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Free radical monitoring of the coprocessing of coal with chemical components of waste tires
07 Alternative energy sources (others, including development, economics) 96/02885 Wind and solar generating units : PotentIal candldates for a generation mix of an isolated area Hoque, A. and Ahsan, Q. Solar Energy, Nov. 1995, 55, (5), 395·404. A power industry always looks for an optimal generation mix. The paper investigates the potentiality of a wind turbine generator and a photovoltaic generator as competing candidates in a generation mix of an isolated area. The investigation considers two basic aspects of generation expansion analysis: reliability and cost.
96/02886 Wind turbine technology In Australia . A growth Industry Crawford, T. Sol ar Progress, Nov.-Dec. 1995, 16, (4), 1O-1l. Discusses the use and the markets for wind turbines in Australia.
Others, Including Development , Economics 96/02887 Can GENI enhance the use of renewable energy and reduce poverty Diesendorf, M. Solar Progress, Nov.· Dec. 1995, 16, (4), 12-13. The author reports that recently, Australia received another visit from Peter Meisen, the founder of a group called Global Energy Network International (GENl). In essence, GENI claims that the construction of international transmission lines would greatly enhance the use of renewable energy, improve the environment, reduce world hunger and poverty, and further the cause of world peace. All these extraordinary claims are promoted with glossy videos, brochures and speeches which are long on rhetoric but short on content. The author discusses the claims made by GENI. 96/02888 Characterization of pyrolytlc carbon blacks from commercial tire pyrolysis plants Darmstadt, H. et al., Carb on, 1995, 33, (10), 1449·1455. Pyrolysis of used tyres yields oil and pyrolytic carbon black (CBp) ' The tyre pyrolysis process can be performed either in vacuo or at atmospheric pressure. The CB recovered in both processes are different from the commercial carbon bTacks used in the tyre fabrication. Different spectroscopic methods such as ESCA, SIMS, Auger-spectroscopy and XRD were used to characterize CBp obtained in commercial tyre pyrolysis plants operating in vacuo and at atmospheric pressure. 96/02889 Co-gasification of used plastics at a demonstration plant. Results from research and development activities Schiffer, H. P. and Adlhoch, W. Braun kohle Bergbautech., 1995,47, (3), 19-25. (In German) The paper describes how mixed plastics, separated from collected household wastes, was mixed with brown coal and processes by high-temperature Winkler (partial oxidation) gasification in an indusrial-scale facility with capacity of 700 tonnes coaVday. In addition to containing approximately 60% plastics, the fraction also contained paper, composite materials, metals, and residual garbage. 96/02890 Ecosystem driven by OTEC and oceanic high mlneral water. Otohlme Project Komiyama, H. and Yamada, K. Ene rgy Conv erso Mgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), 889-894. A new system is proposed for mitigating global warming using a high productivity of coral reef ecosystems and ocean thermal energy conversion systems (OTEC). The system is called 'Otohime' . 96/02891 Energy technologies for the 21st century : Substitutes for fossil fuel Hurtak, 1. J. Proc. 30th In tersoc. En ergy Converso Eng. Con]., 1995, 2, 433·439. Discusses oil production, reserves, and future energy alternatives such as geothermal systems, wind technology, biomass (landfill and crops), and energy for transportation. The determining forces at work in the energy dependence field are: growth, demographic patterns, economic incentives, electricity rate structure, mobility, energy production/consumption ratios, land usc regulations, and air pollution rules and regulations. Renewable energy resources are becoming more viable based not only on ongoing improvements in technology, but from higher costs and greater depletion of nonrenewable resources. 96/02892 The evolution of a pump using water hammer Zimmerman, K. So lar Progr ess, Nov.-Dec. 1995, 16, (4), p. 14. 96/02893 Focus on government Sonneborn, C. Solar Pr ogress, Nov-Dec. 1995, 16, (4), 25-27. A report on energy developments in Australia.
202 Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
96/02894 Free radical monitoring of the coprocesslng of coal with chemical components of waste tires Ibrahim, M. M. and Seehra, M. S. Fuel Pro cess. Technol., 1995, 45, (3) , 213-219. The paper discusses the effects of a Michelin (waste) tyre tread and its various chemical components on the free radical intensities, N, of Blind Canyon coal using in-situ ESR spectroscopy are reported from ambient temperature at 500°C. The results support the reported improved liquefaction of the coal with waste tyre polymers. 96/02895 Future sustainable energy supply Jennings, J. S. Energy World, Feb. 1996, (236), 8-10. The availability of sufficient energy at affordable prices is vitally important if the vision of sustainable development - in which the lot of mankind is gradually improved without undue damage to the world's ecosystem -is to be achieved. The article is based on a paper given by the author at the 16th World Energy Council Congress in Tokyo in October 1995. 96/02896 Gasification kinet ics of waste tire-char with CO2 in a thermobalance reactor Lee, J. S. and Kim, S. D. Energy, May 1996, 21, (5), 343-352. The effects of gasification temperature (850-1000°C) and partial pressure of CO, (0.3·1.0 atm) on gasification rate of lyre-char/CO, have been determined in a thermobalance reactor. The gasification rate was found to be independent of char size for sizes less than 0.65 mm and initial sample mass less than 1.0 g. Among the tested models, the modified volume reaction model is best for predicting conversion data. The kinetic parameters (activation energy, pre-exponential factor and reactor order) are determined on the basis of a modified volume-reaction model. 96/02897 Integrated waste strategy and other musings Loram, R. G. Energy World, Mar. 1996, (237), 15-16. A report on the two-day national conference by the Energy from Waste Association, allied with ETSU. 96/02898 Ocean thermal energy convers ion (OTEC) system as a counter measure for CO2 problem - Energy balance and CO2 reduction potential Tahara, K. et al., Energy COllvers. Mg mt., Jun-S ep. 1995, 36, (6), 857-860. The authors evaluated the energy balance of an ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) system that is one of the substitute energy sources. It was found that a 100 MW OTEC system reduces the amount of CO2 emission by 140,000 t-C/year, as compared with a 100 MW coal fired power plant. Its energy pay back time was calculated to be 0.46 year. In addition. the synergistic CO, uptake effect by the compulsory circulation of the ocean was calculated to be 7,800 t-C/year for a 100 MW OTEC system on the basis of the difference between the present and pre-industrial CO, concentrations in the atmosphere. 96/02899 Partial oxidation of liquefied slurries of plastic wastes for production of transportation fuels Khan, M. R. et al., (A ss igned 10) Texa co Inc., US Par.5,44 5.659, Aug. 1995.
96/02900 Plastics pyrolysis and coal coprocesslng with waste plastics Mulgaonkar, M. S. et al., Prepr. Pap-Am. Chern. So c., Div . Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (3), 638-642. Describes a compact unit which has been designed to pyrolyze a mixture of waste plastics and used oil. The product of the process is a liquid oil that has considerably reduced viscosity and which can be either used as fuel directly or as a feedstock for refineries. Pyrolysis was carried out for the waste oil alone and for its mixture with plastics of one type. 96/02901 Power from waste Ernsperger, W. and Karg, J. Po wer Engineering 1., Feb. 1996. 10, (1), 35-41. Following on from combined-cycle power plants, the emerging lGCC technology shows great promise in burning oil refinery residues to generate low-cost and environmentally friendly electricity. 96/02902 Processing of waste packaging material by gasifIcation Rabe, W. et aJ., (Assigned to) Lausitzer Bergbau-verwattungsgesellschajt mbH, GER . Offell. DE.4,40B,581, Sep. 1995 .
96/02903 Renewable energies In Europe - Statistics and their problems Plaz, W. lilt. J. Solar Energy, 1995, 17, (2), 73-81. Discusses the statistics of renewable Energy in Europe.
96/02886 Wind turbine technology In Australia . A growth Industry Crawford, T. Sol ar Progress, Nov.-Dec. 1995, 16, (4), 1O-1l. Discusses the use and the markets for wind turbines in Australia.
Others, Including Development , Economics 96/02887 Can GENI enhance the use of renewable energy and reduce poverty Diesendorf, M. Solar Progress, Nov.· Dec. 1995, 16, (4), 12-13. The author reports that recently, Australia received another visit from Peter Meisen, the founder of a group called Global Energy Network International (GENl). In essence, GENI claims that the construction of international transmission lines would greatly enhance the use of renewable energy, improve the environment, reduce world hunger and poverty, and further the cause of world peace. All these extraordinary claims are promoted with glossy videos, brochures and speeches which are long on rhetoric but short on content. The author discusses the claims made by GENI. 96/02888 Characterization of pyrolytlc carbon blacks from commercial tire pyrolysis plants Darmstadt, H. et al., Carb on, 1995, 33, (10), 1449·1455. Pyrolysis of used tyres yields oil and pyrolytic carbon black (CBp) ' The tyre pyrolysis process can be performed either in vacuo or at atmospheric pressure. The CB recovered in both processes are different from the commercial carbon bTacks used in the tyre fabrication. Different spectroscopic methods such as ESCA, SIMS, Auger-spectroscopy and XRD were used to characterize CBp obtained in commercial tyre pyrolysis plants operating in vacuo and at atmospheric pressure. 96/02889 Co-gasification of used plastics at a demonstration plant. Results from research and development activities Schiffer, H. P. and Adlhoch, W. Braun kohle Bergbautech., 1995,47, (3), 19-25. (In German) The paper describes how mixed plastics, separated from collected household wastes, was mixed with brown coal and processes by high-temperature Winkler (partial oxidation) gasification in an indusrial-scale facility with capacity of 700 tonnes coaVday. In addition to containing approximately 60% plastics, the fraction also contained paper, composite materials, metals, and residual garbage. 96/02890 Ecosystem driven by OTEC and oceanic high mlneral water. Otohlme Project Komiyama, H. and Yamada, K. Ene rgy Conv erso Mgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), 889-894. A new system is proposed for mitigating global warming using a high productivity of coral reef ecosystems and ocean thermal energy conversion systems (OTEC). The system is called 'Otohime' . 96/02891 Energy technologies for the 21st century : Substitutes for fossil fuel Hurtak, 1. J. Proc. 30th In tersoc. En ergy Converso Eng. Con]., 1995, 2, 433·439. Discusses oil production, reserves, and future energy alternatives such as geothermal systems, wind technology, biomass (landfill and crops), and energy for transportation. The determining forces at work in the energy dependence field are: growth, demographic patterns, economic incentives, electricity rate structure, mobility, energy production/consumption ratios, land usc regulations, and air pollution rules and regulations. Renewable energy resources are becoming more viable based not only on ongoing improvements in technology, but from higher costs and greater depletion of nonrenewable resources. 96/02892 The evolution of a pump using water hammer Zimmerman, K. So lar Progr ess, Nov.-Dec. 1995, 16, (4), p. 14. 96/02893 Focus on government Sonneborn, C. Solar Pr ogress, Nov-Dec. 1995, 16, (4), 25-27. A report on energy developments in Australia.
202 Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
96/02894 Free radical monitoring of the coprocesslng of coal with chemical components of waste tires Ibrahim, M. M. and Seehra, M. S. Fuel Pro cess. Technol., 1995, 45, (3) , 213-219. The paper discusses the effects of a Michelin (waste) tyre tread and its various chemical components on the free radical intensities, N, of Blind Canyon coal using in-situ ESR spectroscopy are reported from ambient temperature at 500°C. The results support the reported improved liquefaction of the coal with waste tyre polymers. 96/02895 Future sustainable energy supply Jennings, J. S. Energy World, Feb. 1996, (236), 8-10. The availability of sufficient energy at affordable prices is vitally important if the vision of sustainable development - in which the lot of mankind is gradually improved without undue damage to the world's ecosystem -is to be achieved. The article is based on a paper given by the author at the 16th World Energy Council Congress in Tokyo in October 1995. 96/02896 Gasification kinet ics of waste tire-char with CO2 in a thermobalance reactor Lee, J. S. and Kim, S. D. Energy, May 1996, 21, (5), 343-352. The effects of gasification temperature (850-1000°C) and partial pressure of CO, (0.3·1.0 atm) on gasification rate of lyre-char/CO, have been determined in a thermobalance reactor. The gasification rate was found to be independent of char size for sizes less than 0.65 mm and initial sample mass less than 1.0 g. Among the tested models, the modified volume reaction model is best for predicting conversion data. The kinetic parameters (activation energy, pre-exponential factor and reactor order) are determined on the basis of a modified volume-reaction model. 96/02897 Integrated waste strategy and other musings Loram, R. G. Energy World, Mar. 1996, (237), 15-16. A report on the two-day national conference by the Energy from Waste Association, allied with ETSU. 96/02898 Ocean thermal energy convers ion (OTEC) system as a counter measure for CO2 problem - Energy balance and CO2 reduction potential Tahara, K. et al., Energy COllvers. Mg mt., Jun-S ep. 1995, 36, (6), 857-860. The authors evaluated the energy balance of an ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) system that is one of the substitute energy sources. It was found that a 100 MW OTEC system reduces the amount of CO2 emission by 140,000 t-C/year, as compared with a 100 MW coal fired power plant. Its energy pay back time was calculated to be 0.46 year. In addition. the synergistic CO, uptake effect by the compulsory circulation of the ocean was calculated to be 7,800 t-C/year for a 100 MW OTEC system on the basis of the difference between the present and pre-industrial CO, concentrations in the atmosphere. 96/02899 Partial oxidation of liquefied slurries of plastic wastes for production of transportation fuels Khan, M. R. et al., (A ss igned 10) Texa co Inc., US Par.5,44 5.659, Aug. 1995.
96/02900 Plastics pyrolysis and coal coprocesslng with waste plastics Mulgaonkar, M. S. et al., Prepr. Pap-Am. Chern. So c., Div . Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (3), 638-642. Describes a compact unit which has been designed to pyrolyze a mixture of waste plastics and used oil. The product of the process is a liquid oil that has considerably reduced viscosity and which can be either used as fuel directly or as a feedstock for refineries. Pyrolysis was carried out for the waste oil alone and for its mixture with plastics of one type. 96/02901 Power from waste Ernsperger, W. and Karg, J. Po wer Engineering 1., Feb. 1996. 10, (1), 35-41. Following on from combined-cycle power plants, the emerging lGCC technology shows great promise in burning oil refinery residues to generate low-cost and environmentally friendly electricity. 96/02902 Processing of waste packaging material by gasifIcation Rabe, W. et aJ., (Assigned to) Lausitzer Bergbau-verwattungsgesellschajt mbH, GER . Offell. DE.4,40B,581, Sep. 1995 .
96/02903 Renewable energies In Europe - Statistics and their problems Plaz, W. lilt. J. Solar Energy, 1995, 17, (2), 73-81. Discusses the statistics of renewable Energy in Europe.