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Diploceras, another synonym of Seimatosporium
Trans. Br, mycol. Soc. 64 (3),483-487 (1975) Printed in Great Britain
DlPLOCERAS, ANOTHER SYNONYM OF SElMA TOSPORlUM By B. C. SUTTON
Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Ferry Lane, Kew (With
1
Text-figure)
D. hypericina, the type species of Diploceras, is redescribed, illustrated and referred to Seimatosporium, as are the two other species formerly ascribed to the genus.
The generic synonyms hitherto known for Seimatosporium Cda have been listed by Sutton (1975) as Amphichaeta McAlp., Basipilus Subram., Coryneopsis Grove, Cryptostictis Fckl, Disaeta Bonar, Dochmolopha Cke, Leptacoryneum Petrak, Monoceras Guba, Sarcostroma Cke, Seiridina Hahn. and Sporocadus Cda. A re-examination of Diploceras hypericina (Ces.) Died. has shown that this species, the type of Diploceras (Sacc.) Died., comes within the broad generic limits of Seimatosporium and therefore the generic name is added to the list of synonyms. Diploceras was first introduced as a subgeneric taxon of Hyaloceras Dur. & Mont. by Saccardo (1892). Two species were included in the subgenus: H. dilophosporum Cke and H. hypericinum (Ces.) Sacco It was later raised to generic rank by Diedicke (1919), who included a single species in the protologue, D. hypericinum (Ces.) Died., and this is the type species of the genus. Guba (1961) asserted that H. dilophosporum. was designated by Saccardo (1892) as the generic type but Sutton (1964) regarded the formal disposition of H. dilophosporum in Diploceras as very doubtful. Hahne! (1916) added a second species to the genus, D. anomala (Harkn.) Hohnel, but Gu ba (1961) considered this to be a species of Cryptostictis Fckl (now a synonym of Seimatosporium) and made the formal transfer. Shoemaker (1964) later combined the binomial in Seimatosporium. Sutton (1964) came to the conclusion that H. dilophosporum was also referable to Seimatosporium and proposed the new combination for the species in that genus.
Selmatosporfum hypericinum (Ces.) comb.nov.
Pestalotia hypericina Ces. in Klotzsch, Rabenh, Herb. Myc. II, no. 64 (1855), and Bot. Zeit. 13, 599 (1855). Hyaloceras hypericina (Ces.) Sacc., Syllogefungorum 10, 485 (1892). Diploceras hypericina (Ces.) Died., Kryptfl· Mark Brandenburg 9,877 (1915). Acervuli on dead stems, up to 200 ;tm diam. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, with 1-2 percurrent proliferations, 4'5-10 x 2'5-3 p,m. Conidia curved,
484
Transactions British Mycological Society
fusiform, 3-euseptate, constricted at the septa, smooth, 15-18'5 x 4'55"5 p,m; end cells hyaline, thin-walled, apical one obtuse; 2 median cells very pale brown, slightly thickened, upper one smaller; apical appendages 1-2, simple, 12-17 p,m; basal appendages 1-2, simple, 7-13 p,m. Traditionally Seimatosporium has been regarded as having 3-5 euseptate conidia (the median cells of which are pigmented), usually a single apical cellular appendage, and a single basal cellular appendage that is formed just above the truncate, unthickened basal scar. The term 'exogenous' (Sutton, 1963) has been used to differentiate this type of appendage from that occurring in Pestalatiopsis Stey., Truncatella Stey., Monochaetia (Sacc.) Allesch. and Seiridium Nees ex Fr. In some Seimatosporium species the apical and basal appendages are consistently branched - S. anomalum, S. dilophosporum and S. ejJusum (Vestergr.) Shoemaker. In S. lichenicola (Cda) Shoemaker & Muller and S. kriegerianum (Bres.) Morgan-Jones & Sutton, conidial appendages are generally unbranched but occasionally a few conidia show irregular branching of either the apical or basal appendage. In S. hypericinum appendages are unbranched, normally two developing separately at the apex and another two separately at the base. That more than a single appendage develops at each end of the conidium is unusual for Seimatosporium inasmuch as it occurs in only this species. However, the otherwise close similarity in conidial morphology between S. hypericinum and other species, such as S. dilophosporum, S. kriegerianum, S. anomalum, S. parasiticum (Dearn, & House) Shoemaker and S. discosioides (Ell. & Ev.) Shoemaker, is sufficient to include it in the same amended genus. An alternative procedure would be to remove from Seimatosporium all the species with branched or multiple apical and basal appendages, an inadvisable decision when lability of these features is so marked in culture. Grove (1937) has recorded this species from Anglesey and Pembrokeshire and reports by Allescher (1903), Diedicke (1915) and Migula (1921) indicate it to be widespread in Europe on a variety of different Hypericum species. The record on Leptospernum scoparium from Australia cited by Guba (196 I) is a misdetermination inasmuch as this collection is probably the holotype of Hyaloceras dilophosporum Cooke (== Seimatosporium dilophosporum (Cke) Sutton), and furthermore the substrate is Melaleuca squarrosa. It does not seem to have been reported from North America. Specimens examined. On Hypericum petforatum, VerceIlis, Italy, leg. Cesati, Rabenh>Klotzsch Herb. vivum Mycologicum Ed. II, ser. I, 1855-1858, no. 64, isotype of Pestalotia hypericinum Ces. (K); collections on the same host: Bastad-Malen, Sweden, A. G. Eliasson, May-June, 1927, Petrak, Mycotheca generalis 555, IMI 30455; Herb. Bloxam (K); Parinac, G. Passerini (K); Kreis Niederbarnim, Germany, H. Sydow, 15 July 1936, Sydow, Mycotheca germanica 3187 (K); Chailly, Seine-et-Marne, France, Jan. 1884, leg. Feuilleaubois 638, C. Roumeguere, Fungi Gallici exsiccati 3190 (K); on H. quadrangulum, Hollendia, Onsala, Sweden, A. G. Eliasson, 3 June 1914, IMI 3118g.
Diploceras. B. C. Sutton
'" ri ..
~
Fig.
I.
A
A, Seimatosporium dilophosporum, conidia; B, S. anomalum, conidia; C, S. hypericinum, conidia and conidiogenous cells.
486
Transactions British Mycological Society
SE1MATOSPORIUM ANOMALUM (Harkn.) Shoemaker, Can. ]. Bot. 42, 416 (1964)
Pestalotia anomala Harkn., Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. p. 13 (1884)' Cryptostictis anomala (Harkn.) Guba, Monograph of Monochaetia and Pestalotia, p. 270 (1961). Diplomas anomala (Harkn.) Hohnel, Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 125, 93 (19 16). Acervuli on dead stems, 200-300 p,m diam. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, with 1-3 percurrent proliferations, 15 x 2-3 usx». Conidia straight or slightly curved, fusiform, 3-euseptate, constricted at the septa, smooth, 15-19 x 56 p,m; end cells hyaline, thin-walled, apical one conic; two median cells very pale brown, slightly thickened; apical appendage single, simple or branched, 13-20 psu; basal appendage single, simple or branched, 1017 p,m. Specimens examined. As cited by Sutton (1963), on Eriogonum spp., N. America.
SEIMATOSPORIUM DILOPHOSPORUM (Cke) Sutton, Mycol. Pap. 97, 35 (1964)
Hyaloceras dilophospora Cke, Grevillea 19, 5 (1890). Diploceras dilophospora (Cke) Guba (as' (Cooke) Sacc.'}, Monograph of Monochaetia andPestalotia, 287 (1961). Acervuli on dead leaves, up to 300 p,m diam. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, with 1-4 percurrent proliferations, 7-17'5 x 1'5-4 p,m. Conidia straight or gently curved, fusiform, 4-euseptate, constricted at the septa, smooth, 25-32 x 4-5 p,m; end cells hyaline, thin-walled, apical one long conic; three median cells very pale brown, slightly thickened with the middle cell smaller than the other two; apical appendages 1-2, simple or branched, 10-19 p,m; basal appendage single, branched, 9-21 p,m. The host of the holotype was stated to be Leptospermum scoparium but this is a misdetermination for Melaleuca squarrosa. Several additional collections on this host have been made recently, again in Australia. The species has not been recorded elsewhere. Specimens examined. On leaf of Melaleuca squarrosa, Port Philip, Victoria, N.S.W., Australia, May 1890, C. French, holotype of H. dilophosporum in K, 1M1 58841; on the same host, Waratal Bay, Victoria, N.S.W., Australia; Nov. 1966, H.J. Swart, 1M1 J44626; Grampians, Victoria, N.S.W., Australia; 1968,1. Stone, 1M1 144628; Wilson's Promontory, Victoria, N.S.W., Australia, 13 Aug. 1968, H.J. Swart, 1M1 144634; isolated from indet. host, Melbourne, Australia, Aug. 1969, H.J. Swart, 1M1 142126.
I am grateful to Drs R. W. G. Dennis and D. A. Reid for allowing me to examine material in their keeping.
Diploceras. B. C. Sutton REFERENCES
ALLESCHER, A. (1903). Die Pilze Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz. VII, in Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, pp. 1-1072. DIEDICKE, H. (1915). Kryptogamenflora der Mark Brandenburg 9, Pilze VII. Sphaeropsideae, Melanconieae, pp. 1-g62. GROVE, W. B. (1937). British stem- and leaf-fungi, vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. GUBA, E. F. (1961). Monograph of Monochaetia and Pestalotia, pp. 1-342. Harvard. HOHNEL, F. VON (1916). Fragmente zur Mykologie (XVIII. Mitteilung., Nr. 944-1000). Sitzungsberichten der Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschajten in Wein (naturw. Klasse, Abt. 1),125,27-138. MIGULA, W. (1921). Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Deutsch-Osterreicn und der Schuieiz, 3. Pilze, 4. Teil, Abt. 1. Fungi Imperfecti: Sphaeropsidales, Melanconiales, pp. 1-6 1 4. SACCARDO, P. A. (1892). Syllogefungorum 10, 1-964. SHOEMAKER, R. A. (1964). Seimatosporium (::::: Cryptostictis) parasites of Rosa, Vitis, and Comus. Canadian Journal ofBotany 42, 4 II -421. SUTTON, B. C. (1963). Coelomycetes. II. Neobarclaya, Mycohypallage, Bleptosporium, and Cryptostictis. Mycological Papers 88, I-50. SUTTON, B. C. (1964). Coelomycetes. III. Annellolacinia gen.nov., Aristastoma, Phaeocytostroma, Seimatosporium, etc. Mycological Papers 97, 1-42. SUTTON, B. C. (1975). Coelomycetes, V. Coryneum. Mycological Papers 138, 1-224.
(Accepted for publication 29 October 1974)
DlPLOCERAS, ANOTHER SYNONYM OF SElMA TOSPORlUM By B. C. SUTTON
Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Ferry Lane, Kew (With
1
Text-figure)
D. hypericina, the type species of Diploceras, is redescribed, illustrated and referred to Seimatosporium, as are the two other species formerly ascribed to the genus.
The generic synonyms hitherto known for Seimatosporium Cda have been listed by Sutton (1975) as Amphichaeta McAlp., Basipilus Subram., Coryneopsis Grove, Cryptostictis Fckl, Disaeta Bonar, Dochmolopha Cke, Leptacoryneum Petrak, Monoceras Guba, Sarcostroma Cke, Seiridina Hahn. and Sporocadus Cda. A re-examination of Diploceras hypericina (Ces.) Died. has shown that this species, the type of Diploceras (Sacc.) Died., comes within the broad generic limits of Seimatosporium and therefore the generic name is added to the list of synonyms. Diploceras was first introduced as a subgeneric taxon of Hyaloceras Dur. & Mont. by Saccardo (1892). Two species were included in the subgenus: H. dilophosporum Cke and H. hypericinum (Ces.) Sacco It was later raised to generic rank by Diedicke (1919), who included a single species in the protologue, D. hypericinum (Ces.) Died., and this is the type species of the genus. Guba (1961) asserted that H. dilophosporum. was designated by Saccardo (1892) as the generic type but Sutton (1964) regarded the formal disposition of H. dilophosporum in Diploceras as very doubtful. Hahne! (1916) added a second species to the genus, D. anomala (Harkn.) Hohnel, but Gu ba (1961) considered this to be a species of Cryptostictis Fckl (now a synonym of Seimatosporium) and made the formal transfer. Shoemaker (1964) later combined the binomial in Seimatosporium. Sutton (1964) came to the conclusion that H. dilophosporum was also referable to Seimatosporium and proposed the new combination for the species in that genus.
Selmatosporfum hypericinum (Ces.) comb.nov.
Pestalotia hypericina Ces. in Klotzsch, Rabenh, Herb. Myc. II, no. 64 (1855), and Bot. Zeit. 13, 599 (1855). Hyaloceras hypericina (Ces.) Sacc., Syllogefungorum 10, 485 (1892). Diploceras hypericina (Ces.) Died., Kryptfl· Mark Brandenburg 9,877 (1915). Acervuli on dead stems, up to 200 ;tm diam. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, with 1-2 percurrent proliferations, 4'5-10 x 2'5-3 p,m. Conidia curved,
484
Transactions British Mycological Society
fusiform, 3-euseptate, constricted at the septa, smooth, 15-18'5 x 4'55"5 p,m; end cells hyaline, thin-walled, apical one obtuse; 2 median cells very pale brown, slightly thickened, upper one smaller; apical appendages 1-2, simple, 12-17 p,m; basal appendages 1-2, simple, 7-13 p,m. Traditionally Seimatosporium has been regarded as having 3-5 euseptate conidia (the median cells of which are pigmented), usually a single apical cellular appendage, and a single basal cellular appendage that is formed just above the truncate, unthickened basal scar. The term 'exogenous' (Sutton, 1963) has been used to differentiate this type of appendage from that occurring in Pestalatiopsis Stey., Truncatella Stey., Monochaetia (Sacc.) Allesch. and Seiridium Nees ex Fr. In some Seimatosporium species the apical and basal appendages are consistently branched - S. anomalum, S. dilophosporum and S. ejJusum (Vestergr.) Shoemaker. In S. lichenicola (Cda) Shoemaker & Muller and S. kriegerianum (Bres.) Morgan-Jones & Sutton, conidial appendages are generally unbranched but occasionally a few conidia show irregular branching of either the apical or basal appendage. In S. hypericinum appendages are unbranched, normally two developing separately at the apex and another two separately at the base. That more than a single appendage develops at each end of the conidium is unusual for Seimatosporium inasmuch as it occurs in only this species. However, the otherwise close similarity in conidial morphology between S. hypericinum and other species, such as S. dilophosporum, S. kriegerianum, S. anomalum, S. parasiticum (Dearn, & House) Shoemaker and S. discosioides (Ell. & Ev.) Shoemaker, is sufficient to include it in the same amended genus. An alternative procedure would be to remove from Seimatosporium all the species with branched or multiple apical and basal appendages, an inadvisable decision when lability of these features is so marked in culture. Grove (1937) has recorded this species from Anglesey and Pembrokeshire and reports by Allescher (1903), Diedicke (1915) and Migula (1921) indicate it to be widespread in Europe on a variety of different Hypericum species. The record on Leptospernum scoparium from Australia cited by Guba (196 I) is a misdetermination inasmuch as this collection is probably the holotype of Hyaloceras dilophosporum Cooke (== Seimatosporium dilophosporum (Cke) Sutton), and furthermore the substrate is Melaleuca squarrosa. It does not seem to have been reported from North America. Specimens examined. On Hypericum petforatum, VerceIlis, Italy, leg. Cesati, Rabenh>Klotzsch Herb. vivum Mycologicum Ed. II, ser. I, 1855-1858, no. 64, isotype of Pestalotia hypericinum Ces. (K); collections on the same host: Bastad-Malen, Sweden, A. G. Eliasson, May-June, 1927, Petrak, Mycotheca generalis 555, IMI 30455; Herb. Bloxam (K); Parinac, G. Passerini (K); Kreis Niederbarnim, Germany, H. Sydow, 15 July 1936, Sydow, Mycotheca germanica 3187 (K); Chailly, Seine-et-Marne, France, Jan. 1884, leg. Feuilleaubois 638, C. Roumeguere, Fungi Gallici exsiccati 3190 (K); on H. quadrangulum, Hollendia, Onsala, Sweden, A. G. Eliasson, 3 June 1914, IMI 3118g.
Diploceras. B. C. Sutton
'" ri ..
~
Fig.
I.
A
A, Seimatosporium dilophosporum, conidia; B, S. anomalum, conidia; C, S. hypericinum, conidia and conidiogenous cells.
486
Transactions British Mycological Society
SE1MATOSPORIUM ANOMALUM (Harkn.) Shoemaker, Can. ]. Bot. 42, 416 (1964)
Pestalotia anomala Harkn., Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. p. 13 (1884)' Cryptostictis anomala (Harkn.) Guba, Monograph of Monochaetia and Pestalotia, p. 270 (1961). Diplomas anomala (Harkn.) Hohnel, Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 125, 93 (19 16). Acervuli on dead stems, 200-300 p,m diam. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, with 1-3 percurrent proliferations, 15 x 2-3 usx». Conidia straight or slightly curved, fusiform, 3-euseptate, constricted at the septa, smooth, 15-19 x 56 p,m; end cells hyaline, thin-walled, apical one conic; two median cells very pale brown, slightly thickened; apical appendage single, simple or branched, 13-20 psu; basal appendage single, simple or branched, 1017 p,m. Specimens examined. As cited by Sutton (1963), on Eriogonum spp., N. America.
SEIMATOSPORIUM DILOPHOSPORUM (Cke) Sutton, Mycol. Pap. 97, 35 (1964)
Hyaloceras dilophospora Cke, Grevillea 19, 5 (1890). Diploceras dilophospora (Cke) Guba (as' (Cooke) Sacc.'}, Monograph of Monochaetia andPestalotia, 287 (1961). Acervuli on dead leaves, up to 300 p,m diam. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, with 1-4 percurrent proliferations, 7-17'5 x 1'5-4 p,m. Conidia straight or gently curved, fusiform, 4-euseptate, constricted at the septa, smooth, 25-32 x 4-5 p,m; end cells hyaline, thin-walled, apical one long conic; three median cells very pale brown, slightly thickened with the middle cell smaller than the other two; apical appendages 1-2, simple or branched, 10-19 p,m; basal appendage single, branched, 9-21 p,m. The host of the holotype was stated to be Leptospermum scoparium but this is a misdetermination for Melaleuca squarrosa. Several additional collections on this host have been made recently, again in Australia. The species has not been recorded elsewhere. Specimens examined. On leaf of Melaleuca squarrosa, Port Philip, Victoria, N.S.W., Australia, May 1890, C. French, holotype of H. dilophosporum in K, 1M1 58841; on the same host, Waratal Bay, Victoria, N.S.W., Australia; Nov. 1966, H.J. Swart, 1M1 J44626; Grampians, Victoria, N.S.W., Australia; 1968,1. Stone, 1M1 144628; Wilson's Promontory, Victoria, N.S.W., Australia, 13 Aug. 1968, H.J. Swart, 1M1 144634; isolated from indet. host, Melbourne, Australia, Aug. 1969, H.J. Swart, 1M1 142126.
I am grateful to Drs R. W. G. Dennis and D. A. Reid for allowing me to examine material in their keeping.
Diploceras. B. C. Sutton REFERENCES
ALLESCHER, A. (1903). Die Pilze Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz. VII, in Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, pp. 1-1072. DIEDICKE, H. (1915). Kryptogamenflora der Mark Brandenburg 9, Pilze VII. Sphaeropsideae, Melanconieae, pp. 1-g62. GROVE, W. B. (1937). British stem- and leaf-fungi, vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. GUBA, E. F. (1961). Monograph of Monochaetia and Pestalotia, pp. 1-342. Harvard. HOHNEL, F. VON (1916). Fragmente zur Mykologie (XVIII. Mitteilung., Nr. 944-1000). Sitzungsberichten der Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschajten in Wein (naturw. Klasse, Abt. 1),125,27-138. MIGULA, W. (1921). Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Deutsch-Osterreicn und der Schuieiz, 3. Pilze, 4. Teil, Abt. 1. Fungi Imperfecti: Sphaeropsidales, Melanconiales, pp. 1-6 1 4. SACCARDO, P. A. (1892). Syllogefungorum 10, 1-964. SHOEMAKER, R. A. (1964). Seimatosporium (::::: Cryptostictis) parasites of Rosa, Vitis, and Comus. Canadian Journal ofBotany 42, 4 II -421. SUTTON, B. C. (1963). Coelomycetes. II. Neobarclaya, Mycohypallage, Bleptosporium, and Cryptostictis. Mycological Papers 88, I-50. SUTTON, B. C. (1964). Coelomycetes. III. Annellolacinia gen.nov., Aristastoma, Phaeocytostroma, Seimatosporium, etc. Mycological Papers 97, 1-42. SUTTON, B. C. (1975). Coelomycetes, V. Coryneum. Mycological Papers 138, 1-224.
(Accepted for publication 29 October 1974)