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Derived thermodynamic design data for heat pump systems operating on R21
Vot. 2. No. I pp. 37 to 55, 1982 Printed in Great Britain. All rightsreserved
0198-7593 82/0100-19502.00'0 Copyright (5 1982PergamonPress Ltd
Heat Recovery Systems
DERIVED FOR HEAT
THERMODYNAMIC DESIGN PUMP SYSTEMS OPERATING
DATA O N R21
J. A. JIANG, S. DEVOTTA, F. A. WATSON a n d F. A. HOLLAND Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, England A b s t r a c t - - T h e theoretical Rankine coefficients of performance ( C O P h and the compression ratios have been presented for heat p u m p s operating on R21. These values are listed in tabular form for temperature lifts of 10-75°C in 5°C increments and condensing temperatures Tco for every degree in the range 10-140°C. Several graphs have been drawn to illustrate the feasible operating range for R21 heat p u m p systems. The derived thermodynamic data can be used for the rapid preliminary design of heat p u m p systems operating on R21. NOMENCLATURE (COP)R Hx Pco PEV
Tco
TD
TEv Ts (t'x
Rankine coefficient of performance of a heat p u m p [dimensionless] Enthalpy per unit mass at state condition X [kJ k g - ' ] Pressure in the condenser of a heat p u m p system [bar] Pressure in the evaporator of a heat p u m p system [bar] Temperature of the working fluid in the condenser [K or °C] Temperature of the heat sink fluid from the heat p u m p system [ K or °C] Temperature of the working fluid in the evaporator [ K or °C] Temperature of the heat source fluid to the heat p u m p system [K or °C] Entropy per unit mass at state condition X [kJ k g - t K - t] INTRODUCTION
A VAPOURcompression heat pump system consists of two heat exchangers, a compressor and an expansion valve. Operation of the system is based on continuous recycling of a working fluid. The working fluid vapourises in the evaporator heat exchanger at a temperature TEv by extracting heat from a heat source and, after compression, releases its latent heat in the condenser heat exchanger at a higher temperature Tco to a heat sink. Table 1. Physical data for R21
TCO
PCO
°c
bar
density kg m
-3
liquid
vapour
PV bar m3kg-1
MJ
enthalpy of saturated vapour kJ kg -1
latent heat
kJ kg-1
mala of working f l u i d kg 14,1"- I
0.0
0.7095
1426.1
3.299
0.21504
245.805
0.8110
345.805
4.0683
5.0
0.8711
1414.6
3.995
0.21805
243.016
0.9709
348.315
4.1150
I0.0
1.0605
1403.1
4.800
0.22094
240.152
1.1528
350.810
4.1640
15.0
1.2807
1391.3
5.726
0.22369
237.213
1.3582
353.285
4.2156
20.0
1.5349
1379.4
6.783
0.22628
234.204
1.5886
355.738
4.2698
25.0
1.8264
1367.4
7.985
0.22873
231.125
1.8455
358.165
4.3267
30.0
2.1587
1355.2
9.344
0.23102
227.979
2.1302
360.564
4.3864
35.0
2.5352
1342.7
10.873
0.23316
224.770
2.4439
362.932
4.4490
4.5148
40.0
2.9595
1330.1
12.588
0.23510
221.496
2.7882
365.265
45.0
3.4353
1317.3
14.504
0.23685
218.162
3.1642
367.561
4.5837
50.0
3.9663
1304.2
16.635
0.23843
214.766
3.5726
369.816
4.6562
55.0
4.5564
1290.9
19.001
0.23980
211.308
4.0151
372.025
4.7324
37
38
J A JIANG, S, DEVOTTA, F A WATSON a n d F A HOLLAND Table 1
(contdL
-3 TCO
PCO
density kg m
PV
latent heat
bar m3kg I
°C
60.0
bar
liquid
vapour
5.2096
1277.3
21.621
kJ kg -I
0.24095
MJ m -3
207.789
4.4926
enthalpy of saturated vapour kJ kg -I
374.187
mass of working fluid kg NJ-1
6.8126
65.0
5.9294
1263.5
24.515
0.24187
204.206
5.0061
376.296
4.8970
70.0
6.7202
1249.4
27.697
0.24263
200.553
5.5547
378.346
4.9862
75.0
7.5863
1235.0
31.204
0.24312
196.830
6.1418
380.334
5.0805
80.0
8.5334
1220.0
35.193
0.24247
192.988
6.7919
382.226
5.1817
85.0
9.5612
1205.0
39.313
0.24320
189.139
7.4356
384.095
5.2871
90.0
10.6785
1189.5
43.962
0.24290
185.161
8.1401
385.859
5.4007
95.0
11.8891
1173.5
49.066
0.24230
181.076
8.8847
387.533
5.5226
100.0
13.1974
1157.0
54.668
0.24141
176.872
9.6693
389.108
5.6538
105.0
14.6091
1140.0
60.823
0.24019
172.530
10.4938
390.571
5.7961
110.0
16.1290
1122.3
67.598
0.23860
168.028
11.3584
391.910
5.9514
115.0
17.7625
1104.2
75.068
0.23662
163.340
12.2616
393.111
6.1222
TCO
Pco
density kg m
-3
PV
latent heat
bar m3kg-I
°C
bar
liquid
vapour
kJ kg -I
MJ m-3
enthalpy of saturated vapour kJ kg -I
mass of working fluid kg MJ-1
120.0
19.5179
1085.1
83.324
0.23424
158.435
13.2014
394.153
6.3117
125.0
21.3992
1065.1
92.488
0.23137
153.267
14.1753
395.014
6.5245
130.0
23.4148
1044.1
102.696
0.22800
147.789
15.1773
395.666
6.7664
135.0
25.5721
1022.0
114.153
0.22401
141.929
16.2017
396.068
7.0458
140.0
27.8788
998.4
127.128
0.21929
135.584
17.2365
396.170
7.3755
145.0
30.3446
972.9
141,970
0.21374
128.666
18.2668
395.916
7.7720
150.0
32.9802
945.1
159.160
0.20721
121.027
19.2627
395.218
8.2626
155.0
35.7963
913.5
180.305
0.19853
112.036
20.2007
393.779
8.9257
160.0
38.8010
882.7
201.058
0.19299
103.093
20.7277
392.303
9.7000
165.0
42.0188
841.5
231.846
0,18123
91.088
21.1183
389.110
10.9784
170.0
45.4611
790.1
272.668
0.16672
76.021
20.7284
384.199
13.1543
175.0
49.1399
728.3
323.525
0.15189
57.892
18.7294
377.571
17.2737
178.50 critical
51.890
522.0
522.000
0.09941
0.000
0.0000
348.942
Oo
The condensing temperature Tco, the gross temperature lift (Tco - TEv) and the compression ratio Pco/PEv, which is the ratio of the corresponding saturation pressures in the condenser and evaporator, are the critical parameters which determine the feasible operating range of a heat pump with a particular working fluid R21 is one of the working fluids potentially suitable for high temperature heat pump systems Its chemical formula is CHCIzF and its critical temperature and pressure are 451.5 K and 51.89 bar, respectively Physical data for R21 are listed in Table 1 The principal advantages of R21 is its relatively high latent heat which means a relatively low mass circulation rate per unit of latent heat delivered
Thermodynamic design data
39
DERIVED THERMODYNAMIC DATA
The operation of a conventional vapour compression heat pump is based on the Rankine cycle. The ideal Rankine cycle is illustrated in Fig. 1 which is a plot of pressure P against enthalpy per unit mass H for R21. With reference to Fig. 1, the theoretical Rankine coefficient of performance of a heat pump can be defined as HD1 HD3 HD1 -- Hs2' -
(COP)~ -
-
(1)
Since the compression from point $2 to point D1 is isentropic, q~s2 = qbDl where 4) is the entropy per unit mass. For design purposes, the enthalpy per unit mass of the superheated vapour at DI can be approximately related to the enthalpy per unit mass of the saturated vapour at point D2 by the equation (2)
HDI ---- HD2 q- (~bS2 -- ¢~D2) Tco.
Equations (1) and (2) can be used to calculate (COP)R values for any desired condensing temperature Tco and temperature lift (Too - TEv) from the saturation properties of the chosen working fluid. Here, the theoretical Rankine coefficient of performance (COP)R and the compression ratio Pco/PEv have been calculated for R21 for temperature lifts of 10-75°C in 5°C increments and condensing temperatures Tco for every degree in the range 10-140°C. The basic thermodynamic properties of R21 used in the calculations have been taken from Thermodynamic Properties of Arcton 21 SI Units published by Imperical Chemical Industries Ltd., Imperial Chemical House, Millbank, London SW1P 3JF. Tables 2-14 list the calculated (COP)R values and Tables 15-27 the calculated Pco/PEv values. Figures 2-6 are plotted from the data listed in the tables. DISCUSSION OF DERIVED DATA
In Fig. 2 the compression ratio Pco/PEv and theoretical Rankine coefficient of performance (COP)R are plotted against the temperature lift ( T c o - TEv) for a condensing temperature of 100°C. The effective temperature lift will be reduced by 20°C if there is a temperature drop of 10°C in each of the heat exchangers. Figure 3 shows that Pco/PEv values for a given temperature lift ( T c o - TEv) are extremely sensitive to the condensing temperature Tco. In contrast, the (COP)R values are almost independent of the condensing temperature. Figure 3 highlights the necessity for
50
20 D3 O II I0
,5
o~ e)
2
I
n
0.5
i00
I ;40
I
I 180
I
220
260
300
EnTholpy per unit" moss H , Fig. 1.
540
380
kJ kg -~
Pressure against e n t h a l p y per unit mass f o r R21.
420
40
J . A . JIANG. S. DEVOTTA, F. A. WATSON a n d F. A. HOLLAND
T a b l e s 2-14. T h e o r e t i c a l R a n k i n e coefficients of p e r f o r m a n c e (COPIR for a r a n g e of lifts a n d c o n d e n s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e s for R21 bar)
10.0
tl.0
12.0
13.0
I4.0
15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
20.0
1.061
1.102
1.145
1.189
1.234
1.281
1.329
1.378
1.429
1.481
1.535
(Tco'TEV) ° C ~ 10.0
,-
27.62
27.72
27.81
27.90
27.99
28.08
28.18
28.26
28.36
28.54
15.o
18.23
18.29
18.35
18.41
18.47
18.52
18.59
18.64
18.70
18,82
2o.0
13.53
13.58
13.62
13.67
13.71
13.75
13.80
13.84
13.88
13.97
25.0
10.72
10.76
10.79
10.82
10.86
10.89
10.93
10.96
10.99
11,06
30.0
8.85
8.88
8.91
8.93
8.96
8.99
9.02
9.04
9.07
9.13
35.0
7.52
7.54
7.56
7.59
7.61
7.63
7.66
7.68
7.70
7.75
40.0
6.52
6.54
6.56
6.58
6.60
6.62
6.64
6.66
6.68
45.0
5.75
5.76
5.78
5.80
5.81
5.83
5.85
5.86
5.88
5.92
50.0
5.13
5.14
5.16
5.17
5.19
5.20
5.22
5.23
5.25
5.28 4.76
6.72
!
55.0
4.63
4.64
4.65
4.67
4.68
4.69
4.71
4.72
4.73
60.0
4.21
4.22
4.23
4.25
4.26
4.27
4.28
4.29
4.30
65.0
3.86
3.87
3.88
3.89
3.90
3.91
3.92
3.93
3.94
3.96
70.0
3.56
3.57
3.58
3.59
3.60
3.61
3.62
3.63
3.64
3.65
75.0
.
3.32
3.33
3.34
3.35
3.35
3.36
3.37
3.39
.
.
.
4.33
i
Table 3
I" T ' ~ C
O bar)
20.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
2/*.0
25.0
26.0
27.0
28.0
29.0
30.0
1.535
1.590
1.647
1.705
1.765
1.826
1.889
1.954
2.021
2.089
2.159
10.0
28.54
28.62
28.71
28.81
28.90
28.99
29.06
29.16
29.25
29.34
29.43
15.0
18.82
18.88
18.94
19.00
19.06
19.12
19.17
19.23
19.29
19.34
19.40
20.0
13.97
14.01
14.05
14.10
14.14
14.18
14.23
14.27
14.31
14.35
14.40
25.0
11.06
11.09
11.13
11.16
11.20
11.23
11.26
11.29
11.33
11.36
11.39
30.0
9.13
9.15
9.18
9.21
9.24
9.26
9.29
9.32
9.34
9.37
9.40
35.0
7.75
7.77
7.79
7.82
7.84
7.86
7.88
7.91
7.93
7.95
7.97
40.0
6.72
6.73
6.75
6.77
6.79
6.81
5.83
6.85
6.87
6.89
6.91
45.0
5.92
5.93
5.95
5.97
5.98
6.00
6.02
6.03
6.05
6.07
6.08
V} ~.~ ~C~'~ : (Tco-TE
50.0
5.28
5.29
5.31
5.32
5.34
5.35
5.37
5.38
5.39
5.41
5.42
55.0
4.76
4.77
4.78
4.80
4.81
4.82
4.84
4.85
4.86
4.87
4.89
60.0
4.33
4.34
4.35
4.36
4.37
4.38
4.40
4.41
4.42
4.43
4.44
65.0
4.02
4,03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
3.96
3.97
3.98
4.00
4.01
70.0
3.65
3.66
3.67
3.68
3.69
3.70
3.71
3.72
3.73
3.74
3.75
75.0
3.39
3.40
3.41
3.41
3.42
3.43
3.44
3.45
3.46
3.46
3.47
Thermodynamic
design data
41
T a b l e 4.
"~co ~ . r ~ L 3°'° (Tco-TEv) OC~
2.159
31.0
32.0
33.0
4.0
35.0
~6.0
37.0
38.0
9.0
40.0
2.230
2.304
2.379
.456
2.535
:.616
2.699
2.784
.871
2.960
30.30
10.0
29.43
29 • 53
29.61
29.68
9.76
29.85
:9.96
30.05
30.13
0.22
15.0
19.40
19.46
19.52
19.57
9.63
19.69
9.75
19.80
19.86
~.91
19.97
20.0
14.40
14.44
14.48
14.52
4.56
14.60
4.64
14.69
14.73
~.77
14.81
25.0
11.39
11.43
11.46
11.49
1.52
11.56
1.59
11.62
11.65
1.69
11.72
30.0
9.40
9.42
9.45
9.48
9.50
9.53
9.58 I
9.61
9.63
9.66
35.O
7.97
7.99
8.04
8.06
8.08
8.11
8.13
8.15
8.17
8.19
40.0
6.91
6.93
8.02 i I 6.95 I
6.96
6.98
7.00
7.02
7.04
7.06
7.08
7.10
45.0
6.08
6.10
6.11
6.13
6.15
6.16
6.18
6.20
6.21
6.23
6.24
5.54
9.56
50.0
5.42
5.44
5.45
5.47
5.48
5.49
5.51
5.52
5.55
5.57
55.0
4.89
4.90
4.91
4.92
4.94
4.95
4.96
4.98
4.99
5.00
5.01
60.0
4.44
4.45
4.46
4.48
4.49
4.50
4.51
4.52
4.53
4.54
4.55
65.0
4.07
4.08
4.O9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
70.0
3.75
3.76
3.77
3.77
3.78
3.79
3.80
3.81
3.82
3.83
3.84
3.53
3.54
3.55
3.55
75.0
3.47
3.48
3.49 I
3.50
3.51
3.51
3.52
Table 5
T~(p__
bar ) 40.0
4t.0
42.0
43.0
44.0
45.0
46.0
47.0
48.0
49.0
50.0
2.960
3.050
3.143
3.239
3.336
3.435
3.537
3.641
3.747
3.856
3.966
10.0
30.30
30.38
30.47
30.57
30.66
30.74
30.81
30.90
30.98
31.06
31.14
15.0
19.97
20.03
20.08
20.14
20.19
20.25
20.30
20.36
20.42
20.47
20.52
20.0
14.81
14.85
14.89
14.93
14.97
15.01
15.06
15.10
15.14
15.18
15.21
25.0
11.72
11.75
11.78
11.81
11.85
11.88
11.91
11.94
11.97
12.00
12.03
30.0
9.66
9.69
9.71
9.74
9.76
9.79
9.81
9.84
9.87
9.89
9.92
35.0
8.19
8.22
8.24
8.26
8.28
8.30
8.32
8.34
8.37
8.39
8.41
40.0
7.10
7.11
7.13
7.15
7.17
7.19
7.21
7.22
7.24
7.26
7.28
45.0
6.24
6.26
6.28
6.29
6.31
6.32
6.34
6.36
6.37
6.39
6.40
50.0
5.57
5.58
5.59
5.61
5.62
5.64
5.65
5.66
5.08
5.69
5.70
55.0
5.01
5.02
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.09
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
60.0
4.55
4.56
4.58
4.59
4.60
4.61
4.62
4.63
4.64
6.65
4.66
65.0
4.17
4.18
4.19
4.20
4.21
4.22
4.23
4.24
4.24
4.25
4.26
70.0
3.84
3.85
3.86
3.86
3.87
3.88
3.89
3.90
3.91
3.92
3.92
75.0
3.55
3.56
3.57
3.58
3.59
3.59
3.60
3.61
3.62
3.62
3.63
(Tco'TEv) ° C ~
J A JIAN(i. S DEVOTTA. F A WATSON a n d F A HOLLAND
42
Table 6 oc )U.O
51.0
52.0
53.0
54.0
55.0
56.0
,96
4.080
4.195
4.313
4.433
4.556
4.682
I0.0
],1.14
31.23
31.31
31.40
31.48
31.57
31.64
15.0
t0.52
20.58
20.63
20.69
20.74
20.80
57.0
58.0
59.0
4.941
5.074
31.69
31.78
31.87
20.84
20.88
20.94
21.00
20.0
[5.21
15.25
15.29
15.34
15.38
15.42
15.45
15.48
15.52
15.56
25.0
L2.03
12.07
12.10
12.13
12.16
12.19
12.22
12.24
12.28
12.31
30.0
9.92
9.94
9.97
9.99
10.02
10.04
10.07
10.09
10.11
10.14
35.0
8.41
8.43
8.45
8.47
8.49
8.51
8.53
8.55
8.57
8.59
40.0
7.28
7.30
7.31
7.33
7.35
7.37
7.38
7.40
7.42
7.44
45.0
6.40
6.42
6.43
6.45
6.46
6.48
6.49
6.51
6.52
b.54
50.0
5.70
5.72
5.73
5.74
5.76
5.77
5.78
5.80
5.81
5.82
55.0
5.13
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.21
5.22
5.23
5.24
60.0
4.67
4.68
4.69
4.70
4.71
4.72
4.73
4.75
4.76
65.0
4.27
4.28
4.29
4.30
4.31
4.32
4.33
4.34 I
4.35
70.0
3.93
3.94
3.95
3.96
3.97
3.98
3.98
3.99
4.00
75.0
3.64
3.65
3.66
3.66
3.67
3.68
3.69
3.69
t
3.70
Table 7 CO °C
T
60.0
61.0
62.0
63.0
4.0
65.0
66.0
7.0
68.0
9.0
70.0
5.210
5.348
5.489
5.633
.780
5.929
6.082
,.237
6.395
• 556
6.720
10.0
31.98
32.09
32.14
32.18
2.25
32.30
32.41
~2.55
32.61
2.67
32.72
15.0
21.06
21.13
21.16
21.20
1.25
!1.30
21.35
~1.41
21.46
:1.51
21.55
20.0
15.61
15.65
15.68
15.71
5.75
L5.70
15.82
5.87
15.90
5.94
15.98
25.0
12.34
12.37
12.40
12.42
2.45
L2.48
12.51
2.54
12.57
2.60
12.63
30.0
10.16
10.19
10.21
10.23
0.26
L0.28
10.30
0.33
10.35
0.3B
10.40
35.0
8.61
8.64
8.66
8.67
8.69
8.71
8.73
8.75
8.77
8.79
8.81
40.0
7.45
7.47
7.49 I
7.50
7.52
7.54
7.55
7.57
7.59
7.60
7.62
45.0
6.55
6.57
6.58
6.60
6.bl
6.63
6.64
6.66
6.67
6.68
6.70
50.0
5.84
5.85
5.86
5.87
5.89
5.90
5.91
5.93
5.94
5.95
5.96
55.0
5.25
5.26
5.27 J
5.29
5.30
5.31
5.32
5.33
5.34
5.35
5.36
60.0
4.77
4.781
4.79J
4.80
4.81
4.82
4.83
4.84
4.85
4.86
4.87
65.0
4.36
4.37 i
4.381
4.38
4.39
4.40
4.41
4.42
4.43
4.44
4.45
70.0
4.01
402
403 I
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
75.0
3.71
3.72 I t
3.72
3.73
3.74
3.74
3.75
3.76
3.77
3.77
3.78
o
m
I
T h e r m o d y n a m i c design d a t a
43
T a b l e 8. C r}
10.0
70.0
71.0
V2.0
73.0
74.0
75.0
6.0
77.0
78.0
r9.0
~0.0
i.72(
6.888
r.05~
7.23U
7.4U6
7.586
.77U
~.958
8,140
1.33~
~.533
12.7~
32.74
12.86
32.99
33.08
33.14
3.16
~3.08
33.18
t3.27
}3.36
15.0
!1.5.~
21.60
!1,67
21.72
21.76
~'1.79
1,80
~1.82
21.89
1.95
22.01
20.0
L5o9e
16.01
~6.0~
16,08
16.12
L6.14
6.18
6.19
16,23
6.26
L6.29
25.0
L2.62
12.65
2.68
12.71
12.74
L2.76
2,78
L2.80
12.82
2.85
2.88
30.0
LO.4C
L0.42
0.44
10.47
10.49
L0.51
0.53
L0.54
10.56
0.59
LO.bl
35.0
8.81
8.83
8.85
8.87
8.89
8.90
8.92
8,93
8,95
8.97
8.99
40.0
7.62
7.64
7.65
7.67
7.69
7.70
7.71
7.72
7.74
7.76
7.77
45.0
6.70
6.71
6.73
6.74
6.76
6.77
6.78
6.79
6,80
6.82
6.83
50.0
5.96
5.98
5.99
6.00
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.07
6.08
55.0
5.36
5.37
5.38
5,40
5.41
5.42
5.43
5,43
5.44
5.45
5,47
60.0
4.87
4.87
4.88
4.89
4.90
4.91
4.92
4.93
4.94
4.95
4.96
65.0
4.45
4.45
4,46
4.47
4.48
4.49
4,50
4.50
4.51
4.52
4.53
70.0
4.09
4.10
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.15
4.16
75.0
3.78
3.79
3.79
3,80
3.81
3.81
3.82
3.83
3.83
3.84
3.85
Table 9 I
C
13.0
4.0
;.934
).140
.348
33.45
~3.53
13.59
22.01
22.05
2.09
20.0
16.29
16.32
25.0
12.88
12.91
30,0
10.61
10.63
35.0
8.99
9.01
80.0
81.0
;2.0
8,533
8.732
10.0
33.36
15.0
r)
i
I |5.0
:lb.O
87.0
iS.0
;9.0
1.561
}.778
9.998
).221
b.448
3.67
;3.77
33.86
34.04
~,4.09
14.13
34.18
!2.14
2.19
!2.23
Z2.28
22.31
~2.35
~2.39
22.45
I
6.36
~6.41
6.45
6.48
L6.51
16.53
16.56
6.59
16.62
I
2.94
L2.97
2.99
3.02
13.03
13.06
L3.09
3.12
13.14
0.65
~0.67
0.70
0.72
t0.74
10,76
L0.78
0.80
10.81
9.02
9.04
9.06
9.08
9.09
9.11
9.12
9.14
9.16
7.85
7.86
7.88
7.89
7.90
7.92
90.0
._
10.678 t
40.0
7.77
7.79
7.80
7.82
7.83
45.0
6.83
6,84
6.86
6.87
6.88
6.9~
6.91
6.92
6.93
6.94
6.96
50.0
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
6.17
6.18
6.19
55.0
5.~7
5.48
5,49
5.50
5.51
5.52
5.53
5.53
5.54
5.55
5.56
60.0
4.96
4.97 !
4.97
4.98
4,99
5.00
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.03
5.04
65.0
4.53
4,54
4.54
4.55
4.56
4.57
4.57
4.58
4.59
4.60
4.60
70.0
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.18
4.19
4.20
4.20
4.21
4.22
4.22
4.23
75.0
3.85
3.85
3.86
3.87
3.87
3.88
3.88
3.89
3.90
3.90
3.91
I
44
J. A J1ANG. S. DEVOTTA. F. A WATSON a n d F. A HOLt Ar~D
T a b l e 10
I0.0
94.0
)5.0
96.0
97.0
98.0
P9.0
lO0.O
1 L.394
1.639
L.889
12.143
12.401
12.662
:.928
|3.197
;4.33
34.36
;4.41
34.45
34.47
34.53
~4.59
34.64
91.0
)2.0
)3.0
).678
10.913
.152
14.18
34.23
4.26
90.0
15.0
!2.45
22.50
~2.59
~.2.63
22.65
~.2.68
22.70
22,71
22.74
~2.77
22.81
20.0
6.62
16.66
6.68 I
L6.71
16.73
L6.77
16.80
16.84
16.87
6.89
16.91
25.0
3.14
13.16
3.18
L3.21
13.23
L3.25
13.27
13,28
13.30
3.32
13.35
30.0
0.81
10.83
0.85
L0.87
10.89
~0.91
10.92
10.93
10.95
0.97
10.98
35.0
9.16
9.17
9.19
9.21
9.22
9.23
9.24
9.26
9.27
9.29
9.30
40.0
7.92
7.93
7.94
7.96
7.97
7.98
7.99
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
45.0
6.96
6.97
6.98
6.99 I
7.00
7.01
7.02
7,03 I
7.04
7.05
7.06
50.0
6.19
6.20
6.21
6.22 1
6.23
6.24
6.25
6.25
6.26
6.27
6.28
55.0
5.56
5.57
5.58
5.59 i
5.60
5.61
5.61
5.62
5.63
5.64
5.64
60.0
5.04
5.05 i
5.06
5.07
5.07
5.08
5.09
5.0~
5. I0
5.11
5.12
65.0
4.60
4.61
4.62
4.63
4.63
4.64
4.64
4.65
4.66
4.66
4.67
70.0
4.23
4.24
4.24
4.25
4.26
4.26]
4.27
4.27
4.28
4.28
4.29
75.0
3.91
3.91
3.92
3.92
3.93
3.94
3.94
3.95
3.95
3.96
3.96
T a b l e 11.
°C
r)
100.0
101.0
102.0
103.0
104.0
105.0
106.0
108.0
109.0
110.0
13.197
13.472
13.751
14.032
14.318
14.609
14.905
[107.0 15.205
15.509
15.816
16.129
I0.0
34.64
34.67
34.68
34.76
34.82
34.87
34.91
34.99
35.02
35.08
35.11
15.0
22.81
22.84
22.85
22.91
22.94
22.97
22.98
23.00
23.02
23.07
23.09
20.0
16.91
16.93
16.94
16.97
16.99
17.01
17.03
17.04
17.06
17.09
17.11
25.0
13.35
13.37
13.40
13.42
13.44
13.45
13.46
13.47
13.48
13.50
13.52
30.0
10.98
II.00
II.01
11.03
11.04
II.06
11.07
II.I0
II.II
11.12
11.13
35.0
9.30
9.31
9.32
9.34
9.35
9.36
9.37
9.38
9.39
9.40
9.42
40.0
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
8.10
8.10
8.11
8.12
8.13
8.14
45.0
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
7.10
7.11
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
7,15
50.0
6.28
6.29
6.30
6.31
6.31
6.32
6.33
6.34
6.34
6.35
6.36
55.0
5.64
5.65
5.66
5,67
5.67
5.68
5.69
5.69
5.70
5.70
5.71
60.0
5.12
5.12
5.13
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.15
5.16
5.16
5.17
5.17
65.0
4.67
4.68
4.68
4.69
4.69
4.70
4.70
4.71
4.71
4.72
4.72
70.0
4.29
4.29
4.30
4.30
4.31
4.31
4.32
4.32
4.33
4.33
4.34
75.0
3.96
3.97
3.97
3.97
3.98
3.98
3.99
3.99
3.99
4.00
4.00
T h e r m o d y n a m i c design d a t a
45
T a b l e 12
110.0
111.0
112.0
113.0
114.0
115,0
116.0
117.0
118.0
119.0
120.0
16.129
16.446
16.769
17.095
17.426
17.763
18.104
18.453
18.803
19,158
19.518
10.0
35.11
35.10
35.08
35.11
35.16
35.22
35.27
35.24
35.29
35.36
35.38
15.0
23.09
23.10
23.10
23.14
23.17
23.20
23.22
23.22
23.23
23.27
23.28
17.10
17,13
17,15
17.17
17.19
17.20
17.21
17.24
17.25
ar)
20.0
17.11
17.11
25.0
13.52
13.52
13.52
13,54
13.56
13.57
13.58
13.58
13.59
13.61
13.62
30.0
11.13
11.14
11.13
11.15
11.16
11.17
11.18
11.18
11.19
11.21
11.21
35.0
9.42
9.42
9.43
9.45
9.45
9.46
9.47
9.47
9.48
9.49
9.49
40.0
8.14
8.14
8.15
8.15
8.16
8.17
8.18
8.19
8.20
8.20
8.21
45.0
7.15
7.15
7.15
7.16
7.17
7.18
7.18
7.18
7.19
7.20
7.20
50.0
6.36
6.36
6.36
6.37
6.38
6,38
6.39
6.39
6,39
6.40
6.40
55.0
5.71
5.71
5.72
5.72
5.73
5,73
5.74
5.74
5.74
5.75
5.75
60.0
5.17
5.18
5.18
5.19
5.19
5.19
5.20
5.20
5.20
5,21
5.21
65.0
4.72
4,72
4.73
4.73
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.75
4.75
4.75
4.75
70.0
4.34
4.34
4.34
4.34
4.35
4.35
4.36
4.36
4.36
4.36
4.37
75.0
4.00
4.01
4.01
4.01
4.01
4.02
4.02
6.02
4.02
4.03
4.03
125.0
126.0
7.0
~8.0
129.0
130.0
23.001
23.415
Table 13
r)
1 !0.0
121.0
123.0
14.0
1 t.518
19.884
20.632
10.0
15.38
35.39
35.49 I
15.0
~3.28
23.28
23.31
21.399
21.791
.192
2.594
15.57
35.53
35.40
5.32
35.34
35.28 I 35.33
:3.35
23.35
23.32
3.30
73.30
23.30
23.30
,013
20.0
7.25
17.24
17.26 I
7.28
17.29
17.26
7.23
17.24
17,24
17.25
25.0
3.62
13.62
13.64
3.66
13.66
13.64
3.62
13,62
13.63
13.63
30.0
1.21
11.21
II.22
1.23
11.23
11.22
1.21
11.22
11.22
11.22
35.0
9.49
9.49
9.50 I
9.51
9.51
9.50
9.49
9.49
9.50 I
9.50
40.0
8.21
8.21
8,21
8.22
8.22
8.21
8.21
8.21
8,21
8.21
45.0
7.20
7.20
7.22
7.22
7.22
7.22
7.21
7.21
7.21
7.21
50.0
6.40
6.41
6.41
6.41
6.42
6.41
6.41
6.42
6.42
6.42
55.0
5.75
5.75
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
60.0
5.21
5.21
5.22
5.22
5.22
5.22
5.22
5.22
5.22
5.22
65.0
4.75
4.76
4.76 J
4.76
4.76
4.76
4.76
4.76
4.76
4.76
70.0
4.37
4.37
4.37 J
4.37
4.37
4.37
4.37
4.37
4.37
4.37
4.04
4.04
4.03
4.03
4.03
4.03
4.03
I
75.0
4.03
4.03
4.03 I
I
46
J . A . JIANG, S. DEVOTTA, F. A. WATSO~ a n d F. A. HOLLAND Table 14 CO °C
~
~
14o.o
p.936 ! 2r.403
27.877
5.50
|5.41
35.33
'3.25 I
!3.17
23.15
17.24
7.23
L7.18
17.17 ]
3.63 I
13.63
3,61
L3,59
13.57
LI.21
14.0
135.0
1
.691
i.128
25.570
2 p.olg- 2 6 . 4 7 5
35.511
35.43
15.31
35.28
;s.45 I
35.55
~3.34
23.37]
23.34
!3.29
23.27
!3.30
23.28
17.25
7.29
17.311
17.29
L7.27
17.25
3.25
13.63
3.65
13.65 /
13.64
L3.63
13.62 11.21
31.0
23,415
3.833
10.0
35.33
~5.48
15.0
23.30
20.o 25.0
% o - % v ) %~
bS.0 I 11_9.o
16.0
3 . o
130.0
bar
137.0
I
.__._--------
30.0
11.22
1.23
11.241
11.22
LI.22
11.20
1.19 I
LI.18
11.16
35.0
9.50
9.51
9.51!
9.50
9.50
9.49
9.49 1
9.48
9.47 I
9.46
9.45
40.0
8.211
8.22
8.221
8,21
8.21
8.20
8.20
8.20
8.19 I
8.18
8.17
7.18
7.17
45.0
7.21
7.22
7.221
7.21
7.21
7.20
7.20
7.19
7.19
50.0
6.42
6.42
6.42[
6.41
6.41
6.41
6.4U
6.40
6.39
6.39
6.38
55.0
5.76
5.76
5.77 [
5.76
5.76
5.76
5,75
5.75
5.74
5.74
5.73
60.0
5.22
5.22
5.221
5.22
5.21
5.21
5.21
5.21
5.20
5.20
5.19
65.0
4.76
4.76
4.761
4.76
4.76
4.76
4.75
4.75
4.75
4.74
4.74
70.0
4.37
4.37
4.371
4.37 I
4.37
4.37
4.36
4.36
4.36
4.35
4.35
7'5.0
4.03
4.03
4.03t
4.03
4.03
4.03
4.02
4.02
4.02
4.02 {
4.01
Tables 15-27 Compressnon ratios
Pco/PEvfor
a r a n g e of lifts a n d c o n d e n s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e s
C r)
10.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
20.0
1.061
1.102
1.145
1.189
1.234
1.281
1.329
1.378
1.429
1.481
1.535
1.495
1.490
1.485
1.480
1.475
1.470
1.465
1.461
1.456
1.452
1.447
15.0
1.852
1.842
1.833
1.823
1.814
1.805
1.796
1.787
1.779
1.770
1.762
20.0
2,317
2.301
2.284
2.268
2.252
2.237
2.221
2.207
2.192
2.178
2.163
25.0
2.929
2.902
2.875
2.849
2.823
2.798
2.774
2.750
2.726
2.703
2.681
30.0
3,743
3.700
3.658
3.617
3.576
3.537
3.499
3.461
3.425
3.389
3.354
35.0
4,839
4.772
4.706
4.643
4.580
4.520
4.461
4.403
4.347
4.293
4.239
40.0
6,333
6.230
6.129
6.031
5.9361
5.843
5.753
5.666
5.581
5.498
5,417
45.0
8.399 I 8.239
8.085
7.935
7.789
7.648
7.512
7.379
7.250
7.125
7.003
10.812
10.582
10.359
10.143
9.935
9.733
9.538
9.349
9.166
50.0
11,297
11.051
55.0
15.425
15.041
14.670
14.315
13.973
13.643
13.324
13.017
12.720
12.433
12.156
60.0
21,400
20.795
20.221
19.669
19.138
18.628
I8.135
17.661
17.207
16.771
16.350
65.0
30.193
29.250
28.349
27.479
26.647
25.844
25.074
24.343
23.643
22.971
22.325
70.0
43.422
41.890
40.442 3 9 . 0 6 3
37.733
36.463
35.268
34;129
33.032
31.984
30.973
58.825
54.460
52.438
50.509
48.688
46.957
45.289
43.699
75.0
I
56.586
T h e r m o d y n a m i c design d a t a
47
T a b l e 16.
r ) 20"0
I0.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
24.0
25.0
26.0
27.0
28.0
29.0
30.0
1.535
1.590
1.647
1.705
1.765
1.826
1.889
1.954
2.021
2.089
2.159
1.447
1.443
1.439
1.434
1.430
1.426
1.422
1.418
1.414
1.410
1.406
15.0
1.762
1.75~
1.746
1.738
1.730
1.722
1.715
1.707
1.700
1.693
1.686
20.0
2.163
2.150
2.136
2.123
2.110
2.097
2.084
2.071
2.059
2.047
2.035
25.0
2.681
2.658
2.637
2.616
2.595
2.574
2.554
2.535
2.515
2.496
2.478
30.0
3.354
3.319
3.286
3.253
3.221
3.190
3.159
3.129
3.100
3.071
3.043
35.0
4.239
4.187
4.136
4.087
4.038
3.991
3.944
3,899
3.855
3.812
3.770
40.0
5.417
5.338
5.262
5.188
5.115
5.044
4.975
4.908
4.843
4.779
4.717
45.0
7.003
6.885
6.771
6.659
6.551
6.446
6.344
6.244
6.147
6.053
5.962
50.0
9.166
8.989
8.817
8.651
8.490
8.333
8.181
8.034
7.891
7.753
7.618
55.0
12.156
11.889
11.631
11.382
11.141
10.907
10.682
10.463
10.252
10.047
9.849
60.0
16.350
15.945
15.555
15.179
14.816
14.465
14.127
13.802
13.488 1 3 . 1 8 4
12.892
65.0
22.325
21.703
21.104
20.533
19.985
19.455
18.947
18.450
17.987
17.534
17.097
70.0
30.973
30.006 129.090
28.213
27.373
26.565
25.789
25.043
24.332
23.650
22.995
75.0
43.699
42.206
39.417
38.113
36.855
35.655
34.520 3 3 . 4 3 3
32.394
31.398
40.783
T a b l e 17.
"~r~l
"x,~¢o °c
Tco'TEv ) Oc ~
30.0 2.159
31.0
32.0
33.0
34.0
35.0
36.0
37.0
38.0
39.0
40.0
2.230
2.304
2.379
2.456
2.535
2.616
2.699
2.784
2.871
2.960
I0.0
1.406
1.403
1.399
1.395
1.392
1.388
1.385
1,381
1.378
1.374
1.371
1'5.0
1.686
1.679
1.672
1.665
1.658
1.652
1.645
1.639
1.633
1.626
1.620
20.0
2.035
2.024
2.013
2,001
1.990
1.980
1.969
1.958
1,948
1.938
1.928
25.0
2.478
2.460
2.442
2.424
2.407
2.391
2.374
2.358
2.342
2.326
2.311
30.0
3.043
3.015
2.988
2.961
2.935
2.910
2.885
2.861
2.837
2.814
2.791
35.0
3.770
3.729
3.689
3.649
3.611
3.573
3.537
3.501
3.465
3.431
3.397
40.0
4.717
4.656
4.597
4.539
4.483
4.428
4.374
4.321
4.270
4.220
4.171
45.0
5.962
5.873
5.786
5.701
5.619
5.539
5.461
5.385
5.311
5.239
5.169
50.0
7.618
7.488
7.361
7.238
7.118
7.002
6.889
6.779
6.672
6.568
6.466
9.657
9.471
9.291
9.116
8.947
8.783
8.624
8.469
8.319
8.174
55.0
9.849
60.0
12.892
12.608
12.335
12.070
11.814
11.567
11.327
11.096
10.872
10.655
10.445
65.0
17.097
16.676
16.271
15.880
15.503
15.140
14.789
14.450
14.124
13.800
13.503
70.0
22.995
22.365
21.760
21.177
20.617
20.079
19.560
19.062
18.582
18.119
17.674
75.0
31.398
30.441
29.523
28.647
27.809
27.006
26.234
25.493
24.781
24.097
23.439
48
J . A . JIANG. S. DEVOTTA. F. A. WATSON a n d F. A. HOLLAND
T a b l e 18. ~
~0
.0
"~ ) °C
(T -T
°~
~o-~
41.0
I 2.960~.05(
I
42.0
43.0
44.0
45.0
460
47o
49.0
3.143
3.239
3.33(
3.43~
3.537
3.641¸3.74]
3.85(
3.966
1.35~
1.352
1.34(.
1.346
1.34~
1.340
1.57C
1.565
l 50.0
_
10,0
1.37
1.368
1.36~
1.361
1.351
15.0
1.621
1.614
1.605
1.603
1.59~
1.59]
1.586
1.58(
1.575
20.0
1.928!
1.918
1.90~
1.899
1.89C
1.88l
1.872
1.86,"
1.854
1.84(
1.837
25.0
2.311
2.296
2.28l
2.266
2.252
2.238 I 2.224
2.211
2.198
2.18~
2.172
30.0
2.791
2.768
2.74~
2.724
2.703
2.681
2.641
2.622
2.603
2.584
35.0
L393
L364
3.332
1.300
3.270
3.239 I 3.210
3.181
3.152
3.124
3.O97
40.0
~.171
%1241
4.077
~,032
3.987
3.942
3.901
3.859
3.819
3.779
3.740
45.0
i.169
~.100
5.033
i,968
4.904
4.842
4.782
4.722
4.664
~.608
4.553
50.0
~.466
i.368
~.272
i,179
6.088
6.000
5.913
5.830
5.748
5.668
5.590
55.0
;.174
1.032
/.895
.762
7.632
1.506
7.384
7.265
7.149
1.037
6.927
60.0
~.445
1 1.241
10.044
1,853
9.667
~.488
9.313
9.144
8.980
1.821
8.666
65,0
.503
1 ~.208
12.924
1.648
12.381
12.124
1.875
1.634
11.400
L.174
10.954
70.0
17.674
11.245
16.830
,431
16.045
15.674
5.315
4.969
14.634
b.310
13.998
75.0
23.439
Z:.807
22.201
.618
21.056
!0.516
9.995
9.494
19.011
~.545
18.097
2.662
T a b l e 19
~.
bar) Oc ~
50.0
51.0
52.0
53.0
54.0
55.0
56.0
57.0
58.0
59.0
60.0
3.966
4.080
4.195
4.313
4.433
4.556
4.682
4.810
4.941
5.074
5.210
(Tco-T~V) i
I0.0
1.340
1.337
1.335
1.332
1.329
1.326
1.324
1.321
1.319
1.316
1.313
15,0
1.565
1.559
1.554
1.549
1.544
1.540
1.535
1.530
1.526
1.521
1.516
20.0
1.837
1.829
1.821
1.813
1.805
1.797
1.790
1.782
1.775
1.768
1.760
25.0
2.172
2.159
2.147
2.135
2.122
2.111
2.099
2.088
2.077
2.066
2.055
30.0
2.584
2.566
2.547
2.529
2.512
2.495
2.478
2.462
2.445
2.429
2.413
35.0
3.097
3.070
3.044
3.018
2.993
2.969
2.945
2.921
2.898
2.875
2.852
40.0
3.740
3.702
3.665
3.628
3.592
3.558
3.524
3.491
3.458
3.426
3.394
45.0
4.553
4.499
4.447
4.395
4.345
4.296
4.249
4.202
4.156
4.112
4.068
50.0
5.590
5.515
5.441
5.369
5.299
5.230
5.164
5.099
5.035
4.973
4.912
55.0
6.927
6.821
6.717
6.616
6.518
6.422
6.329
6.239
6.151
6.064
5.980
60.0
8.666
8.517
8.371
8.229
8.091
7.958
7.828
7.702
7.579
7.459
7.343
65.0
10.954
10.742
10.536
10.337
10.143
9.956
9.774
9.598
9.427
9.260
9.098
70.0
13.998
13.697
13.404
13.122
12.848
12.584
12.329
12.082
11.841
11.608
11.383
75.0
118.097
17.665
17.247
16.844
16.455
16.080
15.719
15.370
15.032
14.704
14.588
I
T h e r m o d y n a m i c design d a t a
49
Table i0
61,0
62,0
63.0
64.0
65,0
66.0
67,0
68,0
69.0
70.0
5.210
5.348
5.489
5.633
5,780
5.929
6.082
6.237
6.395
6.556
6.720
I0.0
1.313
1.311
1.308
1.306
1.304
1.301
1.299
1.297
1.294
1.292
1.290
15.0
1,516
1.512
1,508
1,503
1.499
1,495
1.491
1.487
1.483
1.479
1.475
20.0
1.760
1,753
1.746
1,739
1.733
1,726
1.719
1.713
1.707
1.700
1.694
25.0
2.055
2,044
2.034
2,023
2.013
2.004
1.994
1,984
1.975
1.965
1.956
r ) . . .60.0 ...
"•ba
T~-~,~ °~C
30.0
2.413
2.398
2.383
2.368
2.353
2.339
2.325
2.311
2.297
2.284
2.271
35.0
2.852
2.830
2.809
2,788
2.767
2.747
2.727
2.707
2.688
2.669
2.651
40.0
3,394
3.363
3.333
3.304
3.275
3.247
3.219
3,192
3.165
3.139
3,113
45.0
4.068
4,025
3.983
3.942
3,902
3.863
3.825
3,787
3.751
3,714
3.679
50.0
4.912
4.853
4.795
4,739
4,683
4.630
4.577
4.526
4.475
4.426
4.378
55.0
5.980
5.898
5,819
5.741
5.665
5.591
5,519
5.449
5,380
5.313
5.247
60.0
7.343
7.230
7.120
7.012
6.908
6.806
6.708
6,611
6,517
6,426
6,337
65.0
9.098
8.941
8.789
8.641
8.497
8.357
8,222
8.090
7.961
7.836
7,714
70.0
11.383
11.164
10,953
10.747
10.548
10.356
10,168
9.987
9,810
9.638
9.472
75.0
14.388
14.082
13.787
13.500
13.223
12.956
12.696
12.445
12.201
11.965
11.737
Table 21
71.0
72.0
73.0
74.0
75.0
76.0
77.0
78.0
79.0
80.0
6.888
7.057
7.230
7.406
7,586
7.770
7.958
8.146
8.338
8.533
1.290
1.288
1,286
1.284
1.281
1.279
1.278
1.276
1.274
1.272
1.270
[ 1.475
1.471
1,467
1,463
1.460
1.456
1.453
1.450
1.446
1.443
1.439
20.0
1.694
1.688
1.682
1,676
1.671
1.665
1.659
1.654
1 • 649
1.643
1.638
25.0
I 1.956
1,947
1.938
1.930
1.921
1.913
1.905
1.897
1.889
1.881
1.873
30.0
2.271
2.258
2.245
2,233
2.220
2.208
2.197
2,186
2.174
2.163
2.151
35.0
2.651
2.633
2.615
2.597
2.580
2.563
2.547
2.532
2.515
2.500
2.484
3.113
3.088
3.r63
3.039
3.015
2.992
2.970
2.948
2.926
2.905
2.883
10.0 15.0
I
40.0 i 45.0
3.679
3.645
3.611
3.578
3.546
3.514
3.484
3.454
3.424
3.395
3.366
4.378
4.332
4.285
4.240
4.196
4.154
4.112
4.072
4.032
3.992
3.953
55.0
5.247
5.184
5.121
5.060
5.000
4.942
4.886
4.832
4.777
4.724
4.672
60.0
6.337
6,250
6.165
6.082
6.002
5.923
5.848
5.774
5.701
5.629
5.560
65.0
7.714
7.596
7.481
7.368
7.259
7.153
7.051
6.952
6.853
6.757
6.663
70.0
9.472 I 111.737 [
50.0
75.0 ,
HJCS. 2/I- D
I
9.311
9.153
9.000
8.852
8.708
8.569
8.435
8.302
8.172
8.047
11.515
11.300
11.091
[0.888
0.693
LO.504
10.321
10.141
9.966
9.796
[
50
J.A. JIANG, S. DEVOTTA, F. A. WATSON and F. A. HOLLAND Table 22.
T~/p
bar ) 80.0
(Tco-TEv) ° C ~
8.533
81.0
82,0
83.0
84.0
85.0
86.0
87.0
88.0
89.0
90.0
8.732
8.934
9.140
9.348
9.561
9.778
9.998
10.221
10.448
10.678
I0.0
1.270
1.268
1.266
1.264
1.262
1.260
1.258
1.256
1.255
1.253
1.251
15.0
1.439
1.436
1.432
1.429
1.426
1.423
1.420
1.417
1.414
1.411
1.408
20.0
1.638
1.633
1.628
1.623
1.617
1.612
1.608
1.603
1.598
1.594
1.589
25.0
1.873
1.865
1.857
1.850
1.842
1.835
1.828
1.821
1.814
1.808
1.801
30,0
2.151
2.140
2.130
2.119
2.109
2.098
2.088
2.078
2.069
2.059
2.050
35.0
2.484
2.469
2.454
2.439
2.425
2.411
2.397
2.383
2.370
2.357
2.344
40.0
2.883
2.863
2.842
2.822
2.802
2.783
2.764
2.746
2.728
2.710
2.692
45.0
3.366
3.338
3.310
3.283
3.257
3.231
3.205
3.181
3.156
3.132
3.108
50.0
3.953
3.915
3.878
3.842
3.806
3.771
3.738
3.704
3.672
3.640
3.608
55.0
4.672
4.622
4.572
4.523
4.476
4.429
4.384
4.340
4.296
4.254
4.212
60.0
5.560
5.492
5.425
5.360
5.297
5.235
5.175
5.116
5.058
5.002
4.947
65.0
6.663
6.572
6.483
6.396
6.312
6.229
6.149
6.071
5.994
5.919
5.847
70.0
8.047
7.924
7.805
7.689
7.575
7.465
7.359
7.255
7.153
7.054
6.957
75.0
9.796
9.631
9.470
9.314
9.163
9.015
8.873
8.734
8.598
8.466
8.338
Table 23 T
C r]
90.0
91.0
92.0
93.0
94.0
95.0
96.0
97.0
98.0
99.0
100.0
10.678
10.913
11.152
11.394
11.639
11.889
12.143
12.401
12.662
12.928
13.197
10.0
1.251
1.250
1.248
1.247
1.245
1.243
1.242
1.240
1.239
1.237
1.236
ITco-TEv) O c ~ m
15.0
1.408
1.405
1.401
1.399
1.396
1.393
1.391
1.388
1.385
1.383
1.380
20.0
1.589
1.585
1.580
1.576
1.572
1.567
1.563
1.558
1.554
1.550
1.547
25.0
1.801
1.794
1.788
1.782
1.775
1.769
1.763
1.757
1.751
1.746
1.740
30.0
2.050
2.041
2.032
2.023
2.014
2.005
1.997
1.988
1.980
1.972
1.964
35.0
2.344
2.331
2.318
2.306
2.294
2.282
2.271
2.259
2.248
2.237
2.226
40.0
2.692
2.675
2.658
2.642
2.625
2.609
2.594
2.578
2.563
2.548
2.533
45.0
3.108
3.086
3.063
3.041
3.019
2.997
2.977
2.956
2.936
2.916
2.896
50.0
3.608
3.578
3.548
3.518
3.489
3.461
3.433
3.406
3.379
3.353
3.327
55.0
4.212
4.172
4.132
4.093
4.055
4.017
3.981
3.945
3.910
3.875
3.842
60.0
4.947
4.893
4.841
4.790
4.739
4.690
4.642
4.595
4.549
4.503
4.459
65.0
5.847
5.776
5.707
5.639
5.572
5.508
5.445
5.383
5.323
5.264
5.206
70.0
6.957
6.863
6.772
6.682
6.594
6.510
6.427
6.346
6.267
6.189
6.114
75.0
8.338
8.213
8.092
7.974
7.858
7.746
7.637
7.530
7.426
7.324
7.226
Thermodynamic design data
51
Table 24.
~(PCO
C
bar) 100.0
.reO oc ~ -'rEv )
13.197
101.0
102.0
103.0
104.0 .
105.0 .
106.0 .
107.0 .
108.0
109.0
13.472
13.751
14.032
14.318
14.609
i14.905
15.205
L5.509
15.81e
i,
10.0
1.236
1.234
1.233
1.232
1.230
1.229
1,227
1.226
1.225
1.223
15.0
1.380
1.378
1.375
1.373
1.371
1.368
1.366
1.363
1.361
1.359
20.0
1.547
1.543
1.539
1.535
1.532
1.528
1.524
1.521
1.517
1.514
25.0
1.740
1.734
1.728
1.723
1.717
1.712
1.707
1.702
1.697
1.692
30.0
1.964
1.956
1.949
1.941
1.933
1.926
1.918
1.911
1.904
1.897
35.0
2.226
2.215
2.205
2.194
2.184
2.174
2.164
2.155
2.145
2.136
40.0
2.533
2.$19
2.505
2.491
2.477
2.464
2.451
2.438
2.425
2.412
45~0
2.896
2.877
2.859
2.840
2.822
2.804
2.787
2.770
2.753
2.737
50.0
3.327
3.302
3.278
3.254
3.230
3.206
3.183
3.161
3.139
3.117
55.0
3.842
3.809
3.777
3.745
3.714
3.683
3.653
3.625
3.596
3.568
60.0
4.459
4.416
4.375
4.333
4.292
4.253
4.214
4.176
4.139
4.102
65.0
5.206
5.150
5.095
5.041
4,988
4.936
4,886
4.837
4.789
4.741
70.0
6.114
6.040
5.969
5.899
5.830
5.763
5.697
5,634
5.571
5.510
75.0
7.226
7,130
7,037
6.945
6,855
6.768
6,683
6.600
6,519
6.440
Table 25
110.0
111.0
112.0
113.0
114.0
116.0
117.0
119.0
120.0
16.129
16.446
16.769
17.095
17.426 i17.763
18.104
18.453
18.803
19.158
19.518
10.0
1.222
1.221
1.219
1.218
1.217
1.216
1.215
1.214
1.212
1.211
1.210
15.0
1.357
1.354
1.352
1.350
1.348
1.346
1.344
1.342
1.340
1.338
1.336
20.0
1.510
1.507
1.504
1.500
1.497
1.494
1.491
1.488
1.485
1.482
1.479
25.0
1.687
1.682
1.677
30.0
1.890
1.883
1.877
1.673
1.668
1.870
1.864
1.663
1.659
1.655
1.650
1.646
1.642
1.858
1.852
1.846
1.840
1.834
1.828
35.0
2.126
2.117
2.107
2.099
2.090
2.082
2.073
2.065
2.057
2.049
2.041
40.0
2.400
2.388
2.376
2.364
2.353
2.341
2.330
2.319
2.308
2.298
2.287
45.0
2.720
50.0
3.096
2.704 3.075
2.689
2.673
2.658
2.643
2.629
2.615
2.601
2.587
2.573
3.055
3.035
3.015
2.996
2.977
2.959
2.940
2.922
2.904
55.0
3.540
3.513
3.486
3.460
3.434
3.410
3.385
3.362
3.338
3.315
3.292
60.0
4.067
4.031
3.997
3.964
3.931
3.898
3.867
3.836
3.806
3.776
3.746
65.0
4.695
4.650
4.606
4.562
4.520
4.478
4.438
4.399
4.360
4.321
4.284
70.0
5.450
5.392
5.335
5.278
5.224
5.171
5.119
5.068
5.018
4.969
4.921
75.0
i 6.362
6.2.7
6.213] 6.141
6.070
6.002
5.935
5.870
5.806
5.743
5.681
~
bar )
115.0
!118.0
Zco-Tev) ° c ' ~
J A. JIANG, S. DEVOTTA. F. A. WATSON and F. A. HOLLAND
52
Table 26.
r)
120.0
121.0
122.0
123.0
124.0
125.0
126.0
127.0
128.0
129.0
130.0
19.518
19.884
20.257
20.632
21.013
21.399
21.791
22.192
22.594
23.001
23.415 -4
I0.0
1.210
1.209
1.208
1.207
1.206
1.205
1.204
1.203
1.202
1.201
1.200
15.0
1.336
1.334
1.332
1.330
1.329
1.327
1.325
1.323
1.322
1.320
1.318
20.0
1.479
1.476
1.473
1.470
1.468
1.465
1.462
1.460
1.457
1.454
1.452
25.0
1.642
1.637
1.633
1.629
1.625
1.621
1.618
1.614
1.610
1.606
1.603
30.0
1.828
1.822
1.816
1.811
1.805
1.800
1.795
1.790
1.784
1.779
1.774
35.0
2.041
2.034
2.026
2.019
2.011
2.004
1.997
1.990
1.983
1.976
1.969
40.0
2.287
2.277
2.267
2.257
2.248
2.238
2,229
2.220
2.211
2.202
2.193
45.0
2.573
2.559
2.546
2.533
2.520
2.508
2.495
2.484
2.472
2.460
2.449
50.0
2.904
2.887
2.870
2.854
2.837
2.821
2.805
2.789
2.774
2.759
2.744
55.0
3.292
3.269
3.248
3.226
3.205
3.184
3.164
3.145
3.125
3.106
3.087
60.0
3.746
3.718
3.690
3.663
3.636
3.609
3.583
3.558
3.533
3.508
3.484
65.0
4.284
4.247
4.211
4.176
4.14I
4.108
4.075
4.043
4.011
3.980
3.949
70.0
4.921
4.874
4.829
4.784
4.740
4.697
4.654
4.613
4.573
4.533
4.495
75.0
5.681
5.622
5.564
5.506
5.450
5.395
5.342
5.290
5.238
5.188
5.139 I
Table 27.
"•c'O
°C
~
bar) 130.0
131.0
132.0
133.0
!34.0
135.0
136.0
137.0
138.0
139.0
140.0
23.415
23.833
24.259
24.691
25.128
25.570
26.019
26.475
26.936
27.403
27.877
10.0
1.200
1.199
1.198
1.197
1.196
1.195
1.194
1.193
1.192
1.191
1.191
1.310
1.309
1.307
1.306
1.304
1.303
Tco-TEv ) OC ~
15.0
1.318
1.316
1.315
1.313
1.312
20.0
1.452
1.449
1.447
1.444
1.442
1.440
1.437
1.435
1.433
1.430
1.428
25.0
1.603
1.599
1.595
1.592
1.589
1.585
1.582
1.579
1.576
1.573
1.569
30.0
1.774
1.769
1.764
1.760
1.755
1.750
1,746
1.741
1.737
1.733
1.728
1,938
1,931
1.925
1.920
1,914
1,908
35.0
1.969
1,963
1,956
1.950
1.944
40.0
2.193
2.184
2.175
2.167
2.159
2.151
2.143
2.135
2.127
2.120
2.112
45.0
2.449
2.438
2.426
2,416
2,405
2,395
2.384
2,374
2,364
2,354
2.345
50.0
2.744
2.729
2,715
2,702
2.688
2,674
2.661
2.648
2.635
2.623
2.611
55.0
3.087
3.067
3.049
3.031
3.014
2.996
2.980
2.963
2.947
2.931
2.916
60.0
3.484
3,460
3,437
3,415
3,393
3,371
3.349
3,327
3.307
3.286
3.267
65.0
3.949
3.919
3,889
3,861
3,833
3,805
3.778
3.751
3,725
3.700
3.675
70.0
4,495
4,457
4.419
4,383
4,348
4,312
4,278
4.245
4,212
4.180
4.148
75.0
5.139
5,090
5.043
4.997
4,952
4,908
4,865
4,823
4.782
4,741
4.702
i
0
5i
I0
30
with
I
20
30
I
50
(Tco-TEv),
40 °C
2 0 "1= drop
in heal"
"C
40
I
60
exchangers
Temperature lift (To -TsL
I
I0
I
0
Tempeml"ure l i f t
20
50
I
_Jo 70
20
25
g
I-.-
8
E_ O
.
E 15
2
Fig. 2. Compression ratio and theoretical Rankine coefficient of performance against temperature lift for R21 at a condensing temperature of 100°C and a condensing pressure of 13.197 bar.
o L)
8
o
%
> a.uJ
-
E
8
-~ 6
"Fco: IOO" C
Pco : 13.197 bar
35
t>
L)
0
~1-
I0
2O
3O
x£
4O
50
/
'1
Temperature lift (Tco-TEvl , °C
\
Tco = 140°C
Condensing temperature
Tco : IOoC
111"
20
25
60
7O
T~o.,,,o.~ 1 '°
=IO°C
30
3,5
_E
o I--
4:
8
rv.
~6 c
o
aE
0
a-~c
Fig. 3. Variation of compression ratio and theoretical Rankine coefficient of performance with temperature lift and condensing temperature for R21.
oE
i
n _o
!
1,5r
~o
o
,-I
~o
I
2
3
5
lift
6
7
= 30"C
8
9
I0
Compression ratio Pco /PEV , dimensmnless
4
I | \~-Temperoture
II
12
/
/
/
Fig. 4. Theoretical Rankine coefficient of performance against compression ratio showing the influence of temperature lift and condensing temperature for R21.
!
Condensing temperature
~'HF c°='°°~
i
I
60
I
I00
(Tco--TEv)=70 *C
I
120 Condensing lemperol-ure Tc,~,
I
80
°c
(Tco-TEv) = 5 0 *C
ITco--TEv) = 30
°C
140
Fig. 5. Theoretical Rankine coelficient of performance against condensing temperature for various temperature lifts for R21.
u
E
°
40
12
~
I0
M
~
~
16
Tempero1.ure l i f t
Z
R
>
.-,1
r~
-I
-,I .>
O ,-4
{.#)
Z
m
Thermodynamic design data
55
12
Temperature lift (Tco-T~v) =7S *C I0
.~
9
~
8
(Tco--Tc~) = 60 t
.o
*c
oE
0
=4o *c
(T~o-T~) tl
I
I
I
I
I
40
60
80
tO0
120
140
Condensing l"emperal"ure Tco,
*C
Fig. 6. Compression ratio against condensing temperature for various lifts for R21.
heat pump systems to be carefully matched in a specific application. This is further illustrated by Fig. 4, which is a plot of (COPh against Pco/PEv for various temperature lifts ( T c o - TEV).Figure 4 implies that relatively high coefficients of performance are only possible for relatively low temperatures lifts and compression ratios. The sensitivities of (COPh and Pco/PEvto the condensing temperature Tco at various temperature lifts (Tco - TEv) are illustrated in Figs 5 and 6 respectively. Figure 5 shows that the theoretical Rankine coefficient of performance (COPh increases almost linearly with the condensing temperature for all temperature lifts, reaching maxima in the region of Tco= 120°C. The maximum is more pronounced for lower temperature lifts. Figure 6 shows the variation of compression ratio with condensing temperature for various lifts.
0198-7593 82/0100-19502.00'0 Copyright (5 1982PergamonPress Ltd
Heat Recovery Systems
DERIVED FOR HEAT
THERMODYNAMIC DESIGN PUMP SYSTEMS OPERATING
DATA O N R21
J. A. JIANG, S. DEVOTTA, F. A. WATSON a n d F. A. HOLLAND Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, England A b s t r a c t - - T h e theoretical Rankine coefficients of performance ( C O P h and the compression ratios have been presented for heat p u m p s operating on R21. These values are listed in tabular form for temperature lifts of 10-75°C in 5°C increments and condensing temperatures Tco for every degree in the range 10-140°C. Several graphs have been drawn to illustrate the feasible operating range for R21 heat p u m p systems. The derived thermodynamic data can be used for the rapid preliminary design of heat p u m p systems operating on R21. NOMENCLATURE (COP)R Hx Pco PEV
Tco
TD
TEv Ts (t'x
Rankine coefficient of performance of a heat p u m p [dimensionless] Enthalpy per unit mass at state condition X [kJ k g - ' ] Pressure in the condenser of a heat p u m p system [bar] Pressure in the evaporator of a heat p u m p system [bar] Temperature of the working fluid in the condenser [K or °C] Temperature of the heat sink fluid from the heat p u m p system [ K or °C] Temperature of the working fluid in the evaporator [ K or °C] Temperature of the heat source fluid to the heat p u m p system [K or °C] Entropy per unit mass at state condition X [kJ k g - t K - t] INTRODUCTION
A VAPOURcompression heat pump system consists of two heat exchangers, a compressor and an expansion valve. Operation of the system is based on continuous recycling of a working fluid. The working fluid vapourises in the evaporator heat exchanger at a temperature TEv by extracting heat from a heat source and, after compression, releases its latent heat in the condenser heat exchanger at a higher temperature Tco to a heat sink. Table 1. Physical data for R21
TCO
PCO
°c
bar
density kg m
-3
liquid
vapour
PV bar m3kg-1
MJ
enthalpy of saturated vapour kJ kg -1
latent heat
kJ kg-1
mala of working f l u i d kg 14,1"- I
0.0
0.7095
1426.1
3.299
0.21504
245.805
0.8110
345.805
4.0683
5.0
0.8711
1414.6
3.995
0.21805
243.016
0.9709
348.315
4.1150
I0.0
1.0605
1403.1
4.800
0.22094
240.152
1.1528
350.810
4.1640
15.0
1.2807
1391.3
5.726
0.22369
237.213
1.3582
353.285
4.2156
20.0
1.5349
1379.4
6.783
0.22628
234.204
1.5886
355.738
4.2698
25.0
1.8264
1367.4
7.985
0.22873
231.125
1.8455
358.165
4.3267
30.0
2.1587
1355.2
9.344
0.23102
227.979
2.1302
360.564
4.3864
35.0
2.5352
1342.7
10.873
0.23316
224.770
2.4439
362.932
4.4490
4.5148
40.0
2.9595
1330.1
12.588
0.23510
221.496
2.7882
365.265
45.0
3.4353
1317.3
14.504
0.23685
218.162
3.1642
367.561
4.5837
50.0
3.9663
1304.2
16.635
0.23843
214.766
3.5726
369.816
4.6562
55.0
4.5564
1290.9
19.001
0.23980
211.308
4.0151
372.025
4.7324
37
38
J A JIANG, S, DEVOTTA, F A WATSON a n d F A HOLLAND Table 1
(contdL
-3 TCO
PCO
density kg m
PV
latent heat
bar m3kg I
°C
60.0
bar
liquid
vapour
5.2096
1277.3
21.621
kJ kg -I
0.24095
MJ m -3
207.789
4.4926
enthalpy of saturated vapour kJ kg -I
374.187
mass of working fluid kg NJ-1
6.8126
65.0
5.9294
1263.5
24.515
0.24187
204.206
5.0061
376.296
4.8970
70.0
6.7202
1249.4
27.697
0.24263
200.553
5.5547
378.346
4.9862
75.0
7.5863
1235.0
31.204
0.24312
196.830
6.1418
380.334
5.0805
80.0
8.5334
1220.0
35.193
0.24247
192.988
6.7919
382.226
5.1817
85.0
9.5612
1205.0
39.313
0.24320
189.139
7.4356
384.095
5.2871
90.0
10.6785
1189.5
43.962
0.24290
185.161
8.1401
385.859
5.4007
95.0
11.8891
1173.5
49.066
0.24230
181.076
8.8847
387.533
5.5226
100.0
13.1974
1157.0
54.668
0.24141
176.872
9.6693
389.108
5.6538
105.0
14.6091
1140.0
60.823
0.24019
172.530
10.4938
390.571
5.7961
110.0
16.1290
1122.3
67.598
0.23860
168.028
11.3584
391.910
5.9514
115.0
17.7625
1104.2
75.068
0.23662
163.340
12.2616
393.111
6.1222
TCO
Pco
density kg m
-3
PV
latent heat
bar m3kg-I
°C
bar
liquid
vapour
kJ kg -I
MJ m-3
enthalpy of saturated vapour kJ kg -I
mass of working fluid kg MJ-1
120.0
19.5179
1085.1
83.324
0.23424
158.435
13.2014
394.153
6.3117
125.0
21.3992
1065.1
92.488
0.23137
153.267
14.1753
395.014
6.5245
130.0
23.4148
1044.1
102.696
0.22800
147.789
15.1773
395.666
6.7664
135.0
25.5721
1022.0
114.153
0.22401
141.929
16.2017
396.068
7.0458
140.0
27.8788
998.4
127.128
0.21929
135.584
17.2365
396.170
7.3755
145.0
30.3446
972.9
141,970
0.21374
128.666
18.2668
395.916
7.7720
150.0
32.9802
945.1
159.160
0.20721
121.027
19.2627
395.218
8.2626
155.0
35.7963
913.5
180.305
0.19853
112.036
20.2007
393.779
8.9257
160.0
38.8010
882.7
201.058
0.19299
103.093
20.7277
392.303
9.7000
165.0
42.0188
841.5
231.846
0,18123
91.088
21.1183
389.110
10.9784
170.0
45.4611
790.1
272.668
0.16672
76.021
20.7284
384.199
13.1543
175.0
49.1399
728.3
323.525
0.15189
57.892
18.7294
377.571
17.2737
178.50 critical
51.890
522.0
522.000
0.09941
0.000
0.0000
348.942
Oo
The condensing temperature Tco, the gross temperature lift (Tco - TEv) and the compression ratio Pco/PEv, which is the ratio of the corresponding saturation pressures in the condenser and evaporator, are the critical parameters which determine the feasible operating range of a heat pump with a particular working fluid R21 is one of the working fluids potentially suitable for high temperature heat pump systems Its chemical formula is CHCIzF and its critical temperature and pressure are 451.5 K and 51.89 bar, respectively Physical data for R21 are listed in Table 1 The principal advantages of R21 is its relatively high latent heat which means a relatively low mass circulation rate per unit of latent heat delivered
Thermodynamic design data
39
DERIVED THERMODYNAMIC DATA
The operation of a conventional vapour compression heat pump is based on the Rankine cycle. The ideal Rankine cycle is illustrated in Fig. 1 which is a plot of pressure P against enthalpy per unit mass H for R21. With reference to Fig. 1, the theoretical Rankine coefficient of performance of a heat pump can be defined as HD1 HD3 HD1 -- Hs2' -
(COP)~ -
-
(1)
Since the compression from point $2 to point D1 is isentropic, q~s2 = qbDl where 4) is the entropy per unit mass. For design purposes, the enthalpy per unit mass of the superheated vapour at DI can be approximately related to the enthalpy per unit mass of the saturated vapour at point D2 by the equation (2)
HDI ---- HD2 q- (~bS2 -- ¢~D2) Tco.
Equations (1) and (2) can be used to calculate (COP)R values for any desired condensing temperature Tco and temperature lift (Too - TEv) from the saturation properties of the chosen working fluid. Here, the theoretical Rankine coefficient of performance (COP)R and the compression ratio Pco/PEv have been calculated for R21 for temperature lifts of 10-75°C in 5°C increments and condensing temperatures Tco for every degree in the range 10-140°C. The basic thermodynamic properties of R21 used in the calculations have been taken from Thermodynamic Properties of Arcton 21 SI Units published by Imperical Chemical Industries Ltd., Imperial Chemical House, Millbank, London SW1P 3JF. Tables 2-14 list the calculated (COP)R values and Tables 15-27 the calculated Pco/PEv values. Figures 2-6 are plotted from the data listed in the tables. DISCUSSION OF DERIVED DATA
In Fig. 2 the compression ratio Pco/PEv and theoretical Rankine coefficient of performance (COP)R are plotted against the temperature lift ( T c o - TEv) for a condensing temperature of 100°C. The effective temperature lift will be reduced by 20°C if there is a temperature drop of 10°C in each of the heat exchangers. Figure 3 shows that Pco/PEv values for a given temperature lift ( T c o - TEv) are extremely sensitive to the condensing temperature Tco. In contrast, the (COP)R values are almost independent of the condensing temperature. Figure 3 highlights the necessity for
50
20 D3 O II I0
,5
o~ e)
2
I
n
0.5
i00
I ;40
I
I 180
I
220
260
300
EnTholpy per unit" moss H , Fig. 1.
540
380
kJ kg -~
Pressure against e n t h a l p y per unit mass f o r R21.
420
40
J . A . JIANG. S. DEVOTTA, F. A. WATSON a n d F. A. HOLLAND
T a b l e s 2-14. T h e o r e t i c a l R a n k i n e coefficients of p e r f o r m a n c e (COPIR for a r a n g e of lifts a n d c o n d e n s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e s for R21 bar)
10.0
tl.0
12.0
13.0
I4.0
15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
20.0
1.061
1.102
1.145
1.189
1.234
1.281
1.329
1.378
1.429
1.481
1.535
(Tco'TEV) ° C ~ 10.0
,-
27.62
27.72
27.81
27.90
27.99
28.08
28.18
28.26
28.36
28.54
15.o
18.23
18.29
18.35
18.41
18.47
18.52
18.59
18.64
18.70
18,82
2o.0
13.53
13.58
13.62
13.67
13.71
13.75
13.80
13.84
13.88
13.97
25.0
10.72
10.76
10.79
10.82
10.86
10.89
10.93
10.96
10.99
11,06
30.0
8.85
8.88
8.91
8.93
8.96
8.99
9.02
9.04
9.07
9.13
35.0
7.52
7.54
7.56
7.59
7.61
7.63
7.66
7.68
7.70
7.75
40.0
6.52
6.54
6.56
6.58
6.60
6.62
6.64
6.66
6.68
45.0
5.75
5.76
5.78
5.80
5.81
5.83
5.85
5.86
5.88
5.92
50.0
5.13
5.14
5.16
5.17
5.19
5.20
5.22
5.23
5.25
5.28 4.76
6.72
!
55.0
4.63
4.64
4.65
4.67
4.68
4.69
4.71
4.72
4.73
60.0
4.21
4.22
4.23
4.25
4.26
4.27
4.28
4.29
4.30
65.0
3.86
3.87
3.88
3.89
3.90
3.91
3.92
3.93
3.94
3.96
70.0
3.56
3.57
3.58
3.59
3.60
3.61
3.62
3.63
3.64
3.65
75.0
.
3.32
3.33
3.34
3.35
3.35
3.36
3.37
3.39
.
.
.
4.33
i
Table 3
I" T ' ~ C
O bar)
20.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
2/*.0
25.0
26.0
27.0
28.0
29.0
30.0
1.535
1.590
1.647
1.705
1.765
1.826
1.889
1.954
2.021
2.089
2.159
10.0
28.54
28.62
28.71
28.81
28.90
28.99
29.06
29.16
29.25
29.34
29.43
15.0
18.82
18.88
18.94
19.00
19.06
19.12
19.17
19.23
19.29
19.34
19.40
20.0
13.97
14.01
14.05
14.10
14.14
14.18
14.23
14.27
14.31
14.35
14.40
25.0
11.06
11.09
11.13
11.16
11.20
11.23
11.26
11.29
11.33
11.36
11.39
30.0
9.13
9.15
9.18
9.21
9.24
9.26
9.29
9.32
9.34
9.37
9.40
35.0
7.75
7.77
7.79
7.82
7.84
7.86
7.88
7.91
7.93
7.95
7.97
40.0
6.72
6.73
6.75
6.77
6.79
6.81
5.83
6.85
6.87
6.89
6.91
45.0
5.92
5.93
5.95
5.97
5.98
6.00
6.02
6.03
6.05
6.07
6.08
V} ~.~ ~C~'~ : (Tco-TE
50.0
5.28
5.29
5.31
5.32
5.34
5.35
5.37
5.38
5.39
5.41
5.42
55.0
4.76
4.77
4.78
4.80
4.81
4.82
4.84
4.85
4.86
4.87
4.89
60.0
4.33
4.34
4.35
4.36
4.37
4.38
4.40
4.41
4.42
4.43
4.44
65.0
4.02
4,03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
3.96
3.97
3.98
4.00
4.01
70.0
3.65
3.66
3.67
3.68
3.69
3.70
3.71
3.72
3.73
3.74
3.75
75.0
3.39
3.40
3.41
3.41
3.42
3.43
3.44
3.45
3.46
3.46
3.47
Thermodynamic
design data
41
T a b l e 4.
"~co ~ . r ~ L 3°'° (Tco-TEv) OC~
2.159
31.0
32.0
33.0
4.0
35.0
~6.0
37.0
38.0
9.0
40.0
2.230
2.304
2.379
.456
2.535
:.616
2.699
2.784
.871
2.960
30.30
10.0
29.43
29 • 53
29.61
29.68
9.76
29.85
:9.96
30.05
30.13
0.22
15.0
19.40
19.46
19.52
19.57
9.63
19.69
9.75
19.80
19.86
~.91
19.97
20.0
14.40
14.44
14.48
14.52
4.56
14.60
4.64
14.69
14.73
~.77
14.81
25.0
11.39
11.43
11.46
11.49
1.52
11.56
1.59
11.62
11.65
1.69
11.72
30.0
9.40
9.42
9.45
9.48
9.50
9.53
9.58 I
9.61
9.63
9.66
35.O
7.97
7.99
8.04
8.06
8.08
8.11
8.13
8.15
8.17
8.19
40.0
6.91
6.93
8.02 i I 6.95 I
6.96
6.98
7.00
7.02
7.04
7.06
7.08
7.10
45.0
6.08
6.10
6.11
6.13
6.15
6.16
6.18
6.20
6.21
6.23
6.24
5.54
9.56
50.0
5.42
5.44
5.45
5.47
5.48
5.49
5.51
5.52
5.55
5.57
55.0
4.89
4.90
4.91
4.92
4.94
4.95
4.96
4.98
4.99
5.00
5.01
60.0
4.44
4.45
4.46
4.48
4.49
4.50
4.51
4.52
4.53
4.54
4.55
65.0
4.07
4.08
4.O9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
70.0
3.75
3.76
3.77
3.77
3.78
3.79
3.80
3.81
3.82
3.83
3.84
3.53
3.54
3.55
3.55
75.0
3.47
3.48
3.49 I
3.50
3.51
3.51
3.52
Table 5
T~(p__
bar ) 40.0
4t.0
42.0
43.0
44.0
45.0
46.0
47.0
48.0
49.0
50.0
2.960
3.050
3.143
3.239
3.336
3.435
3.537
3.641
3.747
3.856
3.966
10.0
30.30
30.38
30.47
30.57
30.66
30.74
30.81
30.90
30.98
31.06
31.14
15.0
19.97
20.03
20.08
20.14
20.19
20.25
20.30
20.36
20.42
20.47
20.52
20.0
14.81
14.85
14.89
14.93
14.97
15.01
15.06
15.10
15.14
15.18
15.21
25.0
11.72
11.75
11.78
11.81
11.85
11.88
11.91
11.94
11.97
12.00
12.03
30.0
9.66
9.69
9.71
9.74
9.76
9.79
9.81
9.84
9.87
9.89
9.92
35.0
8.19
8.22
8.24
8.26
8.28
8.30
8.32
8.34
8.37
8.39
8.41
40.0
7.10
7.11
7.13
7.15
7.17
7.19
7.21
7.22
7.24
7.26
7.28
45.0
6.24
6.26
6.28
6.29
6.31
6.32
6.34
6.36
6.37
6.39
6.40
50.0
5.57
5.58
5.59
5.61
5.62
5.64
5.65
5.66
5.08
5.69
5.70
55.0
5.01
5.02
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.09
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
60.0
4.55
4.56
4.58
4.59
4.60
4.61
4.62
4.63
4.64
6.65
4.66
65.0
4.17
4.18
4.19
4.20
4.21
4.22
4.23
4.24
4.24
4.25
4.26
70.0
3.84
3.85
3.86
3.86
3.87
3.88
3.89
3.90
3.91
3.92
3.92
75.0
3.55
3.56
3.57
3.58
3.59
3.59
3.60
3.61
3.62
3.62
3.63
(Tco'TEv) ° C ~
J A JIAN(i. S DEVOTTA. F A WATSON a n d F A HOLLAND
42
Table 6 oc )U.O
51.0
52.0
53.0
54.0
55.0
56.0
,96
4.080
4.195
4.313
4.433
4.556
4.682
I0.0
],1.14
31.23
31.31
31.40
31.48
31.57
31.64
15.0
t0.52
20.58
20.63
20.69
20.74
20.80
57.0
58.0
59.0
4.941
5.074
31.69
31.78
31.87
20.84
20.88
20.94
21.00
20.0
[5.21
15.25
15.29
15.34
15.38
15.42
15.45
15.48
15.52
15.56
25.0
L2.03
12.07
12.10
12.13
12.16
12.19
12.22
12.24
12.28
12.31
30.0
9.92
9.94
9.97
9.99
10.02
10.04
10.07
10.09
10.11
10.14
35.0
8.41
8.43
8.45
8.47
8.49
8.51
8.53
8.55
8.57
8.59
40.0
7.28
7.30
7.31
7.33
7.35
7.37
7.38
7.40
7.42
7.44
45.0
6.40
6.42
6.43
6.45
6.46
6.48
6.49
6.51
6.52
b.54
50.0
5.70
5.72
5.73
5.74
5.76
5.77
5.78
5.80
5.81
5.82
55.0
5.13
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.21
5.22
5.23
5.24
60.0
4.67
4.68
4.69
4.70
4.71
4.72
4.73
4.75
4.76
65.0
4.27
4.28
4.29
4.30
4.31
4.32
4.33
4.34 I
4.35
70.0
3.93
3.94
3.95
3.96
3.97
3.98
3.98
3.99
4.00
75.0
3.64
3.65
3.66
3.66
3.67
3.68
3.69
3.69
t
3.70
Table 7 CO °C
T
60.0
61.0
62.0
63.0
4.0
65.0
66.0
7.0
68.0
9.0
70.0
5.210
5.348
5.489
5.633
.780
5.929
6.082
,.237
6.395
• 556
6.720
10.0
31.98
32.09
32.14
32.18
2.25
32.30
32.41
~2.55
32.61
2.67
32.72
15.0
21.06
21.13
21.16
21.20
1.25
!1.30
21.35
~1.41
21.46
:1.51
21.55
20.0
15.61
15.65
15.68
15.71
5.75
L5.70
15.82
5.87
15.90
5.94
15.98
25.0
12.34
12.37
12.40
12.42
2.45
L2.48
12.51
2.54
12.57
2.60
12.63
30.0
10.16
10.19
10.21
10.23
0.26
L0.28
10.30
0.33
10.35
0.3B
10.40
35.0
8.61
8.64
8.66
8.67
8.69
8.71
8.73
8.75
8.77
8.79
8.81
40.0
7.45
7.47
7.49 I
7.50
7.52
7.54
7.55
7.57
7.59
7.60
7.62
45.0
6.55
6.57
6.58
6.60
6.bl
6.63
6.64
6.66
6.67
6.68
6.70
50.0
5.84
5.85
5.86
5.87
5.89
5.90
5.91
5.93
5.94
5.95
5.96
55.0
5.25
5.26
5.27 J
5.29
5.30
5.31
5.32
5.33
5.34
5.35
5.36
60.0
4.77
4.781
4.79J
4.80
4.81
4.82
4.83
4.84
4.85
4.86
4.87
65.0
4.36
4.37 i
4.381
4.38
4.39
4.40
4.41
4.42
4.43
4.44
4.45
70.0
4.01
402
403 I
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
75.0
3.71
3.72 I t
3.72
3.73
3.74
3.74
3.75
3.76
3.77
3.77
3.78
o
m
I
T h e r m o d y n a m i c design d a t a
43
T a b l e 8. C r}
10.0
70.0
71.0
V2.0
73.0
74.0
75.0
6.0
77.0
78.0
r9.0
~0.0
i.72(
6.888
r.05~
7.23U
7.4U6
7.586
.77U
~.958
8,140
1.33~
~.533
12.7~
32.74
12.86
32.99
33.08
33.14
3.16
~3.08
33.18
t3.27
}3.36
15.0
!1.5.~
21.60
!1,67
21.72
21.76
~'1.79
1,80
~1.82
21.89
1.95
22.01
20.0
L5o9e
16.01
~6.0~
16,08
16.12
L6.14
6.18
6.19
16,23
6.26
L6.29
25.0
L2.62
12.65
2.68
12.71
12.74
L2.76
2,78
L2.80
12.82
2.85
2.88
30.0
LO.4C
L0.42
0.44
10.47
10.49
L0.51
0.53
L0.54
10.56
0.59
LO.bl
35.0
8.81
8.83
8.85
8.87
8.89
8.90
8.92
8,93
8,95
8.97
8.99
40.0
7.62
7.64
7.65
7.67
7.69
7.70
7.71
7.72
7.74
7.76
7.77
45.0
6.70
6.71
6.73
6.74
6.76
6.77
6.78
6.79
6,80
6.82
6.83
50.0
5.96
5.98
5.99
6.00
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.07
6.08
55.0
5.36
5.37
5.38
5,40
5.41
5.42
5.43
5,43
5.44
5.45
5,47
60.0
4.87
4.87
4.88
4.89
4.90
4.91
4.92
4.93
4.94
4.95
4.96
65.0
4.45
4.45
4,46
4.47
4.48
4.49
4,50
4.50
4.51
4.52
4.53
70.0
4.09
4.10
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.15
4.16
75.0
3.78
3.79
3.79
3,80
3.81
3.81
3.82
3.83
3.83
3.84
3.85
Table 9 I
C
13.0
4.0
;.934
).140
.348
33.45
~3.53
13.59
22.01
22.05
2.09
20.0
16.29
16.32
25.0
12.88
12.91
30,0
10.61
10.63
35.0
8.99
9.01
80.0
81.0
;2.0
8,533
8.732
10.0
33.36
15.0
r)
i
I |5.0
:lb.O
87.0
iS.0
;9.0
1.561
}.778
9.998
).221
b.448
3.67
;3.77
33.86
34.04
~,4.09
14.13
34.18
!2.14
2.19
!2.23
Z2.28
22.31
~2.35
~2.39
22.45
I
6.36
~6.41
6.45
6.48
L6.51
16.53
16.56
6.59
16.62
I
2.94
L2.97
2.99
3.02
13.03
13.06
L3.09
3.12
13.14
0.65
~0.67
0.70
0.72
t0.74
10,76
L0.78
0.80
10.81
9.02
9.04
9.06
9.08
9.09
9.11
9.12
9.14
9.16
7.85
7.86
7.88
7.89
7.90
7.92
90.0
._
10.678 t
40.0
7.77
7.79
7.80
7.82
7.83
45.0
6.83
6,84
6.86
6.87
6.88
6.9~
6.91
6.92
6.93
6.94
6.96
50.0
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
6.17
6.18
6.19
55.0
5.~7
5.48
5,49
5.50
5.51
5.52
5.53
5.53
5.54
5.55
5.56
60.0
4.96
4.97 !
4.97
4.98
4,99
5.00
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.03
5.04
65.0
4.53
4,54
4.54
4.55
4.56
4.57
4.57
4.58
4.59
4.60
4.60
70.0
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.18
4.19
4.20
4.20
4.21
4.22
4.22
4.23
75.0
3.85
3.85
3.86
3.87
3.87
3.88
3.88
3.89
3.90
3.90
3.91
I
44
J. A J1ANG. S. DEVOTTA. F. A WATSON a n d F. A HOLt Ar~D
T a b l e 10
I0.0
94.0
)5.0
96.0
97.0
98.0
P9.0
lO0.O
1 L.394
1.639
L.889
12.143
12.401
12.662
:.928
|3.197
;4.33
34.36
;4.41
34.45
34.47
34.53
~4.59
34.64
91.0
)2.0
)3.0
).678
10.913
.152
14.18
34.23
4.26
90.0
15.0
!2.45
22.50
~2.59
~.2.63
22.65
~.2.68
22.70
22,71
22.74
~2.77
22.81
20.0
6.62
16.66
6.68 I
L6.71
16.73
L6.77
16.80
16.84
16.87
6.89
16.91
25.0
3.14
13.16
3.18
L3.21
13.23
L3.25
13.27
13,28
13.30
3.32
13.35
30.0
0.81
10.83
0.85
L0.87
10.89
~0.91
10.92
10.93
10.95
0.97
10.98
35.0
9.16
9.17
9.19
9.21
9.22
9.23
9.24
9.26
9.27
9.29
9.30
40.0
7.92
7.93
7.94
7.96
7.97
7.98
7.99
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
45.0
6.96
6.97
6.98
6.99 I
7.00
7.01
7.02
7,03 I
7.04
7.05
7.06
50.0
6.19
6.20
6.21
6.22 1
6.23
6.24
6.25
6.25
6.26
6.27
6.28
55.0
5.56
5.57
5.58
5.59 i
5.60
5.61
5.61
5.62
5.63
5.64
5.64
60.0
5.04
5.05 i
5.06
5.07
5.07
5.08
5.09
5.0~
5. I0
5.11
5.12
65.0
4.60
4.61
4.62
4.63
4.63
4.64
4.64
4.65
4.66
4.66
4.67
70.0
4.23
4.24
4.24
4.25
4.26
4.26]
4.27
4.27
4.28
4.28
4.29
75.0
3.91
3.91
3.92
3.92
3.93
3.94
3.94
3.95
3.95
3.96
3.96
T a b l e 11.
°C
r)
100.0
101.0
102.0
103.0
104.0
105.0
106.0
108.0
109.0
110.0
13.197
13.472
13.751
14.032
14.318
14.609
14.905
[107.0 15.205
15.509
15.816
16.129
I0.0
34.64
34.67
34.68
34.76
34.82
34.87
34.91
34.99
35.02
35.08
35.11
15.0
22.81
22.84
22.85
22.91
22.94
22.97
22.98
23.00
23.02
23.07
23.09
20.0
16.91
16.93
16.94
16.97
16.99
17.01
17.03
17.04
17.06
17.09
17.11
25.0
13.35
13.37
13.40
13.42
13.44
13.45
13.46
13.47
13.48
13.50
13.52
30.0
10.98
II.00
II.01
11.03
11.04
II.06
11.07
II.I0
II.II
11.12
11.13
35.0
9.30
9.31
9.32
9.34
9.35
9.36
9.37
9.38
9.39
9.40
9.42
40.0
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
8.10
8.10
8.11
8.12
8.13
8.14
45.0
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
7.10
7.11
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
7,15
50.0
6.28
6.29
6.30
6.31
6.31
6.32
6.33
6.34
6.34
6.35
6.36
55.0
5.64
5.65
5.66
5,67
5.67
5.68
5.69
5.69
5.70
5.70
5.71
60.0
5.12
5.12
5.13
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.15
5.16
5.16
5.17
5.17
65.0
4.67
4.68
4.68
4.69
4.69
4.70
4.70
4.71
4.71
4.72
4.72
70.0
4.29
4.29
4.30
4.30
4.31
4.31
4.32
4.32
4.33
4.33
4.34
75.0
3.96
3.97
3.97
3.97
3.98
3.98
3.99
3.99
3.99
4.00
4.00
T h e r m o d y n a m i c design d a t a
45
T a b l e 12
110.0
111.0
112.0
113.0
114.0
115,0
116.0
117.0
118.0
119.0
120.0
16.129
16.446
16.769
17.095
17.426
17.763
18.104
18.453
18.803
19,158
19.518
10.0
35.11
35.10
35.08
35.11
35.16
35.22
35.27
35.24
35.29
35.36
35.38
15.0
23.09
23.10
23.10
23.14
23.17
23.20
23.22
23.22
23.23
23.27
23.28
17.10
17,13
17,15
17.17
17.19
17.20
17.21
17.24
17.25
ar)
20.0
17.11
17.11
25.0
13.52
13.52
13.52
13,54
13.56
13.57
13.58
13.58
13.59
13.61
13.62
30.0
11.13
11.14
11.13
11.15
11.16
11.17
11.18
11.18
11.19
11.21
11.21
35.0
9.42
9.42
9.43
9.45
9.45
9.46
9.47
9.47
9.48
9.49
9.49
40.0
8.14
8.14
8.15
8.15
8.16
8.17
8.18
8.19
8.20
8.20
8.21
45.0
7.15
7.15
7.15
7.16
7.17
7.18
7.18
7.18
7.19
7.20
7.20
50.0
6.36
6.36
6.36
6.37
6.38
6,38
6.39
6.39
6,39
6.40
6.40
55.0
5.71
5.71
5.72
5.72
5.73
5,73
5.74
5.74
5.74
5.75
5.75
60.0
5.17
5.18
5.18
5.19
5.19
5.19
5.20
5.20
5.20
5,21
5.21
65.0
4.72
4,72
4.73
4.73
4.74
4.74
4.74
4.75
4.75
4.75
4.75
70.0
4.34
4.34
4.34
4.34
4.35
4.35
4.36
4.36
4.36
4.36
4.37
75.0
4.00
4.01
4.01
4.01
4.01
4.02
4.02
6.02
4.02
4.03
4.03
125.0
126.0
7.0
~8.0
129.0
130.0
23.001
23.415
Table 13
r)
1 !0.0
121.0
123.0
14.0
1 t.518
19.884
20.632
10.0
15.38
35.39
35.49 I
15.0
~3.28
23.28
23.31
21.399
21.791
.192
2.594
15.57
35.53
35.40
5.32
35.34
35.28 I 35.33
:3.35
23.35
23.32
3.30
73.30
23.30
23.30
,013
20.0
7.25
17.24
17.26 I
7.28
17.29
17.26
7.23
17.24
17,24
17.25
25.0
3.62
13.62
13.64
3.66
13.66
13.64
3.62
13,62
13.63
13.63
30.0
1.21
11.21
II.22
1.23
11.23
11.22
1.21
11.22
11.22
11.22
35.0
9.49
9.49
9.50 I
9.51
9.51
9.50
9.49
9.49
9.50 I
9.50
40.0
8.21
8.21
8,21
8.22
8.22
8.21
8.21
8.21
8,21
8.21
45.0
7.20
7.20
7.22
7.22
7.22
7.22
7.21
7.21
7.21
7.21
50.0
6.40
6.41
6.41
6.41
6.42
6.41
6.41
6.42
6.42
6.42
55.0
5.75
5.75
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
60.0
5.21
5.21
5.22
5.22
5.22
5.22
5.22
5.22
5.22
5.22
65.0
4.75
4.76
4.76 J
4.76
4.76
4.76
4.76
4.76
4.76
4.76
70.0
4.37
4.37
4.37 J
4.37
4.37
4.37
4.37
4.37
4.37
4.37
4.04
4.04
4.03
4.03
4.03
4.03
4.03
I
75.0
4.03
4.03
4.03 I
I
46
J . A . JIANG, S. DEVOTTA, F. A. WATSO~ a n d F. A. HOLLAND Table 14 CO °C
~
~
14o.o
p.936 ! 2r.403
27.877
5.50
|5.41
35.33
'3.25 I
!3.17
23.15
17.24
7.23
L7.18
17.17 ]
3.63 I
13.63
3,61
L3,59
13.57
LI.21
14.0
135.0
1
.691
i.128
25.570
2 p.olg- 2 6 . 4 7 5
35.511
35.43
15.31
35.28
;s.45 I
35.55
~3.34
23.37]
23.34
!3.29
23.27
!3.30
23.28
17.25
7.29
17.311
17.29
L7.27
17.25
3.25
13.63
3.65
13.65 /
13.64
L3.63
13.62 11.21
31.0
23,415
3.833
10.0
35.33
~5.48
15.0
23.30
20.o 25.0
% o - % v ) %~
bS.0 I 11_9.o
16.0
3 . o
130.0
bar
137.0
I
.__._--------
30.0
11.22
1.23
11.241
11.22
LI.22
11.20
1.19 I
LI.18
11.16
35.0
9.50
9.51
9.51!
9.50
9.50
9.49
9.49 1
9.48
9.47 I
9.46
9.45
40.0
8.211
8.22
8.221
8,21
8.21
8.20
8.20
8.20
8.19 I
8.18
8.17
7.18
7.17
45.0
7.21
7.22
7.221
7.21
7.21
7.20
7.20
7.19
7.19
50.0
6.42
6.42
6.42[
6.41
6.41
6.41
6.4U
6.40
6.39
6.39
6.38
55.0
5.76
5.76
5.77 [
5.76
5.76
5.76
5,75
5.75
5.74
5.74
5.73
60.0
5.22
5.22
5.221
5.22
5.21
5.21
5.21
5.21
5.20
5.20
5.19
65.0
4.76
4.76
4.761
4.76
4.76
4.76
4.75
4.75
4.75
4.74
4.74
70.0
4.37
4.37
4.371
4.37 I
4.37
4.37
4.36
4.36
4.36
4.35
4.35
7'5.0
4.03
4.03
4.03t
4.03
4.03
4.03
4.02
4.02
4.02
4.02 {
4.01
Tables 15-27 Compressnon ratios
Pco/PEvfor
a r a n g e of lifts a n d c o n d e n s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e s
C r)
10.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
20.0
1.061
1.102
1.145
1.189
1.234
1.281
1.329
1.378
1.429
1.481
1.535
1.495
1.490
1.485
1.480
1.475
1.470
1.465
1.461
1.456
1.452
1.447
15.0
1.852
1.842
1.833
1.823
1.814
1.805
1.796
1.787
1.779
1.770
1.762
20.0
2,317
2.301
2.284
2.268
2.252
2.237
2.221
2.207
2.192
2.178
2.163
25.0
2.929
2.902
2.875
2.849
2.823
2.798
2.774
2.750
2.726
2.703
2.681
30.0
3,743
3.700
3.658
3.617
3.576
3.537
3.499
3.461
3.425
3.389
3.354
35.0
4,839
4.772
4.706
4.643
4.580
4.520
4.461
4.403
4.347
4.293
4.239
40.0
6,333
6.230
6.129
6.031
5.9361
5.843
5.753
5.666
5.581
5.498
5,417
45.0
8.399 I 8.239
8.085
7.935
7.789
7.648
7.512
7.379
7.250
7.125
7.003
10.812
10.582
10.359
10.143
9.935
9.733
9.538
9.349
9.166
50.0
11,297
11.051
55.0
15.425
15.041
14.670
14.315
13.973
13.643
13.324
13.017
12.720
12.433
12.156
60.0
21,400
20.795
20.221
19.669
19.138
18.628
I8.135
17.661
17.207
16.771
16.350
65.0
30.193
29.250
28.349
27.479
26.647
25.844
25.074
24.343
23.643
22.971
22.325
70.0
43.422
41.890
40.442 3 9 . 0 6 3
37.733
36.463
35.268
34;129
33.032
31.984
30.973
58.825
54.460
52.438
50.509
48.688
46.957
45.289
43.699
75.0
I
56.586
T h e r m o d y n a m i c design d a t a
47
T a b l e 16.
r ) 20"0
I0.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
24.0
25.0
26.0
27.0
28.0
29.0
30.0
1.535
1.590
1.647
1.705
1.765
1.826
1.889
1.954
2.021
2.089
2.159
1.447
1.443
1.439
1.434
1.430
1.426
1.422
1.418
1.414
1.410
1.406
15.0
1.762
1.75~
1.746
1.738
1.730
1.722
1.715
1.707
1.700
1.693
1.686
20.0
2.163
2.150
2.136
2.123
2.110
2.097
2.084
2.071
2.059
2.047
2.035
25.0
2.681
2.658
2.637
2.616
2.595
2.574
2.554
2.535
2.515
2.496
2.478
30.0
3.354
3.319
3.286
3.253
3.221
3.190
3.159
3.129
3.100
3.071
3.043
35.0
4.239
4.187
4.136
4.087
4.038
3.991
3.944
3,899
3.855
3.812
3.770
40.0
5.417
5.338
5.262
5.188
5.115
5.044
4.975
4.908
4.843
4.779
4.717
45.0
7.003
6.885
6.771
6.659
6.551
6.446
6.344
6.244
6.147
6.053
5.962
50.0
9.166
8.989
8.817
8.651
8.490
8.333
8.181
8.034
7.891
7.753
7.618
55.0
12.156
11.889
11.631
11.382
11.141
10.907
10.682
10.463
10.252
10.047
9.849
60.0
16.350
15.945
15.555
15.179
14.816
14.465
14.127
13.802
13.488 1 3 . 1 8 4
12.892
65.0
22.325
21.703
21.104
20.533
19.985
19.455
18.947
18.450
17.987
17.534
17.097
70.0
30.973
30.006 129.090
28.213
27.373
26.565
25.789
25.043
24.332
23.650
22.995
75.0
43.699
42.206
39.417
38.113
36.855
35.655
34.520 3 3 . 4 3 3
32.394
31.398
40.783
T a b l e 17.
"~r~l
"x,~¢o °c
Tco'TEv ) Oc ~
30.0 2.159
31.0
32.0
33.0
34.0
35.0
36.0
37.0
38.0
39.0
40.0
2.230
2.304
2.379
2.456
2.535
2.616
2.699
2.784
2.871
2.960
I0.0
1.406
1.403
1.399
1.395
1.392
1.388
1.385
1,381
1.378
1.374
1.371
1'5.0
1.686
1.679
1.672
1.665
1.658
1.652
1.645
1.639
1.633
1.626
1.620
20.0
2.035
2.024
2.013
2,001
1.990
1.980
1.969
1.958
1,948
1.938
1.928
25.0
2.478
2.460
2.442
2.424
2.407
2.391
2.374
2.358
2.342
2.326
2.311
30.0
3.043
3.015
2.988
2.961
2.935
2.910
2.885
2.861
2.837
2.814
2.791
35.0
3.770
3.729
3.689
3.649
3.611
3.573
3.537
3.501
3.465
3.431
3.397
40.0
4.717
4.656
4.597
4.539
4.483
4.428
4.374
4.321
4.270
4.220
4.171
45.0
5.962
5.873
5.786
5.701
5.619
5.539
5.461
5.385
5.311
5.239
5.169
50.0
7.618
7.488
7.361
7.238
7.118
7.002
6.889
6.779
6.672
6.568
6.466
9.657
9.471
9.291
9.116
8.947
8.783
8.624
8.469
8.319
8.174
55.0
9.849
60.0
12.892
12.608
12.335
12.070
11.814
11.567
11.327
11.096
10.872
10.655
10.445
65.0
17.097
16.676
16.271
15.880
15.503
15.140
14.789
14.450
14.124
13.800
13.503
70.0
22.995
22.365
21.760
21.177
20.617
20.079
19.560
19.062
18.582
18.119
17.674
75.0
31.398
30.441
29.523
28.647
27.809
27.006
26.234
25.493
24.781
24.097
23.439
48
J . A . JIANG. S. DEVOTTA. F. A. WATSON a n d F. A. HOLLAND
T a b l e 18. ~
~0
.0
"~ ) °C
(T -T
°~
~o-~
41.0
I 2.960~.05(
I
42.0
43.0
44.0
45.0
460
47o
49.0
3.143
3.239
3.33(
3.43~
3.537
3.641¸3.74]
3.85(
3.966
1.35~
1.352
1.34(.
1.346
1.34~
1.340
1.57C
1.565
l 50.0
_
10,0
1.37
1.368
1.36~
1.361
1.351
15.0
1.621
1.614
1.605
1.603
1.59~
1.59]
1.586
1.58(
1.575
20.0
1.928!
1.918
1.90~
1.899
1.89C
1.88l
1.872
1.86,"
1.854
1.84(
1.837
25.0
2.311
2.296
2.28l
2.266
2.252
2.238 I 2.224
2.211
2.198
2.18~
2.172
30.0
2.791
2.768
2.74~
2.724
2.703
2.681
2.641
2.622
2.603
2.584
35.0
L393
L364
3.332
1.300
3.270
3.239 I 3.210
3.181
3.152
3.124
3.O97
40.0
~.171
%1241
4.077
~,032
3.987
3.942
3.901
3.859
3.819
3.779
3.740
45.0
i.169
~.100
5.033
i,968
4.904
4.842
4.782
4.722
4.664
~.608
4.553
50.0
~.466
i.368
~.272
i,179
6.088
6.000
5.913
5.830
5.748
5.668
5.590
55.0
;.174
1.032
/.895
.762
7.632
1.506
7.384
7.265
7.149
1.037
6.927
60.0
~.445
1 1.241
10.044
1,853
9.667
~.488
9.313
9.144
8.980
1.821
8.666
65,0
.503
1 ~.208
12.924
1.648
12.381
12.124
1.875
1.634
11.400
L.174
10.954
70.0
17.674
11.245
16.830
,431
16.045
15.674
5.315
4.969
14.634
b.310
13.998
75.0
23.439
Z:.807
22.201
.618
21.056
!0.516
9.995
9.494
19.011
~.545
18.097
2.662
T a b l e 19
~.
bar) Oc ~
50.0
51.0
52.0
53.0
54.0
55.0
56.0
57.0
58.0
59.0
60.0
3.966
4.080
4.195
4.313
4.433
4.556
4.682
4.810
4.941
5.074
5.210
(Tco-T~V) i
I0.0
1.340
1.337
1.335
1.332
1.329
1.326
1.324
1.321
1.319
1.316
1.313
15,0
1.565
1.559
1.554
1.549
1.544
1.540
1.535
1.530
1.526
1.521
1.516
20.0
1.837
1.829
1.821
1.813
1.805
1.797
1.790
1.782
1.775
1.768
1.760
25.0
2.172
2.159
2.147
2.135
2.122
2.111
2.099
2.088
2.077
2.066
2.055
30.0
2.584
2.566
2.547
2.529
2.512
2.495
2.478
2.462
2.445
2.429
2.413
35.0
3.097
3.070
3.044
3.018
2.993
2.969
2.945
2.921
2.898
2.875
2.852
40.0
3.740
3.702
3.665
3.628
3.592
3.558
3.524
3.491
3.458
3.426
3.394
45.0
4.553
4.499
4.447
4.395
4.345
4.296
4.249
4.202
4.156
4.112
4.068
50.0
5.590
5.515
5.441
5.369
5.299
5.230
5.164
5.099
5.035
4.973
4.912
55.0
6.927
6.821
6.717
6.616
6.518
6.422
6.329
6.239
6.151
6.064
5.980
60.0
8.666
8.517
8.371
8.229
8.091
7.958
7.828
7.702
7.579
7.459
7.343
65.0
10.954
10.742
10.536
10.337
10.143
9.956
9.774
9.598
9.427
9.260
9.098
70.0
13.998
13.697
13.404
13.122
12.848
12.584
12.329
12.082
11.841
11.608
11.383
75.0
118.097
17.665
17.247
16.844
16.455
16.080
15.719
15.370
15.032
14.704
14.588
I
T h e r m o d y n a m i c design d a t a
49
Table i0
61,0
62,0
63.0
64.0
65,0
66.0
67,0
68,0
69.0
70.0
5.210
5.348
5.489
5.633
5,780
5.929
6.082
6.237
6.395
6.556
6.720
I0.0
1.313
1.311
1.308
1.306
1.304
1.301
1.299
1.297
1.294
1.292
1.290
15.0
1,516
1.512
1,508
1,503
1.499
1,495
1.491
1.487
1.483
1.479
1.475
20.0
1.760
1,753
1.746
1,739
1.733
1,726
1.719
1.713
1.707
1.700
1.694
25.0
2.055
2,044
2.034
2,023
2.013
2.004
1.994
1,984
1.975
1.965
1.956
r ) . . .60.0 ...
"•ba
T~-~,~ °~C
30.0
2.413
2.398
2.383
2.368
2.353
2.339
2.325
2.311
2.297
2.284
2.271
35.0
2.852
2.830
2.809
2,788
2.767
2.747
2.727
2.707
2.688
2.669
2.651
40.0
3,394
3.363
3.333
3.304
3.275
3.247
3.219
3,192
3.165
3.139
3,113
45.0
4.068
4,025
3.983
3.942
3,902
3.863
3.825
3,787
3.751
3,714
3.679
50.0
4.912
4.853
4.795
4,739
4,683
4.630
4.577
4.526
4.475
4.426
4.378
55.0
5.980
5.898
5,819
5.741
5.665
5.591
5,519
5.449
5,380
5.313
5.247
60.0
7.343
7.230
7.120
7.012
6.908
6.806
6.708
6,611
6,517
6,426
6,337
65.0
9.098
8.941
8.789
8.641
8.497
8.357
8,222
8.090
7.961
7.836
7,714
70.0
11.383
11.164
10,953
10.747
10.548
10.356
10,168
9.987
9,810
9.638
9.472
75.0
14.388
14.082
13.787
13.500
13.223
12.956
12.696
12.445
12.201
11.965
11.737
Table 21
71.0
72.0
73.0
74.0
75.0
76.0
77.0
78.0
79.0
80.0
6.888
7.057
7.230
7.406
7,586
7.770
7.958
8.146
8.338
8.533
1.290
1.288
1,286
1.284
1.281
1.279
1.278
1.276
1.274
1.272
1.270
[ 1.475
1.471
1,467
1,463
1.460
1.456
1.453
1.450
1.446
1.443
1.439
20.0
1.694
1.688
1.682
1,676
1.671
1.665
1.659
1.654
1 • 649
1.643
1.638
25.0
I 1.956
1,947
1.938
1.930
1.921
1.913
1.905
1.897
1.889
1.881
1.873
30.0
2.271
2.258
2.245
2,233
2.220
2.208
2.197
2,186
2.174
2.163
2.151
35.0
2.651
2.633
2.615
2.597
2.580
2.563
2.547
2.532
2.515
2.500
2.484
3.113
3.088
3.r63
3.039
3.015
2.992
2.970
2.948
2.926
2.905
2.883
10.0 15.0
I
40.0 i 45.0
3.679
3.645
3.611
3.578
3.546
3.514
3.484
3.454
3.424
3.395
3.366
4.378
4.332
4.285
4.240
4.196
4.154
4.112
4.072
4.032
3.992
3.953
55.0
5.247
5.184
5.121
5.060
5.000
4.942
4.886
4.832
4.777
4.724
4.672
60.0
6.337
6,250
6.165
6.082
6.002
5.923
5.848
5.774
5.701
5.629
5.560
65.0
7.714
7.596
7.481
7.368
7.259
7.153
7.051
6.952
6.853
6.757
6.663
70.0
9.472 I 111.737 [
50.0
75.0 ,
HJCS. 2/I- D
I
9.311
9.153
9.000
8.852
8.708
8.569
8.435
8.302
8.172
8.047
11.515
11.300
11.091
[0.888
0.693
LO.504
10.321
10.141
9.966
9.796
[
50
J.A. JIANG, S. DEVOTTA, F. A. WATSON and F. A. HOLLAND Table 22.
T~/p
bar ) 80.0
(Tco-TEv) ° C ~
8.533
81.0
82,0
83.0
84.0
85.0
86.0
87.0
88.0
89.0
90.0
8.732
8.934
9.140
9.348
9.561
9.778
9.998
10.221
10.448
10.678
I0.0
1.270
1.268
1.266
1.264
1.262
1.260
1.258
1.256
1.255
1.253
1.251
15.0
1.439
1.436
1.432
1.429
1.426
1.423
1.420
1.417
1.414
1.411
1.408
20.0
1.638
1.633
1.628
1.623
1.617
1.612
1.608
1.603
1.598
1.594
1.589
25.0
1.873
1.865
1.857
1.850
1.842
1.835
1.828
1.821
1.814
1.808
1.801
30,0
2.151
2.140
2.130
2.119
2.109
2.098
2.088
2.078
2.069
2.059
2.050
35.0
2.484
2.469
2.454
2.439
2.425
2.411
2.397
2.383
2.370
2.357
2.344
40.0
2.883
2.863
2.842
2.822
2.802
2.783
2.764
2.746
2.728
2.710
2.692
45.0
3.366
3.338
3.310
3.283
3.257
3.231
3.205
3.181
3.156
3.132
3.108
50.0
3.953
3.915
3.878
3.842
3.806
3.771
3.738
3.704
3.672
3.640
3.608
55.0
4.672
4.622
4.572
4.523
4.476
4.429
4.384
4.340
4.296
4.254
4.212
60.0
5.560
5.492
5.425
5.360
5.297
5.235
5.175
5.116
5.058
5.002
4.947
65.0
6.663
6.572
6.483
6.396
6.312
6.229
6.149
6.071
5.994
5.919
5.847
70.0
8.047
7.924
7.805
7.689
7.575
7.465
7.359
7.255
7.153
7.054
6.957
75.0
9.796
9.631
9.470
9.314
9.163
9.015
8.873
8.734
8.598
8.466
8.338
Table 23 T
C r]
90.0
91.0
92.0
93.0
94.0
95.0
96.0
97.0
98.0
99.0
100.0
10.678
10.913
11.152
11.394
11.639
11.889
12.143
12.401
12.662
12.928
13.197
10.0
1.251
1.250
1.248
1.247
1.245
1.243
1.242
1.240
1.239
1.237
1.236
ITco-TEv) O c ~ m
15.0
1.408
1.405
1.401
1.399
1.396
1.393
1.391
1.388
1.385
1.383
1.380
20.0
1.589
1.585
1.580
1.576
1.572
1.567
1.563
1.558
1.554
1.550
1.547
25.0
1.801
1.794
1.788
1.782
1.775
1.769
1.763
1.757
1.751
1.746
1.740
30.0
2.050
2.041
2.032
2.023
2.014
2.005
1.997
1.988
1.980
1.972
1.964
35.0
2.344
2.331
2.318
2.306
2.294
2.282
2.271
2.259
2.248
2.237
2.226
40.0
2.692
2.675
2.658
2.642
2.625
2.609
2.594
2.578
2.563
2.548
2.533
45.0
3.108
3.086
3.063
3.041
3.019
2.997
2.977
2.956
2.936
2.916
2.896
50.0
3.608
3.578
3.548
3.518
3.489
3.461
3.433
3.406
3.379
3.353
3.327
55.0
4.212
4.172
4.132
4.093
4.055
4.017
3.981
3.945
3.910
3.875
3.842
60.0
4.947
4.893
4.841
4.790
4.739
4.690
4.642
4.595
4.549
4.503
4.459
65.0
5.847
5.776
5.707
5.639
5.572
5.508
5.445
5.383
5.323
5.264
5.206
70.0
6.957
6.863
6.772
6.682
6.594
6.510
6.427
6.346
6.267
6.189
6.114
75.0
8.338
8.213
8.092
7.974
7.858
7.746
7.637
7.530
7.426
7.324
7.226
Thermodynamic design data
51
Table 24.
~(PCO
C
bar) 100.0
.reO oc ~ -'rEv )
13.197
101.0
102.0
103.0
104.0 .
105.0 .
106.0 .
107.0 .
108.0
109.0
13.472
13.751
14.032
14.318
14.609
i14.905
15.205
L5.509
15.81e
i,
10.0
1.236
1.234
1.233
1.232
1.230
1.229
1,227
1.226
1.225
1.223
15.0
1.380
1.378
1.375
1.373
1.371
1.368
1.366
1.363
1.361
1.359
20.0
1.547
1.543
1.539
1.535
1.532
1.528
1.524
1.521
1.517
1.514
25.0
1.740
1.734
1.728
1.723
1.717
1.712
1.707
1.702
1.697
1.692
30.0
1.964
1.956
1.949
1.941
1.933
1.926
1.918
1.911
1.904
1.897
35.0
2.226
2.215
2.205
2.194
2.184
2.174
2.164
2.155
2.145
2.136
40.0
2.533
2.$19
2.505
2.491
2.477
2.464
2.451
2.438
2.425
2.412
45~0
2.896
2.877
2.859
2.840
2.822
2.804
2.787
2.770
2.753
2.737
50.0
3.327
3.302
3.278
3.254
3.230
3.206
3.183
3.161
3.139
3.117
55.0
3.842
3.809
3.777
3.745
3.714
3.683
3.653
3.625
3.596
3.568
60.0
4.459
4.416
4.375
4.333
4.292
4.253
4.214
4.176
4.139
4.102
65.0
5.206
5.150
5.095
5.041
4,988
4.936
4,886
4.837
4.789
4.741
70.0
6.114
6.040
5.969
5.899
5.830
5.763
5.697
5,634
5.571
5.510
75.0
7.226
7,130
7,037
6.945
6,855
6.768
6,683
6.600
6,519
6.440
Table 25
110.0
111.0
112.0
113.0
114.0
116.0
117.0
119.0
120.0
16.129
16.446
16.769
17.095
17.426 i17.763
18.104
18.453
18.803
19.158
19.518
10.0
1.222
1.221
1.219
1.218
1.217
1.216
1.215
1.214
1.212
1.211
1.210
15.0
1.357
1.354
1.352
1.350
1.348
1.346
1.344
1.342
1.340
1.338
1.336
20.0
1.510
1.507
1.504
1.500
1.497
1.494
1.491
1.488
1.485
1.482
1.479
25.0
1.687
1.682
1.677
30.0
1.890
1.883
1.877
1.673
1.668
1.870
1.864
1.663
1.659
1.655
1.650
1.646
1.642
1.858
1.852
1.846
1.840
1.834
1.828
35.0
2.126
2.117
2.107
2.099
2.090
2.082
2.073
2.065
2.057
2.049
2.041
40.0
2.400
2.388
2.376
2.364
2.353
2.341
2.330
2.319
2.308
2.298
2.287
45.0
2.720
50.0
3.096
2.704 3.075
2.689
2.673
2.658
2.643
2.629
2.615
2.601
2.587
2.573
3.055
3.035
3.015
2.996
2.977
2.959
2.940
2.922
2.904
55.0
3.540
3.513
3.486
3.460
3.434
3.410
3.385
3.362
3.338
3.315
3.292
60.0
4.067
4.031
3.997
3.964
3.931
3.898
3.867
3.836
3.806
3.776
3.746
65.0
4.695
4.650
4.606
4.562
4.520
4.478
4.438
4.399
4.360
4.321
4.284
70.0
5.450
5.392
5.335
5.278
5.224
5.171
5.119
5.068
5.018
4.969
4.921
75.0
i 6.362
6.2.7
6.213] 6.141
6.070
6.002
5.935
5.870
5.806
5.743
5.681
~
bar )
115.0
!118.0
Zco-Tev) ° c ' ~
J A. JIANG, S. DEVOTTA. F. A. WATSON and F. A. HOLLAND
52
Table 26.
r)
120.0
121.0
122.0
123.0
124.0
125.0
126.0
127.0
128.0
129.0
130.0
19.518
19.884
20.257
20.632
21.013
21.399
21.791
22.192
22.594
23.001
23.415 -4
I0.0
1.210
1.209
1.208
1.207
1.206
1.205
1.204
1.203
1.202
1.201
1.200
15.0
1.336
1.334
1.332
1.330
1.329
1.327
1.325
1.323
1.322
1.320
1.318
20.0
1.479
1.476
1.473
1.470
1.468
1.465
1.462
1.460
1.457
1.454
1.452
25.0
1.642
1.637
1.633
1.629
1.625
1.621
1.618
1.614
1.610
1.606
1.603
30.0
1.828
1.822
1.816
1.811
1.805
1.800
1.795
1.790
1.784
1.779
1.774
35.0
2.041
2.034
2.026
2.019
2.011
2.004
1.997
1.990
1.983
1.976
1.969
40.0
2.287
2.277
2.267
2.257
2.248
2.238
2,229
2.220
2.211
2.202
2.193
45.0
2.573
2.559
2.546
2.533
2.520
2.508
2.495
2.484
2.472
2.460
2.449
50.0
2.904
2.887
2.870
2.854
2.837
2.821
2.805
2.789
2.774
2.759
2.744
55.0
3.292
3.269
3.248
3.226
3.205
3.184
3.164
3.145
3.125
3.106
3.087
60.0
3.746
3.718
3.690
3.663
3.636
3.609
3.583
3.558
3.533
3.508
3.484
65.0
4.284
4.247
4.211
4.176
4.14I
4.108
4.075
4.043
4.011
3.980
3.949
70.0
4.921
4.874
4.829
4.784
4.740
4.697
4.654
4.613
4.573
4.533
4.495
75.0
5.681
5.622
5.564
5.506
5.450
5.395
5.342
5.290
5.238
5.188
5.139 I
Table 27.
"•c'O
°C
~
bar) 130.0
131.0
132.0
133.0
!34.0
135.0
136.0
137.0
138.0
139.0
140.0
23.415
23.833
24.259
24.691
25.128
25.570
26.019
26.475
26.936
27.403
27.877
10.0
1.200
1.199
1.198
1.197
1.196
1.195
1.194
1.193
1.192
1.191
1.191
1.310
1.309
1.307
1.306
1.304
1.303
Tco-TEv ) OC ~
15.0
1.318
1.316
1.315
1.313
1.312
20.0
1.452
1.449
1.447
1.444
1.442
1.440
1.437
1.435
1.433
1.430
1.428
25.0
1.603
1.599
1.595
1.592
1.589
1.585
1.582
1.579
1.576
1.573
1.569
30.0
1.774
1.769
1.764
1.760
1.755
1.750
1,746
1.741
1.737
1.733
1.728
1,938
1,931
1.925
1.920
1,914
1,908
35.0
1.969
1,963
1,956
1.950
1.944
40.0
2.193
2.184
2.175
2.167
2.159
2.151
2.143
2.135
2.127
2.120
2.112
45.0
2.449
2.438
2.426
2,416
2,405
2,395
2.384
2,374
2,364
2,354
2.345
50.0
2.744
2.729
2,715
2,702
2.688
2,674
2.661
2.648
2.635
2.623
2.611
55.0
3.087
3.067
3.049
3.031
3.014
2.996
2.980
2.963
2.947
2.931
2.916
60.0
3.484
3,460
3,437
3,415
3,393
3,371
3.349
3,327
3.307
3.286
3.267
65.0
3.949
3.919
3,889
3,861
3,833
3,805
3.778
3.751
3,725
3.700
3.675
70.0
4,495
4,457
4.419
4,383
4,348
4,312
4,278
4.245
4,212
4.180
4.148
75.0
5.139
5,090
5.043
4.997
4,952
4,908
4,865
4,823
4.782
4,741
4.702
i
0
5i
I0
30
with
I
20
30
I
50
(Tco-TEv),
40 °C
2 0 "1= drop
in heal"
"C
40
I
60
exchangers
Temperature lift (To -TsL
I
I0
I
0
Tempeml"ure l i f t
20
50
I
_Jo 70
20
25
g
I-.-
8
E_ O
.
E 15
2
Fig. 2. Compression ratio and theoretical Rankine coefficient of performance against temperature lift for R21 at a condensing temperature of 100°C and a condensing pressure of 13.197 bar.
o L)
8
o
%
> a.uJ
-
E
8
-~ 6
"Fco: IOO" C
Pco : 13.197 bar
35
t>
L)
0
~1-
I0
2O
3O
x£
4O
50
/
'1
Temperature lift (Tco-TEvl , °C
\
Tco = 140°C
Condensing temperature
Tco : IOoC
111"
20
25
60
7O
T~o.,,,o.~ 1 '°
=IO°C
30
3,5
_E
o I--
4:
8
rv.
~6 c
o
aE
0
a-~c
Fig. 3. Variation of compression ratio and theoretical Rankine coefficient of performance with temperature lift and condensing temperature for R21.
oE
i
n _o
!
1,5r
~o
o
,-I
~o
I
2
3
5
lift
6
7
= 30"C
8
9
I0
Compression ratio Pco /PEV , dimensmnless
4
I | \~-Temperoture
II
12
/
/
/
Fig. 4. Theoretical Rankine coefficient of performance against compression ratio showing the influence of temperature lift and condensing temperature for R21.
!
Condensing temperature
~'HF c°='°°~
i
I
60
I
I00
(Tco--TEv)=70 *C
I
120 Condensing lemperol-ure Tc,~,
I
80
°c
(Tco-TEv) = 5 0 *C
ITco--TEv) = 30
°C
140
Fig. 5. Theoretical Rankine coelficient of performance against condensing temperature for various temperature lifts for R21.
u
E
°
40
12
~
I0
M
~
~
16
Tempero1.ure l i f t
Z
R
>
.-,1
r~
-I
-,I .>
O ,-4
{.#)
Z
m
Thermodynamic design data
55
12
Temperature lift (Tco-T~v) =7S *C I0
.~
9
~
8
(Tco--Tc~) = 60 t
.o
*c
oE
0
=4o *c
(T~o-T~) tl
I
I
I
I
I
40
60
80
tO0
120
140
Condensing l"emperal"ure Tco,
*C
Fig. 6. Compression ratio against condensing temperature for various lifts for R21.
heat pump systems to be carefully matched in a specific application. This is further illustrated by Fig. 4, which is a plot of (COPh against Pco/PEv for various temperature lifts ( T c o - TEV).Figure 4 implies that relatively high coefficients of performance are only possible for relatively low temperatures lifts and compression ratios. The sensitivities of (COPh and Pco/PEvto the condensing temperature Tco at various temperature lifts (Tco - TEv) are illustrated in Figs 5 and 6 respectively. Figure 5 shows that the theoretical Rankine coefficient of performance (COPh increases almost linearly with the condensing temperature for all temperature lifts, reaching maxima in the region of Tco= 120°C. The maximum is more pronounced for lower temperature lifts. Figure 6 shows the variation of compression ratio with condensing temperature for various lifts.