolysaccharides and mucoproteins, 2, 161-201
541
of the nucleic acids, 1,193-245 of osazones, 20, 139-181 of osotriazoles, 18, 99-121 of pectic materials, 2,235-251 of ribose, 6,135-174 of streptomycin, 3, 337-384 of thio sugars, 18,123-199 physical, of carbohydrates, 15, 11-51 of starch, 11, 335-385 radiation, of carbohydrates, 16, 13-58 stereo-, of cyclic derivatives of carbohydrates, 10, 1-53 structural, of fungal polysaccharides, 23,367-417 of the hemicelluloses, 14,429-468 of polysaccharides, 15,53-89 Chitin, 15, 371-393 Chromatography, column. See Column chromatography. gas-liquid. See Gas-liquid chromatography. gel. See Gel chromatography. paper. See Paper chromatography. Color, of sugar products, 9,247-284 Column chromatography, of sugars and their derivatives, 10, 5594 Combustion, of cellulosic materials, 23, 419-474 Complexes, of carbohydrates, with alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals, 21, 20927 1 cuprammonium-glycoside, 6, 107134 Composition, of sugar solutions, 23, 11-57 Configuration, of carbohydrates, determination of 4, 189-210 of cyclitols, 3,45-77 of higher-carbon sugar alcohols, 1, 136 of sucrose, 4, 1-35 Confomiation, in formation of polysaccharide gels and networks, 24, 267-332 Conformational analysis, of sugars and their derivatives, 26, 49-125
542
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26
Conjugates, of D-glucuronic acid, 9, 185-246 of sugars with sphingosines, 24,381433 Constitution, of carbohydrates, 15,ll-51 Crystallinity, relative, of celluloses, 5, 103-126 Crystal-structure, analysis, in carbohydrate chemistry, 19, 7-22 data, for simple carbohydrates and their derivatives, 25, 53-107 Cuprammonium-glycoside complexes, 6, 107-134 Cyanohydrin synthesis, Fischer, 1, 1-36 Cyclic acetals, of the aldoses and aldosides, 20,219302 of hexitols, pentitols, and tetritols, 7, 137-207 of ketoses, 26, 197-277 Cyclic acyloxonium ions, in carbohydrate chemistry, 26,127-195 Cyclic derivatives, of carbohydrates, stereochemistry of, 10, 1-53 Cyclic monosaccharides, having nitrogen or sulfur in the ring, 23, 115-232 Cyclitols, 14, 135-212 chemistry and configuration of, 3,4577 containing four or five hydroxyl groups, chemical and physical studies of, 20, 11-65 D
Degradation, of acylated nitriles of aldonic acids, 4, 119-151 of carbohydrates, 19,181-218 enzymic, of glycogen and starch, 3, 251-310; 17,407-430 thermal, of starch, 22,483-515 3-Deoxyglycosones.See Clycosuloses, 3-deoxy-. 3-Deoxyglycosuloses.See Glycosuloses, 3-deoxy-. Deoxy sugars. See Sugars, deoxy.
Desulfurization, reductive, by Raney nickel, 5, 1-28 Dextran, structure and synthesis of, 15, 341-369 Dextrins, the Schardinger, 12, 189-260 Dextrose, commercial production of crystalline, 5, 127-143 “Dialdehydes,” from the periodate oxidation of carbohydrates, 16,105-158 Dicarbonyl derivatives, of carbohydrates, 17, 223-299 Difructose, anhydrides, 2,253-277 Disaccharides, enzymic synthesis of, 5,29-48 trehalose, 18, 201-225
E Electrophoresis, of carbohydrates, paper, 18,61-97 zone, 12,Bl-115 Enzymes. See aZso, Amylases, Galactosidases, P-Glucuronidase. acting on pectic substances, 5, 79-102 degradation by, of starch and glycogen, 3, 251-310; 17,407-430 specificity of, in the domain of carbohydrates.. 5.49-78 , starch degrading and synthesizing, 23, 281-366 synthesis by, of glycogen and starch, 17,371-407 of sucrose and other disaccharides, 5,29-48 Esters, of cellulose, with organic acids, 1, 309-327 glycopyranosyl, of nucleoside pyrophosphates, 18,309-356; 26, 351-483 beta-ketonic (and related substances), reactions with monosaccharides, 11, 97-143 nitric, of starch, 13,331-345 of starch, preparation and properties Of, 1,279-307 sulfonic, of carbohydrates, 8,107-215; 23,233-280; 24, 139-197
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26 Ethanol, 2-nitro-, syntheses with, 6, 291-318 Ethers, benzyl, of sugars, 12, 137-156 carboxymethyl, of cellulose, 9, 285302 of cellulose, 2, 279-294 methyl, of the aldopentoses, 7, 1-36; 10, 257-272 of 2-amino-2-deoxy sugars, 13, 189214 of fucose, 7, 1-36; 10, 257-272 of D-galactose, 6, 11-25, 10, 273-282 of D-glucose, 5,145-190 of hexuronic acids, 9, 131-148 ofD-mannose, 8, 217-230 of rhamnose, 7, 1-36; 10, 257-272 trityl, of carbohydrates, 3, 79-1 11
F Fat, metabolism of, 2, 119-160 Fischer, Emil, and his contribution to carbohydrate chemistry, 21, 1-38 Fischer, Hermann Otto Laurenz, obituary of, 17, 1-14 Formazan reaction, in Carbohydrate research, 13, 105-167 Formulas, stereo-, writing of, in a plane, 3, 1-22 Fractionation, of starch, 1, 247-277; 16, 299-333 Friedel-Crafts process, in the carbohydrate series, 6, 251-289 Fructans, 2,253-277 Fructofuranoside, a-D-ghcopyranosyl p-D-, 4, 1-35 Fructosans, poly-. See Fructans. Fructose, and its derivatives, 7,53-98; 22, 229305 di-, anhydrides, 2,253-277 Fucose, methyl ethers of, 7, 1-36; 10, 257-272 Fungal polysaccharides, structural chemistry of, 23,367-417 Furan compounds, formation from hexoses, 6, 83-106
543
G Galactose, methyl ethers of D-, 6, 11-25; 10, 273282 Galactosidases, 16, 239-298 Gas-liquid chromatography, of carbohydrate derivatives, 19, 95-147 Gel chromatography, of carbohydrates, 25, 13-51 Gels, polysaccharide, 24,267-332 Glucose. See also, Dextrose. biosynthesis of aromatic compounds from D-, 15, 235-270 methyl ethers of D-, 5, 145-190 Glucuronic acid, D-, chemical synthesis of, 8, 231-249 conjugates of, of animal origin, 9, 185246 in metabolism, 8, 251-275 P-Glucuronidase, preparation and properties of, 14, 381428 Glutose, 3, 113-128 Clycals, 7, 209-245 -, 2-hydroxy-, 9, 97-129 Glycofuranosides, 21,95-142 Glycogens, enzymic degradation of, 3, 251-310; 17,407-430 enzymic synthesis of, 17, 371-407 molecular structure of, 12, 261-298 Glycolipides, of acid-fast bacteria, 16, 207-238 Glycoproteins. See Proteins, glyco-. Glycopyranosyl esters, of nucleoside pyrophosphates (“sugar nucleotides”), biosynthesis of saccharides from, 18,309-356; 26, 351-483 Glycoside-cuprammonium complexes, 6, 107-134 Glycosides, acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of, 22, 25108 alkali-sensitive, 9, 59-95 cardiac, 1, 147-173 the sugars of, 17,65-120 methyl, of the common sugars, 12, 157-187 of the parsley plant, 4,57-74
544
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26
phenyl, of the common sugars, 12, 157-187 C-Glycosides. See C-Glycosyl compounds. Glycosiduronic acids, of animals, 9, 185-246 poly-, of plants, 1, 329-344 Glycosphingolipids, 24,381-433 Glycosones, 3-deoxy-. See Glycosuloses, 3-deoxy-. Glycosuloses, 3-deoxy-, and the degradation of carbohydrates, 19, 181-218 Glycosylamines, 10,95-168 Glycosyl azides, 16,85-103 C-Clycosyl compounds, naturally occurring, 18, 227-258; 20, 357-369 Glycosyl fluorides, 16, 85-103 Glycosyl halides, and their derivatives, 10,207-256 Goepp, Rudolph Maximilian, Jr., obituary of, 3, xv-xxiii Grignard process, in the carbohydrate series, 6, 251-289 Gums (see also, Hydrocofloids), 24, 333379 commercial, 13,265-287 of plants, 4,243-291
H Halogen oxidation. See Oxidation, halogen. Halogenated carbohydrates, 22,177-227 Haworth, Walter Norman, obituary of, 6,l-9 Hemicelluloses, structural chemistry of, 14,429-468 of wood, 19,247-302; 20,409-483 Heparin, chemistry of, 10,335-368 Heuser, Emil, obituary of, 15,l-9 Hexitols, acetals of, 7, 137-207 anhydrides of, 5, 191-228 and some of their derivatives, 4,21124 1 synthesis of, 2, 107-114 Hexofuranoses, l,g-anhydro-, 7,37-52
Hexosans, 7, 37-52 Hexoses. See also, Hexofuranoses. formation of furan compounds from, 6, 83-106 Hexuronic acids, methyl ethers of, 9, 131-148 Hibbert, Harold, obituary of, 16,l-11 History, of mutarotation, 23, 11-57 Honey, the sugars of, 25,285-309 Hudson, Claude Silbert, obituary of, 9, xiii-xviii Hyaluronic acid, biosynthesis of, 12,299-319 Hydrazones, of sugars, 3, 23-44 H ydrocolloids, commercial, polysaccharidic, 13, 265287 Hydrogen peroxide, action on carbohydrates and related compounds, 19, 149-179 Hydrolysis, acid-catalyzed, of glycosides, 22, 25108 Hydroxyl groups, relative reactivities of, 8, 1-44
I Infrared spectra, of carbohydrates, 12, 13-33 Infrared spectroscopy, and carbohydrate chemistry, 19, 23-49 Irvine, James Colquhoun, obituary of, 8, xi-xvii Isotopes, effects of, in mutarotation of sugars in solution, 24, 13-65 Isotopic tracers. See Tracers, isotopic.
K Ketals. See Acetals. Ketoses, cyclic acetals of, 26,197-277 Kinetics, basic, of mutarotation, 23, 11-57 Kojic acid, 11,145-183 Kuhn, Richard, obituary of, 24, 1-12
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26
L Lactose, 16, 159-206 Lead tetraacetate, action of, on the sugars, 14, 9-61 Levene, Phoebus Aaron Theodor, obituary of, 12, 1-12 Lipids, glycosphingo-. See Glycosphingolipids. Lobry de Bruyn-Alberda van Ekenstein transformation, 13,63-103
M Maillard reaction, 14,63-134 Mannose, methyl ethers of D-, 8, 217-230 Mass spectrometry, of carbohydrate derivatives, 21, 39-93 Materials, cellulosic, combustion and pyrolysis of, 23,419-474 Mechanism, in the formation of polysaccharide gels and networks, 24, 267-332 of replacement reactions in carbohydrate chemistry, 9, 1-57 Melezitose, 2, 1-36 structure of, 8,277-290 Metabolism, of carbohydrates, 2, 119-160 use of isotopic tracers in studying, 3, 229-250 of fat, 2, 119-160 of the sugar alcohols and their derivatives, 1, 175-192 D-ghcuronic acid in, 8,251-275 Methane, nitro-, syntheses with, 6,291-318 Methods, in structural polysaccharide chemistry, 15,53-89 Methyl ethers. See Ethers, methyl. Meyer, Kurt Heinrich, obituary of, 11, xiii-xviii Molasses, cane, 3, 113-128 cane final, composition of, 8,291-314 Molecular structure, of glycogens, 12,261-298 Mononucleotides, 22,307-419
545
Monosaccharides, biosynthesis of, 11, 185-262 cyclic, having nitrogen or sulfur in the ring, 23,115-232 reactions of, with beta-ketonic esters and related substances, 11, 97-143 Morphology, and biogenesis of cellulose and plant cell-walls, 26, 297-349 Mucilages (see ulso, Hydrocolloids), 24, 333-379 commercial, 13, 265-287 of plants, 4,243-291 Mucopolysaccharides. See Polysaccharides, muco-. Mucoproteins. See Proteins, muco-. Mutarotation, of sugars in solution: Part I. History, basic kinetics, and composition of sugar solutions, 23, 11-57 Part 11. Catalytic processes, isotope effects, reaction mechanisms, and biochemical aspects, 24,13-65 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, polysaccharides of, 3,311-336
N Neighboring-group participation, in sugars, 22,109-175 Networks, polysaccharide, 24,267-332 Neuberg, Carl, obituary of, 13, 1-7 Neuraminic acids, and related compounds, 13,237-263 Nickel, Raney. See Raney nickel. Nitrates, of starch, 13,331-345 of sugars, 12, 117-135 Nitriles, acylated, of aldonic acids, 4,119-151 Nitrogen heterocycles, synthesis from saccharide derivatives, 25,351-405 Nitro sugars. See Sugars, nitro. Nonulosaminic acids, 13, 237-263 Nuclear magnetic resonance, 19, 51-93 Nucleic acids, 1, 193-245; 11,285-333 Nucleosides, bacteriaI, 15, 201-234 purine, 17,301-369
546
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26
pyrimidine, 14,283-380 pyrophosphates, glycopyranosyl esters of, 18,309-356; 26,351-483 Nucleotides, bacterial, 15, 201-234 mono-, 22,307-419 0
Obituary, of Emile Bourquelot, 18, 1-8 of Emil Fischer, 21, 1-38 of Hermann Otto Laurenz Fischer, 17, 1-14 of Rudolph Maximilian Goepp, Jr., 3, xv-xxiii of Walter Norman Haworth, 6,l-9 of Emil Heuser, 15, 1-9 of Harold Hibbert, 16, 1-11 of Claude Silbert Hudson, 9, xiii-xviii of James Colquhoun Irvine, 8, xi-xvii of Richard Kuhn, 24,l-12 of Phoebus Aaron Theodor Levene, 12,l-12 of Kurt Heinrich Meyer, 11, xiii-xviii of Carl Neuberg, 13, 1-7 of Stanley Peat, 25,l-12 of Edmund George Vincent Percival, 10, xiii-xx of Clifford Burrough Purves, 23, 1-10 of Fred Smith, 22, 1-10 of John Clinton Sowden, 20,l-10 of Alva Thompson, 19, 1-6 of MelviIIe Lawrence Wolfrom, 26, 1-47 of GBza Z e m p h , 14, 1-8 Oligosaccharides, 17,121-167 the raffinose family of, 9, 149-184 synthesis of, 6,27-81 Orthoesters, of carbohydrates, 1,77-I27 Osazones, chemistry of, 20, 139-181 of sugars, 3,23-44 Osones, 11,43-96 Osotriazoles, chemistry of, 18,99-121 Oxidation, halogen, of simple carbohydrates, 3, 129-148 lead tetraacetate, of sugars, 14,9-61 periodate, of carbohydrates, 11, 1-41
the “dialdehydes” from, 16, 105-158 selective catalytic, of carbohydrates, employing platinum catalysts, 17, 169-221 Oxirane derivatives, of aldoses, 25, 109179 0 x 0 reaction, application to some carbohydrate derivatives, 23, 59-114 Oxygen ring, formation and cleavage of, in sugars, 13,9-61
P Paper chromatography, of carbohydrates and related compounds, 9,303-353 Paper electrophoresis, of carbohydrates, 18,61-97 Parsley, glycosides of the plant, 4,57-74 Participation, neighboring-group, in sugars, 22, 109175 Peat, Stanley, obituary of, 25,l-12 Pectic materials, chemistry of, 2,235-251 enzymes acting on, 5, 79-102 Pentitols, acetals of, 7, 137-207 anhydrides of, 5, 191-228 synthesis of, 2, 107-118 Percival, Edmund George Vincent, obituary of, 10, xiii-xx Periodate oxidation. See Oxidation, periodate. Phenol-carbohydrate derivatives, in higher plants, 20,371-408 Photochemistry, of carbohydrates, 18,9-59 Physical chemistry, of carbohydrates, 15,ll-51 of starch, 11, 335-385 Physical properties, of solutions of polysaccharides, 18, 357-398 Physical studies, of cyclitols containing four or five hydroxyl groups, 20, 11-65
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26 Plant-growth substances, effect on carbohydrate systems, 21, 377-430 Plants, cell walls of, morphology and biogenesis of, 26,297-349 glycosides of parsley, 4, 57-74 gums of, 4,243-291 mucilages of, 4,243-291 polyuronides of, 1, 329-344 Platinum. See Catalysts. Pneumococcal polysaccharides, 19,303357 Polyfructosans. See Fructans. Polyglycosiduronic acids. See Glycosiduronic acids, poly-. Polysaccharides. See also, Carbohydrates, Cellulose, Dextran, Dextrins, Fructans, Glycogen, Glycosiduronic acids (poly-), Pectic materials, Starch, and Xylan. alkaline degradation of, 13, 289-329 associated with wood cellulose, 10, 283-333 bacterial, 2, 203-233; 15,271-340 blood-group, 4, 37-55 chemical synthesis of, 21,431-512 fungal, structural chemistry of, 23, 367-417 gels and networks, role of structure, conformation, and mechanism, 24, 267-332 hydrocolloidal, 13, 265-287 methods in structural chemistry of, 15, 53-89 muco-, chemistry of, 2,161-201 of Gram-negative bacteria, 15,271-340 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 3, 311-336 of seaweeds, 8,315-350 physical properties of solutions of, 18, 357-398 pneumococcal, 19, 303-357 shape and size of molecules of, 7, 289-332; 11, 385-393 x-ray structure of, 22,421-482 Polyuronides, of plants, 1, 329-344 Preparation, of esters of starch, 1, 279-307 ofp-glucuronidase, 14,381-428
547
Properties, of 2-amino-2-deoxy sugars and their derivatives, 15, 159-200 of deoxy sugars and their simple derivatives, tables of, 26, 279-296 of esters of starch, 1, 279-307 of b-glucuronidase, 14,381-428 physical, of solutions of polysaccharides, 18, 357-398 physicochemical, of carbohydrates, 15, 11-51 Proteins, compounds with carbohydrates, in human urine, 24,435-452 glyco-, aspects of the structure and metabolism of, 25,407-478 muco-, chemistry of, 2,161-201 Psicose, 7,99-136 Purines, nucIeosides of, 17, 301-369 Purves, Clifford Burrough, obituary of, 23,l-10 Pyrimidines, nucleosides of, 14,283-380 Pyrolysis, of cellulosic materials, 23, 419-474
R Radiation, chemistry of carbohydrates, 16, 13-58 Raffinose, family of oligosaccharides, 9, 149-184 Raney nickel, reductive desulfurization by, 5,1-28 Reaction, the formazan, in carbohydrate research, 13, 105-167 the Maillard, 14, 63-134 the 0x0, application to some carbohydrate derivatives, 23, 59-114 Reactions, mechanisms of, in mutarotation of sugars in solution, 24, 13-65 of amino sugars with betu-dicarbonyl compounds, 20, 303-355 of cellulose, 19,219-246 of free sugars with aqueous ammonia, 25, 311-349 of monosaccharides with beta-ketonic
548
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26
esters and related substances, 11, 97-143 Reactivities, relative, of hydroxyl groups of carbohydrates, 8,1-44 Rearrangement, the Amadori, 10, 169-205 Reductions, biochemical, at the expense of sugars, 4,75-I17 Replacement reactions, mechanisms of, in carbohydrate chemistry,9, 1-57 Rhamnose, methyl ethers of, 7, 1-36; 10,257-272 Ribose, chemistry of, 6, 135-174 S
Saccharides, biosynthesis of, from glycopyranosyl esters of nucleoside pyropbosphates (“sugar nucleotides”), 18, 309-356; 26,351-483 synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles from, 25,351-405 Saccharification, of wood, 4,153-188 Saccharinic acids, 12,35-79 four-carbon, 13, 169-188 Schardinger dextrins, 12,189-260 Seaweeds, polysaccharides of, 8, 315-350 Seleno sugars. See Sugars, seleno. Shape, of some polysaccharide molecules, 7, 289-332; 11,385-393 Sialic acids, 13,237-263 Size, of some polysaccharide molecules, 7, 289-332; 11,385-393 Smith, Fred, obituary of, 22, 1-10 Soil, carbohydrates in, 16, 335-355 Solutions, of polysaccharides, physical properties of, 18, 357-398 of sugars, mutarotation of, 23, 11-57; 24, 13-65
Sorbose, 7,99-136 Sowden, John Clinton, obituary of, 20, 1-10 Specificity, of enzymes, in the domain of carbohydrates, 5, 49-78 Spectra, infrared, of carbohydrates, 12,13-33 Spectrometry, mass, of carbohydrate derivatives, 21, 39-93 Spectroscopy, infrared, and carbohydrate chemistry, 19,23-49 nuclear magnetic resonance, 19, 51-93 Sphingosines, conjugates with sugars, 24,381-433 Starch, degrading and synthesizing enzymes, 23,281-366 enzymic degradation of, 3, 251-310; 17,407-430 enzymic synthesis of, 17,371-407 fractionation of, 1, 247-277; 16, 299333 nitrates of, 13, 331-345 physical chemistry of, 11,335-385 preparation and properties of esters of, 1,279-307 thermal degradation of, 22,483-515 Stereochemistry, of cyclic derivatives of carbohydrates, 10,l-53 formulas, writing of, in a plane, 3, 1-22 Streptomycin, chemistry of, 3,337-384 Structural chemistry, of fungal polysaccharides, 23, 367-417 of the hemicelluloses, 14,429-468 Structure, molecular, of cellulose, 19, 219-246 of dextran, 15,341-369 of glycogens, 12,261-298 of polysaccharide gels and networks, 24,267-332 of sucrose, 4, 1-35 x-ray, of polysaccharides, 22,421-482 Sucrose. See also, Sugar. enzymic synthesis of, 5,29-48 structure and configuration of, 4, 1-35 utilization of, 4,293-336 Sugar,
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26 aconitic acid as by-product in manufacture of, 6, 231-249 Sugar alcohols. See also, Alditols, Hexitols, Pentitols, Tetritols. higher-carbon, configurations of, 1,136 and their derivatives, metabolism of, 1, 175-192 “Sugar nucleotides.” See Nucleoside pyrophosphates, glycopyranosyl esters of. Sugar products, color and turbidity of, 9,247-284 Sugar refining, granular adsorbents for, 6, 205-230 Sugars, action of lead tetraacetate on, 14, 9-61 amino, aspects of the chemistry of, 14,21328 1 derived from antibiotic substances, 18,259-308 methyl ethers of, 13, 189-214 properties of, 15,159-200 reactions with beta-dicarbonyl compounds, 20,303-355 2-amino. See Sugars, 2-amino-2-deoxy. 2-amino-2-deoxy, 7,247-288 2,5-anhydrides of, 25, 181-228 anhydro, chemistry of, 2, 37-77 benzyl ethers of, 12, 137-156 biochemical reductions at the expense of, 4,75-117 branched-chain, of natural occurrence, 11,263-283 of the cardiac glycosides, 17, 65-120 conjugates, with sphingosines, 24, 381-433 deoxy, 21,143-207 tables of the properties of, and their simple derivatives, 26,279-296 2-deoxy, 8,45-105 free, reactions with aqueous ammonia, 25, 311-349 higher-carbon, 17,15-63 configurations of, 1, 1-36 of honey, 25,285-309 hydrazones of, 3,23-44 methyl glycosides of the common, 12, 157-187
549
neighboring-group participation in, 22, 109-175 nitrates of, 12, 117-135 nitro, 24,67-138 osazones of, 3, 23-44 oxygen ring in, formation and cleavage of, 13,9-61 phenyl glycosides of the common, 12, 157-187 related to altrose, 1, 37-76 seleno, 1, 144-145 solutions of, mutarotation of, 23, 1157; 24, 13-65 sulfates of the simple, 20, 183-218 and their derivatives, column chromatography of, 10, 55-94 conformational analysis of, 26,49-125 thio, 1, 129-144 developments in the chemistry of, 18, 123-199 unsaturated, 20, 67-137; 24, 199-266 Sulfates, of the simple sugars, 20, 183-218 Sulfonic esters, of carbohydrates, 8,107-215; 23,233280; 24, 139-197 Synthesis, biochemical, of monosaccharides, 11, 185-262 of cardenolides, 21,273-321 chemical, of D-ghcuronic acid, 8, 231249 of polysaccharides, 21,431-512 of dextran, 15, 341-369 enzymic, of glycogen and starch, 17,371-407 of sucrose and other disaccharides, 5, 29-48 of nitrogen heterocycles from saccharide derivatives, 25, 351-405
T Tables, of the properties of deoxy sugars and their simple derivatives, 26, 279-296 Tagatose, 7,99-136 Teichoic acids, 21, 323-375 Tetritols, acetals of, 7, 137-207 Thiocarbonates,
550
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26
of carbohydrates, 15, 91-158 Thio sugars. See Sugars, thio. Thompson, Aha, obituary of, 19, 1-6 Tracers, isotopic, 3, 229-250 Transformation, the Lobry d e Bruyn-Alberda van Ekenstein, 13, 63-103 Trehaloses, 18,201-225 Trityl ethers, of carbohydrates, 3, 79-111 Turanose, 2, 1-36 Turbidity, of sugar products, 9, 247-284
U Unsaturated sugars. See Sugars, unsaturated. Ureides, glycosyl, 13, 215-236 Urine, human, protein-carbohydrate compounds in, 24,435-452
W
Wolfrom, Melville Lawrence, obituary of, 26,l-47 Wood, hernicelluloses of, 19, 247-302; 20, 409-483 polysaccharides associated with cellulose of, 10,283-333 saccharification of, 4,153-188
X X-Rays, crystal-structure analysis by, 19, 7-22 Xylan, 5, 269-290 Z
ZemplBn, G&a, obituary of, 14,l-8 Zone electrophoresis, of carbohydrates, 12, 81-115
20,219-302
of ketoses, 26,197-277 of hexitols, pentitols, and tetritols, 7,
137-207
Acetic acid, trifluoro-, anhydride, applications of, in carbohydrate chemistry, 16,59-84 Acetolysis, 22,ll-23 Aconitic acid, 6,231-249 Action pattern, of starch degrading and synthesizing enzymes, 23,281-366 Acyloxonium ions, cyclic, in carbohydrate chemistry, 26,
127-195 Adsorbents, granular, for sugar refining, 6,205-230 Alcohols, higher-carbon sugar, configurations of,
1,1-36
unsaturated polyhydric, 2,107-118 Alditols, anhydrides of, 25,229-283 Aldonic acids, acylated nitriles of, 4,119-151 Aldopentoses, methyl ethers of, 7,1-36;10,257-272 Aldoses, oxirane derivatives of, 25,109-
179
Aldoses and aldosides, cyclic acetals of, 20,219-302 AIkaline degradation, of polysaccharides, 13,289-329 Altrose, group of compounds related to, 1,37-
76
Amadori rearrangement, 10,169-205 Amino sugars. See Sugars, 2-amino-2deoxy. Ammonia, aqueous, reactions with free sugars, 25,311-349 Amylases, certain alpha, 5,229-268
Analysis, conformational, of sugars and their derivatives, 26,49-125 of crystal structure, in carbohydrate chemistry, 19,7-22 Anhydrides, of sugars, 25,181-228 2,5-, difructose, 2,253-277 of alditols, 25,229-283 of aldoses, 25,109-179 of hexitols, 5,191-228 of pentitols, 5,191-228 Anhydro sugars. See Sugars, anhydro. Animals, conjugates of D-ghcuronic acid originating in, 9, 185-246 Antibiotic substances, chemistry of the amino sugars derived from, 18,259-308 Apiose, 4,57-74 Ascorbic acid, analogs of, 2,79-106 Aromatic compounds, biosynthesis of, from D-glucose, 15,
235-270
B Bacteria, glycolipides of acid-fast, 16,207-238 nucleosides and nucleotides of, 15,
201-234
polysaccharides from, 2,203-233;3,
311-336
polysaccharides of Gram-negative, 15,
271-340
Benzirnidazoles,
2-(uldo-polyhydroxyaIkyl)-, 6,175-203
Benzyl ethers, of sugars, 12,137-156 Biochemical aspects, of mutarotation of sugars in solution,
24,13-65
Biochemical reductions, at the expense of sugars, 4,75-117
539
540
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26
Biogenesis, and morphology, of cellulose and plant cell-walls, 26, 297-349 Biosynthesis, of aromatic compounds from D-glucose, 15,235-270 of hyaluronic acid, 12, 299-319 of the monosaccharides, 11,185-262 of saccharides, from glycopyranosyl esters of nucleoside pyrophosphates (“sugar nucleotides”), 18, 309-356; 26,351-483 Blood groups, polysaccharides of, 4,37-55 Boric acid, for determining configuration of carbohydrates, 4, 189-210 Bourquelot, Emile, obituary of, 18,l-8 Branched-chain sugars. See Sugars, branched-chain. C
Cane juice, composition of, 8,291-314 Cane molasses. See Molasses, cane. Carbohydrates, action of hydrogen peroxide on, 19, 149-179 application of reductive desulfurization by Raney nickel, in the field of, 5, 1-28 application of trifluoroacetic anhydride in chemistry of, 16,59-84 application of the 0 x 0 reaction to some derivatives of, 23,59-114 as components of cardiac glycosides, 1,147-173 carbonates of, 15,91-158 chemistry of, Emil Fischer and his contribution to, 21,l-38 complexes of, with alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals, 21, 209-271 compounds with proteins, in human urine, 24,435-452 constitution of, 15, 11-51 crystal-structure analysis of, 19, 7-22 crystal-structure data for, 25,53-107 cyclic acyloxonium ions, in the chemistry of, 26,127-195
degradation of, 19, 181-218 determination of configuration of, with boric acid, 4,189-210 dicarbonyl, 17,223-299 enzyme specificity in the domain of, 5,49-78 formazan reaction, in research on, 13, 105-167 Friedel-Crafts and Grignard processes applied to, 6,251-289 gas-liquid chromatography of derivatives of, 19,95-147 gel chromatography of, 25, 13-51 halogen oxidation of simple, 3,129184 halogenated, 22, 177-227 infrared spectra of, 12, 13-33 infrared spectroscopy of, 19,23-49 mass spectrometry of derivatives of, 21,39-93 mechanisms of replacement reactions in chemistry of, 9, 1-57 metabolism of, 2, 119-160; 3, 229-250 orthoesters of, 1, 77-127 paper electrophoresis of, 18, 61-97 periodate oxidation of, 11, 1-41 the “dialdehydes” from, 16, 105-158 phenol derivatives, in higher plants, 20, 371-408 photochemistry of, 18,9-59 physicochemical properties of, 15, 1151 radiation chemistry of, 16, 13-58 and related compounds, action of hydrogen peroxide on, 19,149-179 paper chromatography of, 9, 303-353 relative reactivities of hydroxyl groups of, 8, 1-44 selective catalytic oxidation of, employing platinum catalysts, 17, 169-221 in the soil, 16, 335-355 stereochemistry of cyclic derivatives Of, 10,l-53 sulfonic esters of, 8, 107-215; 23, 233280; 24, 139-197 systems, effects of plant-growth substances on, 21,377-430 thiocarbonates of, 15, 91-158 trityl ethers of, 3, 79-111 zone electrophoresis of, 12, 81-115
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26 Carbonates, of carbohydrates, 15,91-I58 Carboxymethyl ether, of cellulose, 9, 285-302 Cardenolides. See also, Glycosides, cardiac. synthetic, 21,273-321 Catalysts, effects of, in mutarotation of sugars in solution, 24, 13-65 platinum, in selective catalytic oxidation of carbohydrates, 17, 16922 1 Cellulose, carboxymethyl-, 9, 285-302 esters of, with organic acids, 1, 309327 ethers of, 2,279-294 molecular constitution of, 3, 185-228 and plant cell-walls, morphology and hiogenesis of, 26, 297-349 of wood, polysaccharides associated with, 10,283-333 Celluloses, relative crystallinity of, 5, 103-126 some reactions of, 19, 219-246 structure of, 19, 219-246 Cellulosic materials, combustion and pyrolysis of, 23, 419474 Chemistry, of the amino sugars, 14,213-281 of the 2-amino sugars, 7,247-288 of anhydro sugars, 2,37-77 of carbohydrates, applications of trifluoroacetic anhydride in, 16, 5984 Emil Fischer and his contribution to, 21, 1-38 crystal-structure analysis in, 19, 7-22 infrared spectroscopy and, 19, 23-49 some implications of theories relating to the mechanisms of replacement reactions in, 9, 1-57 of the cyclitols, 3,45-77 of cyclitols containing four or five hydroxyl groups, 20,ll-65 of the 2-deoxy sugars, 8,45-I05 of heparin, 10, 335-368 of mucopolysaccharides and mucoproteins, 2, 161-201
541
of the nucleic acids, 1,193-245 of osazones, 20, 139-181 of osotriazoles, 18, 99-121 of pectic materials, 2,235-251 of ribose, 6,135-174 of streptomycin, 3, 337-384 of thio sugars, 18,123-199 physical, of carbohydrates, 15, 11-51 of starch, 11, 335-385 radiation, of carbohydrates, 16, 13-58 stereo-, of cyclic derivatives of carbohydrates, 10, 1-53 structural, of fungal polysaccharides, 23,367-417 of the hemicelluloses, 14,429-468 of polysaccharides, 15,53-89 Chitin, 15, 371-393 Chromatography, column. See Column chromatography. gas-liquid. See Gas-liquid chromatography. gel. See Gel chromatography. paper. See Paper chromatography. Color, of sugar products, 9,247-284 Column chromatography, of sugars and their derivatives, 10, 5594 Combustion, of cellulosic materials, 23, 419-474 Complexes, of carbohydrates, with alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals, 21, 20927 1 cuprammonium-glycoside, 6, 107134 Composition, of sugar solutions, 23, 11-57 Configuration, of carbohydrates, determination of 4, 189-210 of cyclitols, 3,45-77 of higher-carbon sugar alcohols, 1, 136 of sucrose, 4, 1-35 Confomiation, in formation of polysaccharide gels and networks, 24, 267-332 Conformational analysis, of sugars and their derivatives, 26, 49-125
542
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26
Conjugates, of D-glucuronic acid, 9, 185-246 of sugars with sphingosines, 24,381433 Constitution, of carbohydrates, 15,ll-51 Crystallinity, relative, of celluloses, 5, 103-126 Crystal-structure, analysis, in carbohydrate chemistry, 19, 7-22 data, for simple carbohydrates and their derivatives, 25, 53-107 Cuprammonium-glycoside complexes, 6, 107-134 Cyanohydrin synthesis, Fischer, 1, 1-36 Cyclic acetals, of the aldoses and aldosides, 20,219302 of hexitols, pentitols, and tetritols, 7, 137-207 of ketoses, 26, 197-277 Cyclic acyloxonium ions, in carbohydrate chemistry, 26,127-195 Cyclic derivatives, of carbohydrates, stereochemistry of, 10, 1-53 Cyclic monosaccharides, having nitrogen or sulfur in the ring, 23, 115-232 Cyclitols, 14, 135-212 chemistry and configuration of, 3,4577 containing four or five hydroxyl groups, chemical and physical studies of, 20, 11-65 D
Degradation, of acylated nitriles of aldonic acids, 4, 119-151 of carbohydrates, 19,181-218 enzymic, of glycogen and starch, 3, 251-310; 17,407-430 thermal, of starch, 22,483-515 3-Deoxyglycosones.See Clycosuloses, 3-deoxy-. 3-Deoxyglycosuloses.See Glycosuloses, 3-deoxy-. Deoxy sugars. See Sugars, deoxy.
Desulfurization, reductive, by Raney nickel, 5, 1-28 Dextran, structure and synthesis of, 15, 341-369 Dextrins, the Schardinger, 12, 189-260 Dextrose, commercial production of crystalline, 5, 127-143 “Dialdehydes,” from the periodate oxidation of carbohydrates, 16,105-158 Dicarbonyl derivatives, of carbohydrates, 17, 223-299 Difructose, anhydrides, 2,253-277 Disaccharides, enzymic synthesis of, 5,29-48 trehalose, 18, 201-225
E Electrophoresis, of carbohydrates, paper, 18,61-97 zone, 12,Bl-115 Enzymes. See aZso, Amylases, Galactosidases, P-Glucuronidase. acting on pectic substances, 5, 79-102 degradation by, of starch and glycogen, 3, 251-310; 17,407-430 specificity of, in the domain of carbohydrates.. 5.49-78 , starch degrading and synthesizing, 23, 281-366 synthesis by, of glycogen and starch, 17,371-407 of sucrose and other disaccharides, 5,29-48 Esters, of cellulose, with organic acids, 1, 309-327 glycopyranosyl, of nucleoside pyrophosphates, 18,309-356; 26, 351-483 beta-ketonic (and related substances), reactions with monosaccharides, 11, 97-143 nitric, of starch, 13,331-345 of starch, preparation and properties Of, 1,279-307 sulfonic, of carbohydrates, 8,107-215; 23,233-280; 24, 139-197
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26 Ethanol, 2-nitro-, syntheses with, 6, 291-318 Ethers, benzyl, of sugars, 12, 137-156 carboxymethyl, of cellulose, 9, 285302 of cellulose, 2, 279-294 methyl, of the aldopentoses, 7, 1-36; 10, 257-272 of 2-amino-2-deoxy sugars, 13, 189214 of fucose, 7, 1-36; 10, 257-272 of D-galactose, 6, 11-25, 10, 273-282 of D-glucose, 5,145-190 of hexuronic acids, 9, 131-148 ofD-mannose, 8, 217-230 of rhamnose, 7, 1-36; 10, 257-272 trityl, of carbohydrates, 3, 79-1 11
F Fat, metabolism of, 2, 119-160 Fischer, Emil, and his contribution to carbohydrate chemistry, 21, 1-38 Fischer, Hermann Otto Laurenz, obituary of, 17, 1-14 Formazan reaction, in Carbohydrate research, 13, 105-167 Formulas, stereo-, writing of, in a plane, 3, 1-22 Fractionation, of starch, 1, 247-277; 16, 299-333 Friedel-Crafts process, in the carbohydrate series, 6, 251-289 Fructans, 2,253-277 Fructofuranoside, a-D-ghcopyranosyl p-D-, 4, 1-35 Fructosans, poly-. See Fructans. Fructose, and its derivatives, 7,53-98; 22, 229305 di-, anhydrides, 2,253-277 Fucose, methyl ethers of, 7, 1-36; 10, 257-272 Fungal polysaccharides, structural chemistry of, 23,367-417 Furan compounds, formation from hexoses, 6, 83-106
543
G Galactose, methyl ethers of D-, 6, 11-25; 10, 273282 Galactosidases, 16, 239-298 Gas-liquid chromatography, of carbohydrate derivatives, 19, 95-147 Gel chromatography, of carbohydrates, 25, 13-51 Gels, polysaccharide, 24,267-332 Glucose. See also, Dextrose. biosynthesis of aromatic compounds from D-, 15, 235-270 methyl ethers of D-, 5, 145-190 Glucuronic acid, D-, chemical synthesis of, 8, 231-249 conjugates of, of animal origin, 9, 185246 in metabolism, 8, 251-275 P-Glucuronidase, preparation and properties of, 14, 381428 Glutose, 3, 113-128 Clycals, 7, 209-245 -, 2-hydroxy-, 9, 97-129 Glycofuranosides, 21,95-142 Glycogens, enzymic degradation of, 3, 251-310; 17,407-430 enzymic synthesis of, 17, 371-407 molecular structure of, 12, 261-298 Glycolipides, of acid-fast bacteria, 16, 207-238 Glycoproteins. See Proteins, glyco-. Glycopyranosyl esters, of nucleoside pyrophosphates (“sugar nucleotides”), biosynthesis of saccharides from, 18,309-356; 26, 351-483 Glycoside-cuprammonium complexes, 6, 107-134 Glycosides, acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of, 22, 25108 alkali-sensitive, 9, 59-95 cardiac, 1, 147-173 the sugars of, 17,65-120 methyl, of the common sugars, 12, 157-187 of the parsley plant, 4,57-74
544
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26
phenyl, of the common sugars, 12, 157-187 C-Glycosides. See C-Glycosyl compounds. Glycosiduronic acids, of animals, 9, 185-246 poly-, of plants, 1, 329-344 Glycosphingolipids, 24,381-433 Glycosones, 3-deoxy-. See Glycosuloses, 3-deoxy-. Glycosuloses, 3-deoxy-, and the degradation of carbohydrates, 19, 181-218 Glycosylamines, 10,95-168 Glycosyl azides, 16,85-103 C-Clycosyl compounds, naturally occurring, 18, 227-258; 20, 357-369 Glycosyl fluorides, 16, 85-103 Glycosyl halides, and their derivatives, 10,207-256 Goepp, Rudolph Maximilian, Jr., obituary of, 3, xv-xxiii Grignard process, in the carbohydrate series, 6, 251-289 Gums (see also, Hydrocofloids), 24, 333379 commercial, 13,265-287 of plants, 4,243-291
H Halogen oxidation. See Oxidation, halogen. Halogenated carbohydrates, 22,177-227 Haworth, Walter Norman, obituary of, 6,l-9 Hemicelluloses, structural chemistry of, 14,429-468 of wood, 19,247-302; 20,409-483 Heparin, chemistry of, 10,335-368 Heuser, Emil, obituary of, 15,l-9 Hexitols, acetals of, 7, 137-207 anhydrides of, 5, 191-228 and some of their derivatives, 4,21124 1 synthesis of, 2, 107-114 Hexofuranoses, l,g-anhydro-, 7,37-52
Hexosans, 7, 37-52 Hexoses. See also, Hexofuranoses. formation of furan compounds from, 6, 83-106 Hexuronic acids, methyl ethers of, 9, 131-148 Hibbert, Harold, obituary of, 16,l-11 History, of mutarotation, 23, 11-57 Honey, the sugars of, 25,285-309 Hudson, Claude Silbert, obituary of, 9, xiii-xviii Hyaluronic acid, biosynthesis of, 12,299-319 Hydrazones, of sugars, 3, 23-44 H ydrocolloids, commercial, polysaccharidic, 13, 265287 Hydrogen peroxide, action on carbohydrates and related compounds, 19, 149-179 Hydrolysis, acid-catalyzed, of glycosides, 22, 25108 Hydroxyl groups, relative reactivities of, 8, 1-44
I Infrared spectra, of carbohydrates, 12, 13-33 Infrared spectroscopy, and carbohydrate chemistry, 19, 23-49 Irvine, James Colquhoun, obituary of, 8, xi-xvii Isotopes, effects of, in mutarotation of sugars in solution, 24, 13-65 Isotopic tracers. See Tracers, isotopic.
K Ketals. See Acetals. Ketoses, cyclic acetals of, 26,197-277 Kinetics, basic, of mutarotation, 23, 11-57 Kojic acid, 11,145-183 Kuhn, Richard, obituary of, 24, 1-12
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26
L Lactose, 16, 159-206 Lead tetraacetate, action of, on the sugars, 14, 9-61 Levene, Phoebus Aaron Theodor, obituary of, 12, 1-12 Lipids, glycosphingo-. See Glycosphingolipids. Lobry de Bruyn-Alberda van Ekenstein transformation, 13,63-103
M Maillard reaction, 14,63-134 Mannose, methyl ethers of D-, 8, 217-230 Mass spectrometry, of carbohydrate derivatives, 21, 39-93 Materials, cellulosic, combustion and pyrolysis of, 23,419-474 Mechanism, in the formation of polysaccharide gels and networks, 24, 267-332 of replacement reactions in carbohydrate chemistry, 9, 1-57 Melezitose, 2, 1-36 structure of, 8,277-290 Metabolism, of carbohydrates, 2, 119-160 use of isotopic tracers in studying, 3, 229-250 of fat, 2, 119-160 of the sugar alcohols and their derivatives, 1, 175-192 D-ghcuronic acid in, 8,251-275 Methane, nitro-, syntheses with, 6,291-318 Methods, in structural polysaccharide chemistry, 15,53-89 Methyl ethers. See Ethers, methyl. Meyer, Kurt Heinrich, obituary of, 11, xiii-xviii Molasses, cane, 3, 113-128 cane final, composition of, 8,291-314 Molecular structure, of glycogens, 12,261-298 Mononucleotides, 22,307-419
545
Monosaccharides, biosynthesis of, 11, 185-262 cyclic, having nitrogen or sulfur in the ring, 23,115-232 reactions of, with beta-ketonic esters and related substances, 11, 97-143 Morphology, and biogenesis of cellulose and plant cell-walls, 26, 297-349 Mucilages (see ulso, Hydrocolloids), 24, 333-379 commercial, 13, 265-287 of plants, 4,243-291 Mucopolysaccharides. See Polysaccharides, muco-. Mucoproteins. See Proteins, muco-. Mutarotation, of sugars in solution: Part I. History, basic kinetics, and composition of sugar solutions, 23, 11-57 Part 11. Catalytic processes, isotope effects, reaction mechanisms, and biochemical aspects, 24,13-65 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, polysaccharides of, 3,311-336
N Neighboring-group participation, in sugars, 22,109-175 Networks, polysaccharide, 24,267-332 Neuberg, Carl, obituary of, 13, 1-7 Neuraminic acids, and related compounds, 13,237-263 Nickel, Raney. See Raney nickel. Nitrates, of starch, 13,331-345 of sugars, 12, 117-135 Nitriles, acylated, of aldonic acids, 4,119-151 Nitrogen heterocycles, synthesis from saccharide derivatives, 25,351-405 Nitro sugars. See Sugars, nitro. Nonulosaminic acids, 13, 237-263 Nuclear magnetic resonance, 19, 51-93 Nucleic acids, 1, 193-245; 11,285-333 Nucleosides, bacteriaI, 15, 201-234 purine, 17,301-369
546
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26
pyrimidine, 14,283-380 pyrophosphates, glycopyranosyl esters of, 18,309-356; 26,351-483 Nucleotides, bacterial, 15, 201-234 mono-, 22,307-419 0
Obituary, of Emile Bourquelot, 18, 1-8 of Emil Fischer, 21, 1-38 of Hermann Otto Laurenz Fischer, 17, 1-14 of Rudolph Maximilian Goepp, Jr., 3, xv-xxiii of Walter Norman Haworth, 6,l-9 of Emil Heuser, 15, 1-9 of Harold Hibbert, 16, 1-11 of Claude Silbert Hudson, 9, xiii-xviii of James Colquhoun Irvine, 8, xi-xvii of Richard Kuhn, 24,l-12 of Phoebus Aaron Theodor Levene, 12,l-12 of Kurt Heinrich Meyer, 11, xiii-xviii of Carl Neuberg, 13, 1-7 of Stanley Peat, 25,l-12 of Edmund George Vincent Percival, 10, xiii-xx of Clifford Burrough Purves, 23, 1-10 of Fred Smith, 22, 1-10 of John Clinton Sowden, 20,l-10 of Alva Thompson, 19, 1-6 of MelviIIe Lawrence Wolfrom, 26, 1-47 of GBza Z e m p h , 14, 1-8 Oligosaccharides, 17,121-167 the raffinose family of, 9, 149-184 synthesis of, 6,27-81 Orthoesters, of carbohydrates, 1,77-I27 Osazones, chemistry of, 20, 139-181 of sugars, 3,23-44 Osones, 11,43-96 Osotriazoles, chemistry of, 18,99-121 Oxidation, halogen, of simple carbohydrates, 3, 129-148 lead tetraacetate, of sugars, 14,9-61 periodate, of carbohydrates, 11, 1-41
the “dialdehydes” from, 16, 105-158 selective catalytic, of carbohydrates, employing platinum catalysts, 17, 169-221 Oxirane derivatives, of aldoses, 25, 109179 0 x 0 reaction, application to some carbohydrate derivatives, 23, 59-114 Oxygen ring, formation and cleavage of, in sugars, 13,9-61
P Paper chromatography, of carbohydrates and related compounds, 9,303-353 Paper electrophoresis, of carbohydrates, 18,61-97 Parsley, glycosides of the plant, 4,57-74 Participation, neighboring-group, in sugars, 22, 109175 Peat, Stanley, obituary of, 25,l-12 Pectic materials, chemistry of, 2,235-251 enzymes acting on, 5, 79-102 Pentitols, acetals of, 7, 137-207 anhydrides of, 5, 191-228 synthesis of, 2, 107-118 Percival, Edmund George Vincent, obituary of, 10, xiii-xx Periodate oxidation. See Oxidation, periodate. Phenol-carbohydrate derivatives, in higher plants, 20,371-408 Photochemistry, of carbohydrates, 18,9-59 Physical chemistry, of carbohydrates, 15,ll-51 of starch, 11, 335-385 Physical properties, of solutions of polysaccharides, 18, 357-398 Physical studies, of cyclitols containing four or five hydroxyl groups, 20, 11-65
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26 Plant-growth substances, effect on carbohydrate systems, 21, 377-430 Plants, cell walls of, morphology and biogenesis of, 26,297-349 glycosides of parsley, 4, 57-74 gums of, 4,243-291 mucilages of, 4,243-291 polyuronides of, 1, 329-344 Platinum. See Catalysts. Pneumococcal polysaccharides, 19,303357 Polyfructosans. See Fructans. Polyglycosiduronic acids. See Glycosiduronic acids, poly-. Polysaccharides. See also, Carbohydrates, Cellulose, Dextran, Dextrins, Fructans, Glycogen, Glycosiduronic acids (poly-), Pectic materials, Starch, and Xylan. alkaline degradation of, 13, 289-329 associated with wood cellulose, 10, 283-333 bacterial, 2, 203-233; 15,271-340 blood-group, 4, 37-55 chemical synthesis of, 21,431-512 fungal, structural chemistry of, 23, 367-417 gels and networks, role of structure, conformation, and mechanism, 24, 267-332 hydrocolloidal, 13, 265-287 methods in structural chemistry of, 15, 53-89 muco-, chemistry of, 2,161-201 of Gram-negative bacteria, 15,271-340 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 3, 311-336 of seaweeds, 8,315-350 physical properties of solutions of, 18, 357-398 pneumococcal, 19, 303-357 shape and size of molecules of, 7, 289-332; 11, 385-393 x-ray structure of, 22,421-482 Polyuronides, of plants, 1, 329-344 Preparation, of esters of starch, 1, 279-307 ofp-glucuronidase, 14,381-428
547
Properties, of 2-amino-2-deoxy sugars and their derivatives, 15, 159-200 of deoxy sugars and their simple derivatives, tables of, 26, 279-296 of esters of starch, 1, 279-307 of b-glucuronidase, 14,381-428 physical, of solutions of polysaccharides, 18, 357-398 physicochemical, of carbohydrates, 15, 11-51 Proteins, compounds with carbohydrates, in human urine, 24,435-452 glyco-, aspects of the structure and metabolism of, 25,407-478 muco-, chemistry of, 2,161-201 Psicose, 7,99-136 Purines, nucIeosides of, 17, 301-369 Purves, Clifford Burrough, obituary of, 23,l-10 Pyrimidines, nucleosides of, 14,283-380 Pyrolysis, of cellulosic materials, 23, 419-474
R Radiation, chemistry of carbohydrates, 16, 13-58 Raffinose, family of oligosaccharides, 9, 149-184 Raney nickel, reductive desulfurization by, 5,1-28 Reaction, the formazan, in carbohydrate research, 13, 105-167 the Maillard, 14, 63-134 the 0x0, application to some carbohydrate derivatives, 23, 59-114 Reactions, mechanisms of, in mutarotation of sugars in solution, 24, 13-65 of amino sugars with betu-dicarbonyl compounds, 20, 303-355 of cellulose, 19,219-246 of free sugars with aqueous ammonia, 25, 311-349 of monosaccharides with beta-ketonic
548
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26
esters and related substances, 11, 97-143 Reactivities, relative, of hydroxyl groups of carbohydrates, 8,1-44 Rearrangement, the Amadori, 10, 169-205 Reductions, biochemical, at the expense of sugars, 4,75-I17 Replacement reactions, mechanisms of, in carbohydrate chemistry,9, 1-57 Rhamnose, methyl ethers of, 7, 1-36; 10,257-272 Ribose, chemistry of, 6, 135-174 S
Saccharides, biosynthesis of, from glycopyranosyl esters of nucleoside pyropbosphates (“sugar nucleotides”), 18, 309-356; 26,351-483 synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles from, 25,351-405 Saccharification, of wood, 4,153-188 Saccharinic acids, 12,35-79 four-carbon, 13, 169-188 Schardinger dextrins, 12,189-260 Seaweeds, polysaccharides of, 8, 315-350 Seleno sugars. See Sugars, seleno. Shape, of some polysaccharide molecules, 7, 289-332; 11,385-393 Sialic acids, 13,237-263 Size, of some polysaccharide molecules, 7, 289-332; 11,385-393 Smith, Fred, obituary of, 22, 1-10 Soil, carbohydrates in, 16, 335-355 Solutions, of polysaccharides, physical properties of, 18, 357-398 of sugars, mutarotation of, 23, 11-57; 24, 13-65
Sorbose, 7,99-136 Sowden, John Clinton, obituary of, 20, 1-10 Specificity, of enzymes, in the domain of carbohydrates, 5, 49-78 Spectra, infrared, of carbohydrates, 12,13-33 Spectrometry, mass, of carbohydrate derivatives, 21, 39-93 Spectroscopy, infrared, and carbohydrate chemistry, 19,23-49 nuclear magnetic resonance, 19, 51-93 Sphingosines, conjugates with sugars, 24,381-433 Starch, degrading and synthesizing enzymes, 23,281-366 enzymic degradation of, 3, 251-310; 17,407-430 enzymic synthesis of, 17,371-407 fractionation of, 1, 247-277; 16, 299333 nitrates of, 13, 331-345 physical chemistry of, 11,335-385 preparation and properties of esters of, 1,279-307 thermal degradation of, 22,483-515 Stereochemistry, of cyclic derivatives of carbohydrates, 10,l-53 formulas, writing of, in a plane, 3, 1-22 Streptomycin, chemistry of, 3,337-384 Structural chemistry, of fungal polysaccharides, 23, 367-417 of the hemicelluloses, 14,429-468 Structure, molecular, of cellulose, 19, 219-246 of dextran, 15,341-369 of glycogens, 12,261-298 of polysaccharide gels and networks, 24,267-332 of sucrose, 4, 1-35 x-ray, of polysaccharides, 22,421-482 Sucrose. See also, Sugar. enzymic synthesis of, 5,29-48 structure and configuration of, 4, 1-35 utilization of, 4,293-336 Sugar,
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26 aconitic acid as by-product in manufacture of, 6, 231-249 Sugar alcohols. See also, Alditols, Hexitols, Pentitols, Tetritols. higher-carbon, configurations of, 1,136 and their derivatives, metabolism of, 1, 175-192 “Sugar nucleotides.” See Nucleoside pyrophosphates, glycopyranosyl esters of. Sugar products, color and turbidity of, 9,247-284 Sugar refining, granular adsorbents for, 6, 205-230 Sugars, action of lead tetraacetate on, 14, 9-61 amino, aspects of the chemistry of, 14,21328 1 derived from antibiotic substances, 18,259-308 methyl ethers of, 13, 189-214 properties of, 15,159-200 reactions with beta-dicarbonyl compounds, 20,303-355 2-amino. See Sugars, 2-amino-2-deoxy. 2-amino-2-deoxy, 7,247-288 2,5-anhydrides of, 25, 181-228 anhydro, chemistry of, 2, 37-77 benzyl ethers of, 12, 137-156 biochemical reductions at the expense of, 4,75-117 branched-chain, of natural occurrence, 11,263-283 of the cardiac glycosides, 17, 65-120 conjugates, with sphingosines, 24, 381-433 deoxy, 21,143-207 tables of the properties of, and their simple derivatives, 26,279-296 2-deoxy, 8,45-105 free, reactions with aqueous ammonia, 25, 311-349 higher-carbon, 17,15-63 configurations of, 1, 1-36 of honey, 25,285-309 hydrazones of, 3,23-44 methyl glycosides of the common, 12, 157-187
549
neighboring-group participation in, 22, 109-175 nitrates of, 12, 117-135 nitro, 24,67-138 osazones of, 3, 23-44 oxygen ring in, formation and cleavage of, 13,9-61 phenyl glycosides of the common, 12, 157-187 related to altrose, 1, 37-76 seleno, 1, 144-145 solutions of, mutarotation of, 23, 1157; 24, 13-65 sulfates of the simple, 20, 183-218 and their derivatives, column chromatography of, 10, 55-94 conformational analysis of, 26,49-125 thio, 1, 129-144 developments in the chemistry of, 18, 123-199 unsaturated, 20, 67-137; 24, 199-266 Sulfates, of the simple sugars, 20, 183-218 Sulfonic esters, of carbohydrates, 8,107-215; 23,233280; 24, 139-197 Synthesis, biochemical, of monosaccharides, 11, 185-262 of cardenolides, 21,273-321 chemical, of D-ghcuronic acid, 8, 231249 of polysaccharides, 21,431-512 of dextran, 15, 341-369 enzymic, of glycogen and starch, 17,371-407 of sucrose and other disaccharides, 5, 29-48 of nitrogen heterocycles from saccharide derivatives, 25, 351-405
T Tables, of the properties of deoxy sugars and their simple derivatives, 26, 279-296 Tagatose, 7,99-136 Teichoic acids, 21, 323-375 Tetritols, acetals of, 7, 137-207 Thiocarbonates,
550
CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLS. 1-26
of carbohydrates, 15, 91-158 Thio sugars. See Sugars, thio. Thompson, Aha, obituary of, 19, 1-6 Tracers, isotopic, 3, 229-250 Transformation, the Lobry d e Bruyn-Alberda van Ekenstein, 13, 63-103 Trehaloses, 18,201-225 Trityl ethers, of carbohydrates, 3, 79-111 Turanose, 2, 1-36 Turbidity, of sugar products, 9, 247-284
U Unsaturated sugars. See Sugars, unsaturated. Ureides, glycosyl, 13, 215-236 Urine, human, protein-carbohydrate compounds in, 24,435-452
W
Wolfrom, Melville Lawrence, obituary of, 26,l-47 Wood, hernicelluloses of, 19, 247-302; 20, 409-483 polysaccharides associated with cellulose of, 10,283-333 saccharification of, 4,153-188
X X-Rays, crystal-structure analysis by, 19, 7-22 Xylan, 5, 269-290 Z
ZemplBn, G&a, obituary of, 14,l-8 Zone electrophoresis, of carbohydrates, 12, 81-115