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Die zersto¨rung von Harnsteinen durch Ultraschall
SOVIET P H Y S I C S - ACOUSTICS Magnetic annealing of magnetostrictive
Design of optimum directional arrays ferdtes using linear programming techniques Ponkrat'eva, R. I., Presnova, L. A. Homogeneous spherical and cylindrical McMahone, G. W., Hubley, B., Mohammed, A. Vol 17, No 2 (Oct-Dec 1971) pp 220-223 lenses for the focusing of sound waves Vol 51, No 1, Part 2 (January 1972) The mechanism of the magnetic annealingKanevskii, I. N., Surikov, B. S. pp 304-309 induced increase in the magnetomechanical Vol 17, No 1 (July-Sept 1971) pp 4 3 - 4 7 The techniques of linear programming have coupling coefficient Krran of a magnetobeen applied to the synthesis of optimum mechanical transducer is investigated. Data Sound transmission through a transversely directional patterns from arrays of point is given on the stability of Kmm for ferrite isotropic layer of finite thickness elements. The simplex method has been transducers operating at remanent magnetiLonkevich, M. P. used to generate optimum element zation as compared with an external magnetic excitations for a given array when the Vol 17, No 1 (July-Sept 1971) pp 6 8 - 7 3 field. The values obtained for the activation desired directional characteristics are speciThe transmission of a plane sound wave through an isotropic (transverseley isotropic) energy and relaxation time of the process fied. Various criteria are included in the definition of optimality. Numerical layer of finite thickness, acting as a boundary are used to estimate the temporal stability of the parameters of the transducers. examples are given for arrays of up to 70 between liquid media with different wave elements. The size and geometry of arrays resistances is investigated. The layer matrix Acoustical properties of aluminium-zinc that can be treated by this approach are coefficients involved in the expression for alloys limited only by computation time and the transmission and reflection coefficient Rokhlin, L. L. computer storage requirements. are determined. The dependences of the Vol 17, No 2 (Oct-Dec 1971) pp 224-227 modulus of the transmission coefficient An investigation of the attenuation and on the wave thickness of the layer and angle velocity of ultrasound in alloys of aluminium of sound incidence are compared for PATENTS with zinc (up to 35% zinc by weight) is anisotropic and isotropic layers in a liquid. described. The attenuation coefficient Magneto-elastic delay lines exhibits a significant reduction with the Criterion defining the 'far zone' in wave Hazeltine Corp addition of 20-25% zinc to aluminium. It scattering by statistically uneven surfaces Patent No 1,236,349 (1971) filed 22 is also found that the velocity of ultrasound Lysanov, Yu. P. August 1969 in longitudinal and transverse modes decreases A delay line comprises a body of ferriVol 17, No 1 (July-Sept 1971) pp 9 2 - 9 6 as the zinc content is increased; the elastic Criteria are obtained to define the distance magnetic electrically-insulating material moduli and Poisson ratio are only slightly to the far zone (Fraunhofer zone) in wave (eg yttrium iron garnet) supported so that altered by variations of the zinc content. scattering by statistically uneven surfaces. an end face of the body abuts the end face The ensuring relations are subjected to a of a block of conducting material. The end simple physical interpretation. face is polished to reflect elastic waves. JOURNAL OF THE At the launch point (input conductor) the Acoustic nuclear resonance of Li 7 in a ACOUSTICAL SOCl ETY O F frequency cf the waves may lie in the range lithium fluoride crystal 350 MHz to 10 GHz, and will be received AMERICA Antokol'skii, G. L., Sarnatskii, V. M., as a delayed output signal of the same frePassive sonar processing for noise with Shutilov, V. A. quency after successive conversion to spin, unknown covariance structure Vol 17, No 1 (July-Sept 1071) pp 114-115 elastic and spin waves of differing frequencies. Ligget, W. S. Generation of hypersonic harmonics in a Vol 51, No 1 Part 1 (January 1972) Electromechanical delay lines liquid pp 2 4 - 3 0 General Electric Co Limited Zarembo, L. K., Krasil'nikov, V. A., Patent No 1,235,603 (1971) fded 13 March Application of monopulse tracking Khabibullaev, P. I~, Khaliulin, M. G. 1970 techniques to passive linear arrays Vol 17, No 1 (July-Sept 1971) pp 127-128 A single crystal, preferably of beryllium Roberts, C. A. aluminium silicate, is cut so that its geoVol 51, No 1 Part 1 (January 1972) Plane-wave diffraction by an N-layer grating metric axis is either parallel or perpendicular pp 31-37 Lvanov, V. P. to the c-axis. The bearing estimation performance of a Vol 17, No 2 (oct-Dec 1971) pp 202-207 monopulse processor for passive linear The problem of the diffraction of a plane Electromechanical filters arrays is considered. The variance of the wave by an acoustically rigid N-layer grating Standard Telephones & Cables Limited bearing estimate for this process is is reduced to the diffraction probelm for Patent No 1,235,824 (1971) f'fled 13 March derived and compared with computer N bodies in an infinite wave guide of width 1970 simulation results for different integration 2h, where 2h is the grating period (plane Filter comprises two similar plate resonators times and input signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios. case), and in an infinite rectangular wavecarrying piezoelectric layers and vibrating The simulation results illustrate how and guide of cross section 2h x 2r (volume case). in the flexural mode about four nodal lines why the bearing estimate degrades for very The solution is given in the form of the poor S/N ratios or very short integration sum of N integrals with unknown densities times. and the property of an oscillation potential; MISCE LLANEOUS these densities satisfy the set of integral Acoustic wave propagation in TeO2 single equations obtained upon satisfaction of the Die Zersttlrung yon Harnsteinen dutch crystal boundary conditions on the contours Ln, Ultraschall Ohmachi, Y., Uchida, N., Nobukazu, N. n = 0, 1,. ..... N-1. An Nqayer grating comLutzeyer, W. et al Vol 51, No 1, Part 2 (January 1072) posed of circles of radius p, for which it is pp 164-168 Urologia Internationalis, Vol 25 (1970) possible to obtain the field in explicit form pp 4 7 - 6 3 Acoustic phase velocity surfaces and ray if oh "1 "~ 1 is analysed as an illustrative directions in paratellurite, Te02, have been example. calculated. Characteristic features of the Double frequency ultrasonic search unit Yamada, H., Onoe, M. wave propagation in this highly anisotropic Three4ayer matching system for a complexmedium have been optically confirmed Journal of the Japanese Society for Nonimpedance boundary using the shadow method and SchaeferDestructive Inspection Vol 20, No 11 Pirogov, V. A., Tartakovskii, B. D. Bergrnann diffraction technique. A small (November 1971) pp 605-608 (In Japanese) Vol 17, No 2 (Oct-Dee 1971) pp 216-219 misalignment of the wave normal direction A three layer system that matches a has been found to degrade seriously the Recommendation on the preparation of boundary having a complex input impedance performance characteristics of acoustic or contact surfaces and couplant in ultrasonic with a medium is analysed. It is shown that acousto-optical devices composed of a angle beam testing of welds the use of three layers broadens the class of highly anisotropic medium such as Te02. 202 sub-committee workable matching, even when two of the The existence of the transverse mode with a Journal of the Japanese Society for Nonthree layers are quarter-wave layers The zero temperature coefficient of velocity Destructive Inspection Vol 20 No 12 three layer matching of semi-infinite media has been also confirmed by the present cal(December 1971) pp 663-664 (in is investigated in detail. culation and experiment. Japanese) .
144
ULTRASONICS. MAY 1972
Design of optimum directional arrays ferdtes using linear programming techniques Ponkrat'eva, R. I., Presnova, L. A. Homogeneous spherical and cylindrical McMahone, G. W., Hubley, B., Mohammed, A. Vol 17, No 2 (Oct-Dec 1971) pp 220-223 lenses for the focusing of sound waves Vol 51, No 1, Part 2 (January 1972) The mechanism of the magnetic annealingKanevskii, I. N., Surikov, B. S. pp 304-309 induced increase in the magnetomechanical Vol 17, No 1 (July-Sept 1971) pp 4 3 - 4 7 The techniques of linear programming have coupling coefficient Krran of a magnetobeen applied to the synthesis of optimum mechanical transducer is investigated. Data Sound transmission through a transversely directional patterns from arrays of point is given on the stability of Kmm for ferrite isotropic layer of finite thickness elements. The simplex method has been transducers operating at remanent magnetiLonkevich, M. P. used to generate optimum element zation as compared with an external magnetic excitations for a given array when the Vol 17, No 1 (July-Sept 1971) pp 6 8 - 7 3 field. The values obtained for the activation desired directional characteristics are speciThe transmission of a plane sound wave through an isotropic (transverseley isotropic) energy and relaxation time of the process fied. Various criteria are included in the definition of optimality. Numerical layer of finite thickness, acting as a boundary are used to estimate the temporal stability of the parameters of the transducers. examples are given for arrays of up to 70 between liquid media with different wave elements. The size and geometry of arrays resistances is investigated. The layer matrix Acoustical properties of aluminium-zinc that can be treated by this approach are coefficients involved in the expression for alloys limited only by computation time and the transmission and reflection coefficient Rokhlin, L. L. computer storage requirements. are determined. The dependences of the Vol 17, No 2 (Oct-Dec 1971) pp 224-227 modulus of the transmission coefficient An investigation of the attenuation and on the wave thickness of the layer and angle velocity of ultrasound in alloys of aluminium of sound incidence are compared for PATENTS with zinc (up to 35% zinc by weight) is anisotropic and isotropic layers in a liquid. described. The attenuation coefficient Magneto-elastic delay lines exhibits a significant reduction with the Criterion defining the 'far zone' in wave Hazeltine Corp addition of 20-25% zinc to aluminium. It scattering by statistically uneven surfaces Patent No 1,236,349 (1971) filed 22 is also found that the velocity of ultrasound Lysanov, Yu. P. August 1969 in longitudinal and transverse modes decreases A delay line comprises a body of ferriVol 17, No 1 (July-Sept 1971) pp 9 2 - 9 6 as the zinc content is increased; the elastic Criteria are obtained to define the distance magnetic electrically-insulating material moduli and Poisson ratio are only slightly to the far zone (Fraunhofer zone) in wave (eg yttrium iron garnet) supported so that altered by variations of the zinc content. scattering by statistically uneven surfaces. an end face of the body abuts the end face The ensuring relations are subjected to a of a block of conducting material. The end simple physical interpretation. face is polished to reflect elastic waves. JOURNAL OF THE At the launch point (input conductor) the Acoustic nuclear resonance of Li 7 in a ACOUSTICAL SOCl ETY O F frequency cf the waves may lie in the range lithium fluoride crystal 350 MHz to 10 GHz, and will be received AMERICA Antokol'skii, G. L., Sarnatskii, V. M., as a delayed output signal of the same frePassive sonar processing for noise with Shutilov, V. A. quency after successive conversion to spin, unknown covariance structure Vol 17, No 1 (July-Sept 1071) pp 114-115 elastic and spin waves of differing frequencies. Ligget, W. S. Generation of hypersonic harmonics in a Vol 51, No 1 Part 1 (January 1972) Electromechanical delay lines liquid pp 2 4 - 3 0 General Electric Co Limited Zarembo, L. K., Krasil'nikov, V. A., Patent No 1,235,603 (1971) fded 13 March Application of monopulse tracking Khabibullaev, P. I~, Khaliulin, M. G. 1970 techniques to passive linear arrays Vol 17, No 1 (July-Sept 1971) pp 127-128 A single crystal, preferably of beryllium Roberts, C. A. aluminium silicate, is cut so that its geoVol 51, No 1 Part 1 (January 1972) Plane-wave diffraction by an N-layer grating metric axis is either parallel or perpendicular pp 31-37 Lvanov, V. P. to the c-axis. The bearing estimation performance of a Vol 17, No 2 (oct-Dec 1971) pp 202-207 monopulse processor for passive linear The problem of the diffraction of a plane Electromechanical filters arrays is considered. The variance of the wave by an acoustically rigid N-layer grating Standard Telephones & Cables Limited bearing estimate for this process is is reduced to the diffraction probelm for Patent No 1,235,824 (1971) f'fled 13 March derived and compared with computer N bodies in an infinite wave guide of width 1970 simulation results for different integration 2h, where 2h is the grating period (plane Filter comprises two similar plate resonators times and input signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios. case), and in an infinite rectangular wavecarrying piezoelectric layers and vibrating The simulation results illustrate how and guide of cross section 2h x 2r (volume case). in the flexural mode about four nodal lines why the bearing estimate degrades for very The solution is given in the form of the poor S/N ratios or very short integration sum of N integrals with unknown densities times. and the property of an oscillation potential; MISCE LLANEOUS these densities satisfy the set of integral Acoustic wave propagation in TeO2 single equations obtained upon satisfaction of the Die Zersttlrung yon Harnsteinen dutch crystal boundary conditions on the contours Ln, Ultraschall Ohmachi, Y., Uchida, N., Nobukazu, N. n = 0, 1,. ..... N-1. An Nqayer grating comLutzeyer, W. et al Vol 51, No 1, Part 2 (January 1072) posed of circles of radius p, for which it is pp 164-168 Urologia Internationalis, Vol 25 (1970) possible to obtain the field in explicit form pp 4 7 - 6 3 Acoustic phase velocity surfaces and ray if oh "1 "~ 1 is analysed as an illustrative directions in paratellurite, Te02, have been example. calculated. Characteristic features of the Double frequency ultrasonic search unit Yamada, H., Onoe, M. wave propagation in this highly anisotropic Three4ayer matching system for a complexmedium have been optically confirmed Journal of the Japanese Society for Nonimpedance boundary using the shadow method and SchaeferDestructive Inspection Vol 20, No 11 Pirogov, V. A., Tartakovskii, B. D. Bergrnann diffraction technique. A small (November 1971) pp 605-608 (In Japanese) Vol 17, No 2 (Oct-Dee 1971) pp 216-219 misalignment of the wave normal direction A three layer system that matches a has been found to degrade seriously the Recommendation on the preparation of boundary having a complex input impedance performance characteristics of acoustic or contact surfaces and couplant in ultrasonic with a medium is analysed. It is shown that acousto-optical devices composed of a angle beam testing of welds the use of three layers broadens the class of highly anisotropic medium such as Te02. 202 sub-committee workable matching, even when two of the The existence of the transverse mode with a Journal of the Japanese Society for Nonthree layers are quarter-wave layers The zero temperature coefficient of velocity Destructive Inspection Vol 20 No 12 three layer matching of semi-infinite media has been also confirmed by the present cal(December 1971) pp 663-664 (in is investigated in detail. culation and experiment. Japanese) .
144
ULTRASONICS. MAY 1972