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Internal friction and ultrasonic attenuation in solids
u
---
International conference on acoustic emission and photoacoustic spectroscopy Chelsea College, London,
UK, July 21-23
1981
This fourth international conference on acoustic emission at Chelsea College was noteworthy for the innovation of devoting half the meeting to the fast-growing field of photoacoustic spectroscopy. Of the 18 contributions more than half were from overseas, and six different countries were represented. The breadth of the applications is made evident by mentioning a few, such as Photoacoustic spectroscopy of synthetic polymers (H.A. Willis, ICI Ltd), ‘Photoacoustic measurement of optical and thermal properties with reference to biological applications’ (P. Poulet and .I. Chambron, Institute de Physique, Paris), ‘Photoacoustic microscopy for nde of metals and ceramics’ (R.L. Thomas et al of Wayne State University, USA), ‘Investigation of ultraviolet light-induced aging of ZnS phosphor using twobeam photoacoustic spectroscopy’, etc. The last-named topic described by Eaves et al (University of Nottingham) is concerned with the PAS monitoring of large area electroluminescent panels for the detection of light-induced
changes in the absorption spectrum and the influence doping and atmospheric contamination.
of
In the acoustic emission section the emphasis this year was placed on non-metallic media, and contributions were forthcoming on polymer, concrete and reinforced plastic applications. An interesting new field of application was the extension to machine diagnostics, the paper by Roeder of Germany being on the ‘Diagnosis of engine faults’. The other contribution by M. Arrington (Acoustic Emission Consultants Ltd, St Ives) dealt with the application of ae equipment to machinery health and process monitoring. A small exhibition of apparatus and acoustics literature pertinent to the conference was also arranged. The lectures are to be published in a volume of the Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics and may be ordered at a price of g6 from the Secretary, Institute of Acoustics, Heriot-Watt University, 2.5 Chambers Street, Edinburgh EHl 1HU. R. W. B. Stephens
Seventh international conference on internal friction and ultrasonic attenuation in solids Lausanne, Switzerland,
6-9 July 1981
It would be impracticable to single-out satisfactorily even a few papers for comment in a short summary of the meeting. About 170 papers were contributed and they were classified under the following headings: Dislocations, Amorphous materials, Magnetic, electronic and dielectric properties, Point defects, Diffusion and assisted phase transformations, Diffusionless phase transformations, Technical developments. Nearly one half of the contributions were concerned with dislocations, the main parameter investigated being internal friction, and a number of papers dealt with the
Internal friction solids
and ultrasonic attenuation
in
Edited by C. C. Smith Pergamon
Press (1980)
xiii + 416 pp, f25
The third of the European conferences on ‘Internal Friction and Ultrasonic Attenuation in Solids’, which are held in the intervals between the international meetings on the same
ULTRASONICS.
MARCH
1982
current interest in metals containing hydrogen. In the section on amorphous materials a prominent topic was damping in metallic glasses. One half of the contributions concerned with diffusionless transformations dealt with the martensitic phase. meeting was well organized and derived benefit from the close location of the lecture theatre with the poster rooms. The proceedings of the conference will be published by the ‘Editions de Physique’. The
R. W.B. Stephens
subject, was held at Manchester University in July 1979. Seven major topics were discussed and the meeting was divided into six-sections as follows: ‘Dislocation Damping I’, ‘Dislocation Damping II’, ‘Zener Relaxation’, ‘Phase Transformations, Interfaces and High Temperature Damping’, ‘Glasses and Ceramics’ and ‘Polymers’. The numbers of papers in these sections are respectively 20, 12, 5, 16, 8 and 4, the last two representing the response to the efforts of
93
the organizers materials.
to attract
contributions
on non-metallic
In the preface to the published proceedings the editor states that internal friction measurements provide a very sensitive technique for the study of such structural features as point defects, dislocations, interfaces and second phases in solids and the processes by which these features contribute to energy dissipation. The topics cover investigations from point defect interactions to the establishment of high damping capacity materials of significance in the absorption of noise and vibration. The first section on dislocation damping is concerned with its effect at low amplitudes and is involved with the relaxations associated with Bordoni, the Hasigati and the Niblett-Wilks peaks. The first two are properties of dislocations while the last is generally regarded as arising from the interaction of dislocations with point defects. The second group of dislocation lectures deals mainly with the influence on internal friction of high strain-amplitudes and the consequent breakaway of dislocations from their pinning points. The production of dislocation impurity relaxations arising from impurity doping and the presence of atomic hydrogen, also receives consideration. Zener relaxation refers to pair reorientation between solute atoms and has been found to exist in a number of alloy
Books
listed
editorial from
below
office
are
those
recently
or those mentioned
the publishers.
Their inclusion
them from being reviewed
received
by
the
in advance information here does not prevent
systems of different structures. The contributors here have used the effect to investigate interstitial and vacancy migration in different alloys. The generation of vacancies by electron irradiation has also been studied. The fourth group comprises a number of topics, and that of the martensitic transformation in metals occurs a number of times and is shown to be affected by heat treatment and impurities. The last two sections deal with non-metals and the earlier experiments of Bommel et al that showed the existence of a significant relaxation peak at low temperatures in fused silica, etc, was confirmed for other glasses. This effect has been attributed to a thermally-activated process whereas the high temperature relaxations, also studied, are considered to arise from ionic diffusion. The rapid development in electronic instrumentation appears now to be having a significant impact on experimental techniques. The conference has also served to provide us with the latest theoretical advances in the subject and this volume of proceedings should certainly find a place in the libraries of all those working in the field, physicists, mechanical engineers, rheologists and others.
R. W.B. Stephens
Investigative Edited Pitman
Books Ltd (19811,
Vibration P.M. Morse
SNTL,
American
(1981)
Acoustics: an introduction and applications A.D.
332 pp, 50 K&
Edited
and sound Institute
of Physics (1981)
xix + 468 pp, $15.00
Real-time ultrasound
imaging in the abdomen
M. L. Skolnick (1981)
xxiii + 642 pp, f21.95
formation,
by C. R. Hill end A. Kra tochwil
Excerpta
xii + 328 pp, f18.50
to its physical principles
Medical ultrasonic images recording and perception
94
(in Czech)
Pierce
McGraw-Hill
2, clinical advances
in a later issue.
Cavitation - diagnostics and technical usage M. Brdizka, L. Samek and 0. Taraba Czechoslovakia
ultrasonology:
by C. Alvisi and C. R. Hill
Medica
(1981)
xi + 173 pp, f25.00
Springer
260 PP, DM 85, $36.00
(19811,
display, Ultraschallfibel H. Lutz,
R. Meudt
Springer
(1981)
144 pp, DM 58, $26.40
ULTRASONICS.
MARCH
1982
---
International conference on acoustic emission and photoacoustic spectroscopy Chelsea College, London,
UK, July 21-23
1981
This fourth international conference on acoustic emission at Chelsea College was noteworthy for the innovation of devoting half the meeting to the fast-growing field of photoacoustic spectroscopy. Of the 18 contributions more than half were from overseas, and six different countries were represented. The breadth of the applications is made evident by mentioning a few, such as Photoacoustic spectroscopy of synthetic polymers (H.A. Willis, ICI Ltd), ‘Photoacoustic measurement of optical and thermal properties with reference to biological applications’ (P. Poulet and .I. Chambron, Institute de Physique, Paris), ‘Photoacoustic microscopy for nde of metals and ceramics’ (R.L. Thomas et al of Wayne State University, USA), ‘Investigation of ultraviolet light-induced aging of ZnS phosphor using twobeam photoacoustic spectroscopy’, etc. The last-named topic described by Eaves et al (University of Nottingham) is concerned with the PAS monitoring of large area electroluminescent panels for the detection of light-induced
changes in the absorption spectrum and the influence doping and atmospheric contamination.
of
In the acoustic emission section the emphasis this year was placed on non-metallic media, and contributions were forthcoming on polymer, concrete and reinforced plastic applications. An interesting new field of application was the extension to machine diagnostics, the paper by Roeder of Germany being on the ‘Diagnosis of engine faults’. The other contribution by M. Arrington (Acoustic Emission Consultants Ltd, St Ives) dealt with the application of ae equipment to machinery health and process monitoring. A small exhibition of apparatus and acoustics literature pertinent to the conference was also arranged. The lectures are to be published in a volume of the Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics and may be ordered at a price of g6 from the Secretary, Institute of Acoustics, Heriot-Watt University, 2.5 Chambers Street, Edinburgh EHl 1HU. R. W. B. Stephens
Seventh international conference on internal friction and ultrasonic attenuation in solids Lausanne, Switzerland,
6-9 July 1981
It would be impracticable to single-out satisfactorily even a few papers for comment in a short summary of the meeting. About 170 papers were contributed and they were classified under the following headings: Dislocations, Amorphous materials, Magnetic, electronic and dielectric properties, Point defects, Diffusion and assisted phase transformations, Diffusionless phase transformations, Technical developments. Nearly one half of the contributions were concerned with dislocations, the main parameter investigated being internal friction, and a number of papers dealt with the
Internal friction solids
and ultrasonic attenuation
in
Edited by C. C. Smith Pergamon
Press (1980)
xiii + 416 pp, f25
The third of the European conferences on ‘Internal Friction and Ultrasonic Attenuation in Solids’, which are held in the intervals between the international meetings on the same
ULTRASONICS.
MARCH
1982
current interest in metals containing hydrogen. In the section on amorphous materials a prominent topic was damping in metallic glasses. One half of the contributions concerned with diffusionless transformations dealt with the martensitic phase. meeting was well organized and derived benefit from the close location of the lecture theatre with the poster rooms. The proceedings of the conference will be published by the ‘Editions de Physique’. The
R. W.B. Stephens
subject, was held at Manchester University in July 1979. Seven major topics were discussed and the meeting was divided into six-sections as follows: ‘Dislocation Damping I’, ‘Dislocation Damping II’, ‘Zener Relaxation’, ‘Phase Transformations, Interfaces and High Temperature Damping’, ‘Glasses and Ceramics’ and ‘Polymers’. The numbers of papers in these sections are respectively 20, 12, 5, 16, 8 and 4, the last two representing the response to the efforts of
93
the organizers materials.
to attract
contributions
on non-metallic
In the preface to the published proceedings the editor states that internal friction measurements provide a very sensitive technique for the study of such structural features as point defects, dislocations, interfaces and second phases in solids and the processes by which these features contribute to energy dissipation. The topics cover investigations from point defect interactions to the establishment of high damping capacity materials of significance in the absorption of noise and vibration. The first section on dislocation damping is concerned with its effect at low amplitudes and is involved with the relaxations associated with Bordoni, the Hasigati and the Niblett-Wilks peaks. The first two are properties of dislocations while the last is generally regarded as arising from the interaction of dislocations with point defects. The second group of dislocation lectures deals mainly with the influence on internal friction of high strain-amplitudes and the consequent breakaway of dislocations from their pinning points. The production of dislocation impurity relaxations arising from impurity doping and the presence of atomic hydrogen, also receives consideration. Zener relaxation refers to pair reorientation between solute atoms and has been found to exist in a number of alloy
Books
listed
editorial from
below
office
are
those
recently
or those mentioned
the publishers.
Their inclusion
them from being reviewed
received
by
the
in advance information here does not prevent
systems of different structures. The contributors here have used the effect to investigate interstitial and vacancy migration in different alloys. The generation of vacancies by electron irradiation has also been studied. The fourth group comprises a number of topics, and that of the martensitic transformation in metals occurs a number of times and is shown to be affected by heat treatment and impurities. The last two sections deal with non-metals and the earlier experiments of Bommel et al that showed the existence of a significant relaxation peak at low temperatures in fused silica, etc, was confirmed for other glasses. This effect has been attributed to a thermally-activated process whereas the high temperature relaxations, also studied, are considered to arise from ionic diffusion. The rapid development in electronic instrumentation appears now to be having a significant impact on experimental techniques. The conference has also served to provide us with the latest theoretical advances in the subject and this volume of proceedings should certainly find a place in the libraries of all those working in the field, physicists, mechanical engineers, rheologists and others.
R. W.B. Stephens
Investigative Edited Pitman
Books Ltd (19811,
Vibration P.M. Morse
SNTL,
American
(1981)
Acoustics: an introduction and applications A.D.
332 pp, 50 K&
Edited
and sound Institute
of Physics (1981)
xix + 468 pp, $15.00
Real-time ultrasound
imaging in the abdomen
M. L. Skolnick (1981)
xxiii + 642 pp, f21.95
formation,
by C. R. Hill end A. Kra tochwil
Excerpta
xii + 328 pp, f18.50
to its physical principles
Medical ultrasonic images recording and perception
94
(in Czech)
Pierce
McGraw-Hill
2, clinical advances
in a later issue.
Cavitation - diagnostics and technical usage M. Brdizka, L. Samek and 0. Taraba Czechoslovakia
ultrasonology:
by C. Alvisi and C. R. Hill
Medica
(1981)
xi + 173 pp, f25.00
Springer
260 PP, DM 85, $36.00
(19811,
display, Ultraschallfibel H. Lutz,
R. Meudt
Springer
(1981)
144 pp, DM 58, $26.40
ULTRASONICS.
MARCH
1982