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Effect of motilin in preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation
abstract
in 13.3% of all participants; 36.7% in obese girls and 6.7% in the eutrophic girls. Among boys, hypertension was found to be 35.9% and 9.6%, respectively. conclusion: Childhood obesity is frequent in this population and is associated with hypertension. Faced with this situation, it is necessary to initiate preventive measures. 144 Modalités des interventions efficaces dans le traitement de l’obésité chez les enfants et les adolescents P. Hua, L. Pinsonneault, et V. Déry Institut national d’excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS), Montréal, Québec, Canada
blood proinsulin and IGF-1 levels (p=0.25). The most significant hormonal predictor of ponderal index was cord plasma proinsulin in gestational diabetic pregnancies, but cord plasma IGF-1 level in nondiabetic pregnancies. For each SD increase, the adjusted odds ratios in association with ponderal index >the 90th percentile were 1.8 for paternal BMI (p<0.05), 1.5 for cord plasma proinsulin concentration (p<0.05), and 1.3 for cord plasma IGF-l concentration (0.05 <0.10), respectively. conclusions: Paternal obesity may have a significant impact on fetal adiposity development. Higher ponderal index may be an indicator of fetal hypertrophy (associated with elevated insulin secretion) in gestational diabetic pregnancies, but fetal hyperplasia (associated with elevated IGF-1 secretion) in non-diabetic pregnancies. 146
Plusieurs revues systématiques récentes ont conclu que certaines interventions axées sur le mode de vie sont efficaces pour le traitement de l’obésité pédiatrique, notamment lorsque plusieurs approches sont combinées. Cependant, peu d’information est disponible pour déterminer des modalités organisationnelles à privilégier. L’objectif est de décrire les modalités d’organisation de soins et services des interventions efficaces. Nous avons effectué une revue systématique pour identifier les essais cliniques randomisés portant sur le traitement de l’obésité chez les jeunes. Seules les études (k=23) dans lesquelles une intervention a été démontrée efficace (n=26) ont été retenues. Les modalités de ces interventions ont été décrites pour dresser un portrait-type. La plupart des interventions impliquaient les parents (88%). Les médianes pour la durée et le temps de contact entre les intervenants et les jeunes ou leurs parents étaient de 6 mois et de 24 heures respectivement. Les interventions étaient le plus souvent faites en groupe ou combinaient des rencontres individuelles et de groupe (81%). La taille de groupe la plus fréquente était de 5-8 personnes (50%). Les interventions étaient réalisées au niveau local: milieu communautaire, scolaire ou de soins de première ligne (45%); en milieu de soins spécialisés (30%) ou de recherche (25%). Les nutritionnistes et les psychologues étaient les intervenants les plus souvent impliqués. Bien que cette revue ne permette pas de conclure que les facteurs décrits sont responsables de l’efficacité, le portrait-type d’une intervention efficace obtenu pourrait toutefois permettre d’esquisser les bases pour le développement et l’implantation d’un programme de traitement pour les jeunes obèses. 145 Understanding parental anthropometrical, maternal, and fetal metabolic determinants of fetal adiposity
Effect of motilin in preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation P. Miegueu, K. Cianflone, D. Richard, and D.H. St-Pierre Université Laval, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada Introduction: Motilin is a circulating gastrointestinal peptide and recognized for its prokinetic effects on gastrointestinal tissues. Little information is available regarding non-gastrointestinal functions, although effects on insulin-glucose homeostasis and food intake are suggested. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of motilin on preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation, and macronutrient uptake in adipocytes. Methods: 3T3-L1 cells were treated with two different peptide concentrations (0.1 and 1.0 nM) and PBS as control for one hour to nine days, and the relevant assays measured. results: In preadipocytes, 0.1 and 1.0 nM motilin stimulated proliferation (3H-thymidine incorporation by 163±27%, p<0. 01 and 205±23%; p<0.001, respectively) and metabolic activity (141±10%; p<0.05 and 158±9.8%; p<0.01, respectively) in a concentration dependent manner. Chronic supplementation with motilin during differentiation further increased lipogenesis (Oil red O staining 191±27%, p<0.05) and was associated with greater increase in mRNA expression of PPAR- (148±8%, p<0.01) and C/EBP (142±17%, p<0.05) and Cav3 (166±20%, p<0.05). In mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes, 0.1 and 1.0 nM motilin stimulation increased both fatty acid uptake (175±18%, p<0.05 and 202±12%; p<0.01 respectively), glucose uptake (up to maximum of 146±9% p<0.05). conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that motilin may directly influence adipocyte function by stimulating energy storage.
Z-C. Luo1, A-M. Nuyt1, E. Delvin, F. Audibert1, I. Girard2, B. Shatenstein1, E. Levy1, P. Julien3, and W.D. Fraser1 1 University of Montreal, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 2 McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 3Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
147
Introduction: Origins of obesity may be traced back to the perinatal period. However, the determinants of fetal adiposity development remain poorly understood. We assessed parental anthropometrical, maternal, and fetal metabolic determinants of fetal adiposity. Methods: In a prospective pregnancy cohort study of 255 singleton infants, we assessed parental anthropometrical, maternal (24-28 weeks and 32-35 weeks of gestation) and fetal metabolic (glucose, insulin, proinsulin, IGF-1) variables in association with ponderal index at birth as an indicator of fetal adiposity. results: Adjusting for gestational age, a stronger positive correlation was observed for fetal ponderal index with paternal BMI (partial r=0.19, p<0.01) than with maternal BMI (r=0.11, p=0.07). Maternal proinsulin levels in 50g oral glucose tolerance test blood at 24-28 weeks of gestation were positively correlated with ponderal index in gestational diabetic pregnancies (n=26) only (r=0.41, p<0.05). This association became not statistically significant after adjusting for cord
In contemporary medical discourse, the pathologized, scientific, “obese” body has been presented antithetically to the “fat” body as identity and site of transgression. Obesity continues to be presented as a looming epidemic, inciting a moral panic amongst Westerners. Obesity threatens to be a health care burden and, consequently, an economic burden. However, individuals are not threatened by obesity for the aforementioned reasons: individuals are nervous about being attributed with stigmas surrounding the fat body as a loss of bodily control. The social constructionist, size acceptance discourse argues that “fat” is a loaded word, brimming with stereotypes, medical prescriptions, and value assessments that are proliferated in Western society through cultural discourse. Fat studies facilitates an intersectional understanding of how individuals are socially affected by fat; medical discourse demonstrates the scientific evidence of how individuals are biologically affected by fat. In true Haraway fashion, a cyborg enmeshment/blurring of both nature (medicine) and culture
Fit, fat, fatter: towards a coherent narrative (that matters) C. Kuyvenhoven Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| 177
in 13.3% of all participants; 36.7% in obese girls and 6.7% in the eutrophic girls. Among boys, hypertension was found to be 35.9% and 9.6%, respectively. conclusion: Childhood obesity is frequent in this population and is associated with hypertension. Faced with this situation, it is necessary to initiate preventive measures. 144 Modalités des interventions efficaces dans le traitement de l’obésité chez les enfants et les adolescents P. Hua, L. Pinsonneault, et V. Déry Institut national d’excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS), Montréal, Québec, Canada
blood proinsulin and IGF-1 levels (p=0.25). The most significant hormonal predictor of ponderal index was cord plasma proinsulin in gestational diabetic pregnancies, but cord plasma IGF-1 level in nondiabetic pregnancies. For each SD increase, the adjusted odds ratios in association with ponderal index >the 90th percentile were 1.8 for paternal BMI (p<0.05), 1.5 for cord plasma proinsulin concentration (p<0.05), and 1.3 for cord plasma IGF-l concentration (0.05 <0.10), respectively. conclusions: Paternal obesity may have a significant impact on fetal adiposity development. Higher ponderal index may be an indicator of fetal hypertrophy (associated with elevated insulin secretion) in gestational diabetic pregnancies, but fetal hyperplasia (associated with elevated IGF-1 secretion) in non-diabetic pregnancies. 146
Plusieurs revues systématiques récentes ont conclu que certaines interventions axées sur le mode de vie sont efficaces pour le traitement de l’obésité pédiatrique, notamment lorsque plusieurs approches sont combinées. Cependant, peu d’information est disponible pour déterminer des modalités organisationnelles à privilégier. L’objectif est de décrire les modalités d’organisation de soins et services des interventions efficaces. Nous avons effectué une revue systématique pour identifier les essais cliniques randomisés portant sur le traitement de l’obésité chez les jeunes. Seules les études (k=23) dans lesquelles une intervention a été démontrée efficace (n=26) ont été retenues. Les modalités de ces interventions ont été décrites pour dresser un portrait-type. La plupart des interventions impliquaient les parents (88%). Les médianes pour la durée et le temps de contact entre les intervenants et les jeunes ou leurs parents étaient de 6 mois et de 24 heures respectivement. Les interventions étaient le plus souvent faites en groupe ou combinaient des rencontres individuelles et de groupe (81%). La taille de groupe la plus fréquente était de 5-8 personnes (50%). Les interventions étaient réalisées au niveau local: milieu communautaire, scolaire ou de soins de première ligne (45%); en milieu de soins spécialisés (30%) ou de recherche (25%). Les nutritionnistes et les psychologues étaient les intervenants les plus souvent impliqués. Bien que cette revue ne permette pas de conclure que les facteurs décrits sont responsables de l’efficacité, le portrait-type d’une intervention efficace obtenu pourrait toutefois permettre d’esquisser les bases pour le développement et l’implantation d’un programme de traitement pour les jeunes obèses. 145 Understanding parental anthropometrical, maternal, and fetal metabolic determinants of fetal adiposity
Effect of motilin in preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation P. Miegueu, K. Cianflone, D. Richard, and D.H. St-Pierre Université Laval, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada Introduction: Motilin is a circulating gastrointestinal peptide and recognized for its prokinetic effects on gastrointestinal tissues. Little information is available regarding non-gastrointestinal functions, although effects on insulin-glucose homeostasis and food intake are suggested. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of motilin on preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation, and macronutrient uptake in adipocytes. Methods: 3T3-L1 cells were treated with two different peptide concentrations (0.1 and 1.0 nM) and PBS as control for one hour to nine days, and the relevant assays measured. results: In preadipocytes, 0.1 and 1.0 nM motilin stimulated proliferation (3H-thymidine incorporation by 163±27%, p<0. 01 and 205±23%; p<0.001, respectively) and metabolic activity (141±10%; p<0.05 and 158±9.8%; p<0.01, respectively) in a concentration dependent manner. Chronic supplementation with motilin during differentiation further increased lipogenesis (Oil red O staining 191±27%, p<0.05) and was associated with greater increase in mRNA expression of PPAR- (148±8%, p<0.01) and C/EBP (142±17%, p<0.05) and Cav3 (166±20%, p<0.05). In mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes, 0.1 and 1.0 nM motilin stimulation increased both fatty acid uptake (175±18%, p<0.05 and 202±12%; p<0.01 respectively), glucose uptake (up to maximum of 146±9% p<0.05). conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that motilin may directly influence adipocyte function by stimulating energy storage.
Z-C. Luo1, A-M. Nuyt1, E. Delvin, F. Audibert1, I. Girard2, B. Shatenstein1, E. Levy1, P. Julien3, and W.D. Fraser1 1 University of Montreal, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 2 McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 3Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
147
Introduction: Origins of obesity may be traced back to the perinatal period. However, the determinants of fetal adiposity development remain poorly understood. We assessed parental anthropometrical, maternal, and fetal metabolic determinants of fetal adiposity. Methods: In a prospective pregnancy cohort study of 255 singleton infants, we assessed parental anthropometrical, maternal (24-28 weeks and 32-35 weeks of gestation) and fetal metabolic (glucose, insulin, proinsulin, IGF-1) variables in association with ponderal index at birth as an indicator of fetal adiposity. results: Adjusting for gestational age, a stronger positive correlation was observed for fetal ponderal index with paternal BMI (partial r=0.19, p<0.01) than with maternal BMI (r=0.11, p=0.07). Maternal proinsulin levels in 50g oral glucose tolerance test blood at 24-28 weeks of gestation were positively correlated with ponderal index in gestational diabetic pregnancies (n=26) only (r=0.41, p<0.05). This association became not statistically significant after adjusting for cord
In contemporary medical discourse, the pathologized, scientific, “obese” body has been presented antithetically to the “fat” body as identity and site of transgression. Obesity continues to be presented as a looming epidemic, inciting a moral panic amongst Westerners. Obesity threatens to be a health care burden and, consequently, an economic burden. However, individuals are not threatened by obesity for the aforementioned reasons: individuals are nervous about being attributed with stigmas surrounding the fat body as a loss of bodily control. The social constructionist, size acceptance discourse argues that “fat” is a loaded word, brimming with stereotypes, medical prescriptions, and value assessments that are proliferated in Western society through cultural discourse. Fat studies facilitates an intersectional understanding of how individuals are socially affected by fat; medical discourse demonstrates the scientific evidence of how individuals are biologically affected by fat. In true Haraway fashion, a cyborg enmeshment/blurring of both nature (medicine) and culture
Fit, fat, fatter: towards a coherent narrative (that matters) C. Kuyvenhoven Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| 177