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Das leicht hirngeschädigte Kind. Eine typologische und statistische untersuchung unter besonderer berücksichtigung soziologischer Faktoren
Journal of the neurological
111
Sciences
Elsevler Publishing Company, Amsterdam - Printed in The Netherlands
Book Reviews by G. F. GREINER, M COLLARD, 336 pages, 79 dlustrations, 43 electronystagmograms, Doin, Paris, 1969, 22 ;: 27 cm, F 130~. Diagnosis of vestlbular disorders IS largely based upon the clinical history, otoneurological, neuroradlologlcal 01 electroencephalographic examlnation. Vertigo In Its widest sensels thesymptom, and manifest or latent nystagmus the physical sign of these disturbances. Spontaneous and Induced nystagmus have therefore been studled for many years m the hope that the characteristics of the observed nystagmus may enable a more precise anatomlcal localisation of the lesion to be obtained Electlonystagmography when correctly performed ehmmates observe1 error and can accurately record the characteristics of the nystagmus not only with the eyes open but also with them closed. Furthermore, records may be obtained m darkness and durmg displacement of the patient as m testmgfor posItIonal nystagmus or when usmg a controlled variable speed rotating chair m constant or sinusoidal motion In England nvstagmus IS usually induced by means of the Hallpike caloric test or optokmesls, but lack of time, funds and personnel prevents the universal use of electronystagmography and mvestlgatlon of the vestibular system IS necessarily hmlted. Outside research centres few clinlclans have experienceof usingaconstantvarlable speed rotating chair and even within many research centres pendular motion has hardly been studied This book IS an expanded report In French of a symposium on chnical vestlbulometry held in Strasbourg under the auspices of Professor TiuCbaut In 1967. The chapters are presented In a logtcal and practical manner, progressing from a hlstorical survey through anatomy and physiology, the physical basis of the methods used, the methods of stlmulatlon, the method of recording, the order of exammatlon, the electronystagmographtc patterns, to finally chmcal descriptions. correlation and evaluation of the findings. As would be expected in an expandmg speclahsed field this book is mainly devoted to the methods of study and Interpre-
tatlon of electronystagmographic records The need for a full examination IS stressed throughout, and indeed the locahsing value of nystagmus behaviour has been derived from studying definite chmcal entitles: the nystagmus itself must never be considered independently of other relevant findings. All methods of inducing nystagmus are discussed, but emphasis is laid upon the use of a rotating chair m determining the threshold of nystagmus and greatest emphasis IS concerned with the study of sinusoldal or pendular motion There is a strong plea for standardisation of methods of study and recordmg, for lack of umformlty m different clinics has led to difficulty m exchanging knowledge and interpreting results. In many otoneurological research centres attempts are being made to construct nystagmograms which could carry the same chmcal slgmficance as audlograms. Therefore, parameters are well defined, nystagmograms constructed, the mathematical treatment of the results discussed and methods of storing mformatlon considered These defimtions are necessary for standardlsatlon, partlcularly as the authors consider that clinical vestibulometry IS now leavmg the research centres and entermg chmcal practice. Despite multiple authorship the book retains excellent contmuity for each contributor has been chosen for his speclalised knowledge, and the whole has been loglcally ordered-there IS no free dlscussion which may have produced dysharmony Many of the methods of mvestlgatlon advocated are of European or French orlgm, and frequent reference IS made to European authors but unfortunately the individual reference hsts are often poor or absent. Furthermore, a general bibliography which would be immensely helpful to Anglo-Saxon readers 1s not Included. On the other hand, the book IS adequately dlustrated, the electronystagmograms very helpful and the general presentation overall pleasmg This book is an excellent mtroductlon and guide to chmcal vestlbulometry and should find a place in libraries of all research chnics, academlc departments and of the occasional Interested clmlcian. J. D. K. DAWES
DOS lercht hrrngeschadzgte Kmd. Eme typologlsche und statlstirche Unterwchung unter besonderer
Berucksrchtrgung soziologischer Faktoren, M. MULLER-KUPPERS,with an introduction
Vesr~bulomitrre
C
Clmrque,
CONRAUX AND
by
by
J. neural. Scr , 1971, 13: 111-118
112
BOOK REVIEWS
W. RITTERVON BAEYER,144 pages, 11 rllustrattons, 47 tables, Hippokrates Verlag, Stuttgart, 1969, DM 16.80. The effects of mild cerebral damage sustained m infancy and early childhood have become the subject of increasing attentton durmg recent years. In this monograph Dr. Mdller-Ktippers reports on his investigation of a random sample of 200 such patients seen in the Children’s Neuro-Psychiatric Clinic at Heidelberg. The criteria for includmg patients in whom exogenous cerebral damage was constdered to be present was based on neurological, EEG and psychometric findings. Comparison was made with a matched control group of patients (with no evidence of brain damage) employing psychological, social, educatlonal and other developmental variables which were subjected to statistical analysis. Forty-six of the 245
Mechanisms of Toxicrty,
September
Brituh Medical
Bulletzn,
1969, Vol. 25, No. 3.
This rssue of the Brutish Medzcal Bulletm, concerned with mechanisms of toxtcity, is dedicated to Str Rudolph Peters, long known as an outstandmg worker in this branch of medical science. Sir Rudolph himself wrttes about the “Btochemrcal lesion and its historical development” Other contributors, all distinguished in their fields, deal with the basic toxic mechanisms of a variety of chemicals encountered m agriculture or industry, or, in rare instances, ingested with food; and with the effects of diet and body temperature on the responses of the organism to some of these substances. Following an introduction by J. M. Barnes, and the article by Sir Rudolph Peters, M. S Rose wrttes on “Reversible binding of toxtc compounds to macromolecules”; M. K. Johnson on “Delayed neurotoxic action of some organophosphorus compounds”; W. N. Aldndge on “Phosphorylation and carbamylation of esterases” ; P. N Magee and P. F. Swann on “Nitroso compounds”; D. M Conning, K. Fletcher and
Disorders of Voluntary Muscle, by J N. WALTON (Ed ), xxix + 941 pages, 198 illustrations, J. and A. Churchill, London, 1969, ElO.
The invasion of classical pathology by techniques whtch have proved so successful in molecular biology has proceeded rapidly m the last few years. “There are two sorts of doctors” says Gottheb in Sinclair Lewis’s Martin Arrowsmith, “those to whom cc. means compound cathartic,
variables employed were found to differentlate between the two groups. The author’s findmgs, such as the lack of correlatton between SOCIOpsychologtcal aspects and the development of mimmal cerebral damage are of Interest, as is hts conclusion as to importance of attitudes and adjustment of parents and teachers to the resultant defectsin relation to prognoses. The latter was found to play a far more important part m the child’s adjustment than did personahty features. This is an excellent ptece of work, carefully conducted and clearly descrtbed and should be read by child psychiatrists as well as by educationalists and sociologists. The writer’s abihty to describe statistical methods in a deceptively simple and chnically meaningful way deserves special mention. k
SCHAPIRA
A. A. B Swan on “Paraquat and related blpyrtdyls”: H. S. A Sherratt on “Hypoglycm and related hypoglycaemic compounds”; Demus V. Parke and R. Tecwyn Williams on “Metabolism of toxic substances”; M. H Evans on “Mechanisms of saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin poisoning”; J. B. Cavanagh on “Toxic substances and the nervous system”: J. D Judah on “Biochemical disturbances in liver injury”; A. F. M. McLean and Elizabeth K. McLean on “Diet and toxicity”, A. G Heppleston on “Fibrogenic action of sthca”; H. Smith on “Toxic activittes of mtcrobes”. A. Bebbington and R. W. Brimblecombe on “Psychotomimetics”; J. E. Cremer and J. Bligh on “Body-temperature and responses to drugs”. Although the papers wtll appeal mamly to biochemtsts and academic toxtcologists, clinicians (notably neurologists, psychiatrists, chnical toxicologists, and those interested in liver disease) will find much to interest and mform them Like most issues of the Brrtmh Medrcel Bulletin, this will serve as an authoritative reference volume for some time to come D. M. DAVIES
and those to whom it means cubic centlmetre.‘. To make these groups understand one another (even to listen!) is a continuing need tf we are to acquire as full an insight into disease mechanisms as our current concepts allow. Whilst thts does not mean that an understanding at the descriptive level IS inadequate (for what% attempts to reconstruct dtsease mechamsms at a molecular level are now feasible and begmnmg to be worthwhile, even though some current J.neuro/.
Ser.. 1971. 12. Ill-118
111
Sciences
Elsevler Publishing Company, Amsterdam - Printed in The Netherlands
Book Reviews by G. F. GREINER, M COLLARD, 336 pages, 79 dlustrations, 43 electronystagmograms, Doin, Paris, 1969, 22 ;: 27 cm, F 130~. Diagnosis of vestlbular disorders IS largely based upon the clinical history, otoneurological, neuroradlologlcal 01 electroencephalographic examlnation. Vertigo In Its widest sensels thesymptom, and manifest or latent nystagmus the physical sign of these disturbances. Spontaneous and Induced nystagmus have therefore been studled for many years m the hope that the characteristics of the observed nystagmus may enable a more precise anatomlcal localisation of the lesion to be obtained Electlonystagmography when correctly performed ehmmates observe1 error and can accurately record the characteristics of the nystagmus not only with the eyes open but also with them closed. Furthermore, records may be obtained m darkness and durmg displacement of the patient as m testmgfor posItIonal nystagmus or when usmg a controlled variable speed rotating chair m constant or sinusoidal motion In England nvstagmus IS usually induced by means of the Hallpike caloric test or optokmesls, but lack of time, funds and personnel prevents the universal use of electronystagmography and mvestlgatlon of the vestibular system IS necessarily hmlted. Outside research centres few clinlclans have experienceof usingaconstantvarlable speed rotating chair and even within many research centres pendular motion has hardly been studied This book IS an expanded report In French of a symposium on chnical vestlbulometry held in Strasbourg under the auspices of Professor TiuCbaut In 1967. The chapters are presented In a logtcal and practical manner, progressing from a hlstorical survey through anatomy and physiology, the physical basis of the methods used, the methods of stlmulatlon, the method of recording, the order of exammatlon, the electronystagmographtc patterns, to finally chmcal descriptions. correlation and evaluation of the findings. As would be expected in an expandmg speclahsed field this book is mainly devoted to the methods of study and Interpre-
tatlon of electronystagmographic records The need for a full examination IS stressed throughout, and indeed the locahsing value of nystagmus behaviour has been derived from studying definite chmcal entitles: the nystagmus itself must never be considered independently of other relevant findings. All methods of inducing nystagmus are discussed, but emphasis is laid upon the use of a rotating chair m determining the threshold of nystagmus and greatest emphasis IS concerned with the study of sinusoldal or pendular motion There is a strong plea for standardisation of methods of study and recordmg, for lack of umformlty m different clinics has led to difficulty m exchanging knowledge and interpreting results. In many otoneurological research centres attempts are being made to construct nystagmograms which could carry the same chmcal slgmficance as audlograms. Therefore, parameters are well defined, nystagmograms constructed, the mathematical treatment of the results discussed and methods of storing mformatlon considered These defimtions are necessary for standardlsatlon, partlcularly as the authors consider that clinical vestibulometry IS now leavmg the research centres and entermg chmcal practice. Despite multiple authorship the book retains excellent contmuity for each contributor has been chosen for his speclalised knowledge, and the whole has been loglcally ordered-there IS no free dlscussion which may have produced dysharmony Many of the methods of mvestlgatlon advocated are of European or French orlgm, and frequent reference IS made to European authors but unfortunately the individual reference hsts are often poor or absent. Furthermore, a general bibliography which would be immensely helpful to Anglo-Saxon readers 1s not Included. On the other hand, the book IS adequately dlustrated, the electronystagmograms very helpful and the general presentation overall pleasmg This book is an excellent mtroductlon and guide to chmcal vestlbulometry and should find a place in libraries of all research chnics, academlc departments and of the occasional Interested clmlcian. J. D. K. DAWES
DOS lercht hrrngeschadzgte Kmd. Eme typologlsche und statlstirche Unterwchung unter besonderer
Berucksrchtrgung soziologischer Faktoren, M. MULLER-KUPPERS,with an introduction
Vesr~bulomitrre
C
Clmrque,
CONRAUX AND
by
by
J. neural. Scr , 1971, 13: 111-118
112
BOOK REVIEWS
W. RITTERVON BAEYER,144 pages, 11 rllustrattons, 47 tables, Hippokrates Verlag, Stuttgart, 1969, DM 16.80. The effects of mild cerebral damage sustained m infancy and early childhood have become the subject of increasing attentton durmg recent years. In this monograph Dr. Mdller-Ktippers reports on his investigation of a random sample of 200 such patients seen in the Children’s Neuro-Psychiatric Clinic at Heidelberg. The criteria for includmg patients in whom exogenous cerebral damage was constdered to be present was based on neurological, EEG and psychometric findings. Comparison was made with a matched control group of patients (with no evidence of brain damage) employing psychological, social, educatlonal and other developmental variables which were subjected to statistical analysis. Forty-six of the 245
Mechanisms of Toxicrty,
September
Brituh Medical
Bulletzn,
1969, Vol. 25, No. 3.
This rssue of the Brutish Medzcal Bulletm, concerned with mechanisms of toxtcity, is dedicated to Str Rudolph Peters, long known as an outstandmg worker in this branch of medical science. Sir Rudolph himself wrttes about the “Btochemrcal lesion and its historical development” Other contributors, all distinguished in their fields, deal with the basic toxic mechanisms of a variety of chemicals encountered m agriculture or industry, or, in rare instances, ingested with food; and with the effects of diet and body temperature on the responses of the organism to some of these substances. Following an introduction by J. M. Barnes, and the article by Sir Rudolph Peters, M. S Rose wrttes on “Reversible binding of toxtc compounds to macromolecules”; M. K. Johnson on “Delayed neurotoxic action of some organophosphorus compounds”; W. N. Aldndge on “Phosphorylation and carbamylation of esterases” ; P. N Magee and P. F. Swann on “Nitroso compounds”; D. M Conning, K. Fletcher and
Disorders of Voluntary Muscle, by J N. WALTON (Ed ), xxix + 941 pages, 198 illustrations, J. and A. Churchill, London, 1969, ElO.
The invasion of classical pathology by techniques whtch have proved so successful in molecular biology has proceeded rapidly m the last few years. “There are two sorts of doctors” says Gottheb in Sinclair Lewis’s Martin Arrowsmith, “those to whom cc. means compound cathartic,
variables employed were found to differentlate between the two groups. The author’s findmgs, such as the lack of correlatton between SOCIOpsychologtcal aspects and the development of mimmal cerebral damage are of Interest, as is hts conclusion as to importance of attitudes and adjustment of parents and teachers to the resultant defectsin relation to prognoses. The latter was found to play a far more important part m the child’s adjustment than did personahty features. This is an excellent ptece of work, carefully conducted and clearly descrtbed and should be read by child psychiatrists as well as by educationalists and sociologists. The writer’s abihty to describe statistical methods in a deceptively simple and chnically meaningful way deserves special mention. k
SCHAPIRA
A. A. B Swan on “Paraquat and related blpyrtdyls”: H. S. A Sherratt on “Hypoglycm and related hypoglycaemic compounds”; Demus V. Parke and R. Tecwyn Williams on “Metabolism of toxic substances”; M. H Evans on “Mechanisms of saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin poisoning”; J. B. Cavanagh on “Toxic substances and the nervous system”: J. D Judah on “Biochemical disturbances in liver injury”; A. F. M. McLean and Elizabeth K. McLean on “Diet and toxicity”, A. G Heppleston on “Fibrogenic action of sthca”; H. Smith on “Toxic activittes of mtcrobes”. A. Bebbington and R. W. Brimblecombe on “Psychotomimetics”; J. E. Cremer and J. Bligh on “Body-temperature and responses to drugs”. Although the papers wtll appeal mamly to biochemtsts and academic toxtcologists, clinicians (notably neurologists, psychiatrists, chnical toxicologists, and those interested in liver disease) will find much to interest and mform them Like most issues of the Brrtmh Medrcel Bulletin, this will serve as an authoritative reference volume for some time to come D. M. DAVIES
and those to whom it means cubic centlmetre.‘. To make these groups understand one another (even to listen!) is a continuing need tf we are to acquire as full an insight into disease mechanisms as our current concepts allow. Whilst thts does not mean that an understanding at the descriptive level IS inadequate (for what% attempts to reconstruct dtsease mechamsms at a molecular level are now feasible and begmnmg to be worthwhile, even though some current J.neuro/.
Ser.. 1971. 12. Ill-118