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Influence of Virginiamycin on Energy Utilization When Turkey Poults Were Fed Ad Libitum or Restricted1
Influence of Virginiamycin on Energy Utilization When Turkey Poults Were Fed Ad Libitum or Restricted1 R. E. BURESH, R. D. MILES, and R. H. HARMS2 Poultry Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (Received for publication July 23, 1984)
1985 Poultry Science 64:1041-1042
INTRODUCTION Buresh et al. ( 1 9 8 4 ) reviewed t h e literature on increased utilization of protein, sulfur amino acids, and p h o s p h o r u s from t h e addition of virginiamycin t o t h e diet a n d r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e addition of virginiamycin t o t h e diet of t u r k e y poults improved t h e utilization of energy. T h e e x p e r i m e n t r e p o r t e d herein was c o n d u c t e d t o d e t e r m i n e t h e influence of virginiamycin on energy utilization b y t u r k e y poults fed ad libitum or w h e n feed was restricted.
n o n s u p p l e m e n t e d ad libitum diet. T h e q u a n t i t y of restricted feed was calculated daily using t h e previous day's c o n s u m p t i o n b y t h e ad libitum birds. Individual b o d y weights w e r e o b t a i n e d a n d feed c o n s u m p t i o n b y pen was calculated at 21 days of age. Feed efficiency (g feed/g b o d y weight) and kilocalories of metabolizable energy required per gram b o d y weight were calculated. T h e d a t a were subjected t o analyses of variance. The sex x t r e a t m e n t interaction was n o t significant; therefore, t h e d a t a for sexes
MATERIALS AND METHODS An e x p e r i m e n t was c o n d u c t e d using day-old Nicholas Large White t u r k e y poults. A cornsoybean basal diet was used (Table 1). T h e p o u l t s were sexed at o n e day of age and rand o m l y assigned to 36 pens in electrically-heated Petersime batteries w i t h raised wire floors. A 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of t r e a t m e n t s was used c o m p a r i n g full and restricted feeding programs with and w i t h o u t 22 p p m of virginiamycin. Nine replications, each containing four male and four female p o u l t s , were fed each of t h e four e x p e r i m e n t a l diets. T w o g r o u p s were fed t h e diet ad libitum. The other groups received only 7 5 % of t h e average a m o u n t of feed c o n s u m e d b y t h e p o u l t s o n t h e
1 Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 5732. 2 To whom correspondence should be addressed.
TABLE 1. Composition of basal diet Ingredient
(%) Yellow corn Soybean meal (49% protein) Dicalcium phosphate (18.5% P, 22% Ca) Limestone Salt, iodized Poultry oil Microingredients1 DL-Methionine
48.63 43.17 2.09 1.42 .30 3.71 .50 .18
'Supplied per kilogram of diet: 6600 IU vitamin A; 2200 ICU vitamin D 3 ; 11 IU vitamin E; 2.2 mg menadione dimethylpyrimidinol bisulfite (MPB); 4.4 mg riboflavin; 13.2 mg pantothenic acid; 59.6 mg niacin; 998.8 mg choline; 22 /ig vitamin B 1 2 ; 110 jug biotin; 125 mg ethoxyquin; 126.1 mg MnC0 3 ; 300.1 mg iron citrate; 15.97 mg CuCl2 ^ H j O ; 1.65 mgKI; 41.85 mgZnO.
1041
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at Purdue University Libraries ADMN on June 21, 2015
ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted with day-old turkey poults to study the influence of virginiamycin on energy utilization. A 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used, which included ad libitum or a 25% feed restriction and 0 or 22 ppm of virginiamycin. Virginiamycin in the diet significantly improved body weight, feed efficiency, and dietary energy utilization when poults were fed ad libitum or when feed was restricted. These data indicate that virginiamycin enhances the utilization of dietary energy by turkey poults. (Key words: virginiamycin, energy, turkey poult)
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BURESH ETAL. TABLE 2. Body weight, feed consumption, feed efficiency, and energy utilization when poults were fed ad libitum or restricted fed Ad libitum-ied
Body weight, g Feed consumption, g/bird Feed efficiency Kilocalories/gram body weight
25% Feed restriction
—vm
+vm
—vm
440.2 C 559.5 b 1.26 b 3.41 b
463.8 d 553.3 b 1.20a 3.26 c
309.9 a 419.oa 1.36c 3.68 a
+vm 334.5 b 418.7 a 1.28 b 3.46 b
were combined. Significant differences between treatment means were determined by Duncan's multiple range test (1955). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A 25% reduction in feed intake resulted in a significant reduction in body weight in both the presence and absence of virginiamycin (Table 2). The presence of virginiamycin resulted in a significant increase in body weight. This improvement was approximately the same for the ad libitum fed and restricted treatments. Feed consumption was not significantly different for the two ad libitum-ied groups (Table 2). The presence of virginiamycin to the diet significantly improved feed efficiency for both the ad libitum fed and the restricted groups. The presence of virginiamycin to the diet significantly reduced the amount of energy required to produce a gram of weight gain (Table 2). This improvement in energy utilization was greater with poults in the restricted groups (7.4%) than with the ad libitum-ied group. The improvement in feed efficiency and energy utilization from virginiamycin supplementation in this study agrees with the findings
of Buresh et al. (1984). However, in this study the energy intake was the same for those poults in the restricted group receiving the diets with and without virginiamycin. Therefore, the improvement in weight gain observed in this study was a result of more efficient energy utilization. These data support the findings of Buresh et al. (1984) and March et al. (1981) that virginiamycin improves the utilization of energy. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This study was supported in part by a grantin-aid by SmithKline Beckman Corporation, Animal Health Products, West Chester, PA 19380. REFERENCES Buresh, R. E., R. D. Miles, and R. H. Harms, 1984. Influence of virginiamycin on energy utilization of turkey poults. Nutr. Rept. Int. 29:1451 — 1456. Duncan, D. B., 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11:1—42. March, B. E., R. Soong, and C. MacMillan, 1981. Growth rate, feed conversion, and dietary metabolizable energy in response to virginiamycin supplementation of different diets. Poultry Sci. 57:1346-1350.
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at Purdue University Libraries ADMN on June 21, 2015
Means with different superscripts within a row are significantly different (P<.05).
1985 Poultry Science 64:1041-1042
INTRODUCTION Buresh et al. ( 1 9 8 4 ) reviewed t h e literature on increased utilization of protein, sulfur amino acids, and p h o s p h o r u s from t h e addition of virginiamycin t o t h e diet a n d r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e addition of virginiamycin t o t h e diet of t u r k e y poults improved t h e utilization of energy. T h e e x p e r i m e n t r e p o r t e d herein was c o n d u c t e d t o d e t e r m i n e t h e influence of virginiamycin on energy utilization b y t u r k e y poults fed ad libitum or w h e n feed was restricted.
n o n s u p p l e m e n t e d ad libitum diet. T h e q u a n t i t y of restricted feed was calculated daily using t h e previous day's c o n s u m p t i o n b y t h e ad libitum birds. Individual b o d y weights w e r e o b t a i n e d a n d feed c o n s u m p t i o n b y pen was calculated at 21 days of age. Feed efficiency (g feed/g b o d y weight) and kilocalories of metabolizable energy required per gram b o d y weight were calculated. T h e d a t a were subjected t o analyses of variance. The sex x t r e a t m e n t interaction was n o t significant; therefore, t h e d a t a for sexes
MATERIALS AND METHODS An e x p e r i m e n t was c o n d u c t e d using day-old Nicholas Large White t u r k e y poults. A cornsoybean basal diet was used (Table 1). T h e p o u l t s were sexed at o n e day of age and rand o m l y assigned to 36 pens in electrically-heated Petersime batteries w i t h raised wire floors. A 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of t r e a t m e n t s was used c o m p a r i n g full and restricted feeding programs with and w i t h o u t 22 p p m of virginiamycin. Nine replications, each containing four male and four female p o u l t s , were fed each of t h e four e x p e r i m e n t a l diets. T w o g r o u p s were fed t h e diet ad libitum. The other groups received only 7 5 % of t h e average a m o u n t of feed c o n s u m e d b y t h e p o u l t s o n t h e
1 Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 5732. 2 To whom correspondence should be addressed.
TABLE 1. Composition of basal diet Ingredient
(%) Yellow corn Soybean meal (49% protein) Dicalcium phosphate (18.5% P, 22% Ca) Limestone Salt, iodized Poultry oil Microingredients1 DL-Methionine
48.63 43.17 2.09 1.42 .30 3.71 .50 .18
'Supplied per kilogram of diet: 6600 IU vitamin A; 2200 ICU vitamin D 3 ; 11 IU vitamin E; 2.2 mg menadione dimethylpyrimidinol bisulfite (MPB); 4.4 mg riboflavin; 13.2 mg pantothenic acid; 59.6 mg niacin; 998.8 mg choline; 22 /ig vitamin B 1 2 ; 110 jug biotin; 125 mg ethoxyquin; 126.1 mg MnC0 3 ; 300.1 mg iron citrate; 15.97 mg CuCl2 ^ H j O ; 1.65 mgKI; 41.85 mgZnO.
1041
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at Purdue University Libraries ADMN on June 21, 2015
ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted with day-old turkey poults to study the influence of virginiamycin on energy utilization. A 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used, which included ad libitum or a 25% feed restriction and 0 or 22 ppm of virginiamycin. Virginiamycin in the diet significantly improved body weight, feed efficiency, and dietary energy utilization when poults were fed ad libitum or when feed was restricted. These data indicate that virginiamycin enhances the utilization of dietary energy by turkey poults. (Key words: virginiamycin, energy, turkey poult)
1042
BURESH ETAL. TABLE 2. Body weight, feed consumption, feed efficiency, and energy utilization when poults were fed ad libitum or restricted fed Ad libitum-ied
Body weight, g Feed consumption, g/bird Feed efficiency Kilocalories/gram body weight
25% Feed restriction
—vm
+vm
—vm
440.2 C 559.5 b 1.26 b 3.41 b
463.8 d 553.3 b 1.20a 3.26 c
309.9 a 419.oa 1.36c 3.68 a
+vm 334.5 b 418.7 a 1.28 b 3.46 b
were combined. Significant differences between treatment means were determined by Duncan's multiple range test (1955). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A 25% reduction in feed intake resulted in a significant reduction in body weight in both the presence and absence of virginiamycin (Table 2). The presence of virginiamycin resulted in a significant increase in body weight. This improvement was approximately the same for the ad libitum fed and restricted treatments. Feed consumption was not significantly different for the two ad libitum-ied groups (Table 2). The presence of virginiamycin to the diet significantly improved feed efficiency for both the ad libitum fed and the restricted groups. The presence of virginiamycin to the diet significantly reduced the amount of energy required to produce a gram of weight gain (Table 2). This improvement in energy utilization was greater with poults in the restricted groups (7.4%) than with the ad libitum-ied group. The improvement in feed efficiency and energy utilization from virginiamycin supplementation in this study agrees with the findings
of Buresh et al. (1984). However, in this study the energy intake was the same for those poults in the restricted group receiving the diets with and without virginiamycin. Therefore, the improvement in weight gain observed in this study was a result of more efficient energy utilization. These data support the findings of Buresh et al. (1984) and March et al. (1981) that virginiamycin improves the utilization of energy. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This study was supported in part by a grantin-aid by SmithKline Beckman Corporation, Animal Health Products, West Chester, PA 19380. REFERENCES Buresh, R. E., R. D. Miles, and R. H. Harms, 1984. Influence of virginiamycin on energy utilization of turkey poults. Nutr. Rept. Int. 29:1451 — 1456. Duncan, D. B., 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11:1—42. March, B. E., R. Soong, and C. MacMillan, 1981. Growth rate, feed conversion, and dietary metabolizable energy in response to virginiamycin supplementation of different diets. Poultry Sci. 57:1346-1350.
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at Purdue University Libraries ADMN on June 21, 2015
Means with different superscripts within a row are significantly different (P<.05).