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Investigations of attenuation and internal friction of rocks by ultrasonics
63A
ca& coastlines. Consequently, siti~ arzl design of nuclear ~x~er p l a n t s w i l l d e ~ in pert on the dymamic l ~ e s ~ the limestone. Results of ccml~ehenaive labcmatc~y studies pe~fcrme~ ~ ~oplcal marine limestone are ~esente~. Resomant e o l ~ ~ cyclic triaxial tes~ me~hods were t ~ i l i z e d t o d e t e r m i n e dym~m~c s o i l p~operties. ~ t c r y work was e u l ~ l e m e n t e d b y in-situ g e c ~ a i e a l measurm~mts fer d~nemlc I m o I ~ t y ~-t~m~lmtlons. Appreciable ~Iffere~es were observe~ between field ~ i s ~ r a ~ r y determined values of shear wave velocities; causal effects were attributed to hard zones causin~ first arrival from refracted wave, ac~ordary time effect cccurri~ in the laboratory test, etc. Laboratory results for the established geologic unit also i~dic&~e~ nonlinear ~tress-strain behavior s~m~1~r to that noted in the literature far soils. Auth.
610 MCMAHON,~K D0t~LAS,DJ KRGESS, PJ EDgineerir6 classification Of sedimentary rocks in the ~ a r e a ; Technical note. 5F,TR. AUS.G~'~MECH.J.GS, NI,1975,P~I-53 •
6o~
Earthquake mechanisms and effects 611
C~KA, H I~luenee of degree of shear stress reversal on the l i q u e f e c t i o m p o t e n t i a l o f s a t u r a t e d sand. SOILS FOt~D,VlS,N3,1975,P27-40. A series of ~ e cyclic shear tests umcler tmdrained c o r A i t i o n e was c o m d ~ t e d t o d e t e r m i n e t h e c o ~ i t i o n s to i~uce l i q u e f a c t i o n o f loose saturated sands, usir~ a ring ~ a i o n apparatus to apply cyclic sheer stresses mx~er nearly plane s~ain cor~Litione. Sudden failure was observed in tests in which the direction of the cyclic shear stresses was cc~ple~ely cr partially reversed, and was not observed in the u~reversed tests. Liquefaction became ~--~nent at a critical value of the ratio of the peak shear stress to the effective ver~ica& stress. The ~e~ree of stress reversal had considerable effect on the cordltions to cause initial liquefaction, but no significant effect on conditions to cause complete liquefaction. In completely reversed tests, the conditions to l~luee l i q u e f a c t i o n d e l ~ x l e d on t h e s h e a r stress amplitude ar~ the ~ e r of stress cycles, but were nearly ir~epe~dant cf the frequencies used.
6o7 SINGH,VP INDIAN SCH.MINES,DHANBAD, IND Investigations of a t t e n u a t i o n a r ~ internal friction of rocks by Ultrasonics. 20F,2T,12R. INT.J.ROCM MECH.MIN.SCI.GEC~ECH.ABS~R.VI3,N3,1976,
~59-7~,. 6o8
Geology See abstract: 665.
BRADY,~ Laboratory investigation of tilt and seismicity ancmalles in rock ~efore failure. ~,V260, ~5~7, MAR. 1976,Pl08-1li. La~eratc~y measurements show tilt and seismicity ~ ] ~ e s with time durations of a few m~l~seco~s 1~ecede failure in dry rock specimens. The o b s e r v e d tilt ar~ seismicity behaviour is qualitatively similar to that reported to ~recede earthquakes. Test results suggest that the l~ecusser time for laboratory specimens m ~ be i~lepe~ent of rock type, in agreement with theeretical l~edletions amd other experimental data on rock failures includir~ coal mine rock falls and esrthquakes. Auth.
Frost action, permafrost and frozen ground See abstract: 671.
Hydrogeology See abstracts: 594,657.
Groundwater See also abstract: 669.
LYSNE,PC STEVENS,AL D~c ~ c a & properties of two g r a d e s of o11 abale. ~F,3T,I~R. INT.J.ROCK MECH.MIN.SCI.GECMECH.ABSTR.VI3,N3,1976, P91-95.
Classification and identification
612 HINDLEY,MA NIXON,IK INKSON, DN A study into the effects - ineludir~ envir~=ental of mineral s a r ~ mining on the Tomago Sar~beds aqu/fer at NewcastleI NS~. 6FI6R. 2ND AUS.N.Z.CONF . G E C ~ s ]~RISRANE,i~75sINST.E ~ S , AUS. ~AT.CONF.POmL.
See also abstract: 616.
6o9
~.RLEY, AF
The theoretical a~i practical aspects of lar~ stability clasalficatlen. ~F,2T,14R. 2~D AUS-N.Z.CONF.GEC~EC~,~ISBANE, I~75, INS~.ET~RS, AUS.NAT.CONF.P i l L . NO. 75/~, P303-307. The ralevance a~i accuracy of various theoretical conce~ts a~i practica& ~ocedures a~o~ted in the assessment of the s t a b i l i t y of l s ~ l , Is discussed in a mazme~ sulted for ~irec~ c c e ~ e h e n a i o n b y nons~eclallat e~Elneers. The ~eeessity for the de~-Lled u n ~ s ~ r ~ of the site geal~Ical am~ environmental ~ocesses is e ~ s i s e ~ , amd guidelines fer the u z ~ e ~ L i ~ of La~rl Stability Assessm ~ s are l~esente~. F ~ l l y , Lsax~ ~ a b l l t ~ r Claaslfication systems are suggested fer beth "Regioml" amd "Specific Pro~ect" type of assessments. Auth.
N0.75/4, P16- ZO.
The Tomago San~eds contain two valuable resources, water and heavy minerals. Water is abstracted from p t ~ r ~ stations within the g a z e t ~ cst~mmnt area ard at the time of the study two areas outside the gazettei catchment area were 5 e i ~ mined for heavy m i ~ a l s . The develo~me~ of the existi~ water s u ~ scheme is outlined ~ the factors pertinent to mineral s a n d s m i n i ~ o p e r a t i o n s e r e n o t e d . U~der the ~ e ~ . l headir6s of geology/se.ratlgral~y, g r c ~ x l v a t e r / h ~ r o l o g y , chemistry and the vegetatio~/envlro~ment, the possible ~ s due to minir6 on the use of the aquifer ere assessed. F~lly, C o ~ t t O r ~ a r e s e t o u t ~mder which minir~ m i ~ t proceed within the gazet~e~ catchment a r e a , w i t h o u t a d v e r s e l y affec~ir~ the q u a l i t y a r ~ quantity of wa~er available and its abstraction. Auth.
ca& coastlines. Consequently, siti~ arzl design of nuclear ~x~er p l a n t s w i l l d e ~ in pert on the dymamic l ~ e s ~ the limestone. Results of ccml~ehenaive labcmatc~y studies pe~fcrme~ ~ ~oplcal marine limestone are ~esente~. Resomant e o l ~ ~ cyclic triaxial tes~ me~hods were t ~ i l i z e d t o d e t e r m i n e dym~m~c s o i l p~operties. ~ t c r y work was e u l ~ l e m e n t e d b y in-situ g e c ~ a i e a l measurm~mts fer d~nemlc I m o I ~ t y ~-t~m~lmtlons. Appreciable ~Iffere~es were observe~ between field ~ i s ~ r a ~ r y determined values of shear wave velocities; causal effects were attributed to hard zones causin~ first arrival from refracted wave, ac~ordary time effect cccurri~ in the laboratory test, etc. Laboratory results for the established geologic unit also i~dic&~e~ nonlinear ~tress-strain behavior s~m~1~r to that noted in the literature far soils. Auth.
610 MCMAHON,~K D0t~LAS,DJ KRGESS, PJ EDgineerir6 classification Of sedimentary rocks in the ~ a r e a ; Technical note. 5F,TR. AUS.G~'~MECH.J.GS, NI,1975,P~I-53 •
6o~
Earthquake mechanisms and effects 611
C~KA, H I~luenee of degree of shear stress reversal on the l i q u e f e c t i o m p o t e n t i a l o f s a t u r a t e d sand. SOILS FOt~D,VlS,N3,1975,P27-40. A series of ~ e cyclic shear tests umcler tmdrained c o r A i t i o n e was c o m d ~ t e d t o d e t e r m i n e t h e c o ~ i t i o n s to i~uce l i q u e f a c t i o n o f loose saturated sands, usir~ a ring ~ a i o n apparatus to apply cyclic sheer stresses mx~er nearly plane s~ain cor~Litione. Sudden failure was observed in tests in which the direction of the cyclic shear stresses was cc~ple~ely cr partially reversed, and was not observed in the u~reversed tests. Liquefaction became ~--~nent at a critical value of the ratio of the peak shear stress to the effective ver~ica& stress. The ~e~ree of stress reversal had considerable effect on the cordltions to cause initial liquefaction, but no significant effect on conditions to cause complete liquefaction. In completely reversed tests, the conditions to l~luee l i q u e f a c t i o n d e l ~ x l e d on t h e s h e a r stress amplitude ar~ the ~ e r of stress cycles, but were nearly ir~epe~dant cf the frequencies used.
6o7 SINGH,VP INDIAN SCH.MINES,DHANBAD, IND Investigations of a t t e n u a t i o n a r ~ internal friction of rocks by Ultrasonics. 20F,2T,12R. INT.J.ROCM MECH.MIN.SCI.GEC~ECH.ABS~R.VI3,N3,1976,
~59-7~,. 6o8
Geology See abstract: 665.
BRADY,~ Laboratory investigation of tilt and seismicity ancmalles in rock ~efore failure. ~,V260, ~5~7, MAR. 1976,Pl08-1li. La~eratc~y measurements show tilt and seismicity ~ ] ~ e s with time durations of a few m~l~seco~s 1~ecede failure in dry rock specimens. The o b s e r v e d tilt ar~ seismicity behaviour is qualitatively similar to that reported to ~recede earthquakes. Test results suggest that the l~ecusser time for laboratory specimens m ~ be i~lepe~ent of rock type, in agreement with theeretical l~edletions amd other experimental data on rock failures includir~ coal mine rock falls and esrthquakes. Auth.
Frost action, permafrost and frozen ground See abstract: 671.
Hydrogeology See abstracts: 594,657.
Groundwater See also abstract: 669.
LYSNE,PC STEVENS,AL D~c ~ c a & properties of two g r a d e s of o11 abale. ~F,3T,I~R. INT.J.ROCK MECH.MIN.SCI.GECMECH.ABSTR.VI3,N3,1976, P91-95.
Classification and identification
612 HINDLEY,MA NIXON,IK INKSON, DN A study into the effects - ineludir~ envir~=ental of mineral s a r ~ mining on the Tomago Sar~beds aqu/fer at NewcastleI NS~. 6FI6R. 2ND AUS.N.Z.CONF . G E C ~ s ]~RISRANE,i~75sINST.E ~ S , AUS. ~AT.CONF.POmL.
See also abstract: 616.
6o9
~.RLEY, AF
The theoretical a~i practical aspects of lar~ stability clasalficatlen. ~F,2T,14R. 2~D AUS-N.Z.CONF.GEC~EC~,~ISBANE, I~75, INS~.ET~RS, AUS.NAT.CONF.P i l L . NO. 75/~, P303-307. The ralevance a~i accuracy of various theoretical conce~ts a~i practica& ~ocedures a~o~ted in the assessment of the s t a b i l i t y of l s ~ l , Is discussed in a mazme~ sulted for ~irec~ c c e ~ e h e n a i o n b y nons~eclallat e~Elneers. The ~eeessity for the de~-Lled u n ~ s ~ r ~ of the site geal~Ical am~ environmental ~ocesses is e ~ s i s e ~ , amd guidelines fer the u z ~ e ~ L i ~ of La~rl Stability Assessm ~ s are l~esente~. F ~ l l y , Lsax~ ~ a b l l t ~ r Claaslfication systems are suggested fer beth "Regioml" amd "Specific Pro~ect" type of assessments. Auth.
N0.75/4, P16- ZO.
The Tomago San~eds contain two valuable resources, water and heavy minerals. Water is abstracted from p t ~ r ~ stations within the g a z e t ~ cst~mmnt area ard at the time of the study two areas outside the gazettei catchment area were 5 e i ~ mined for heavy m i ~ a l s . The develo~me~ of the existi~ water s u ~ scheme is outlined ~ the factors pertinent to mineral s a n d s m i n i ~ o p e r a t i o n s e r e n o t e d . U~der the ~ e ~ . l headir6s of geology/se.ratlgral~y, g r c ~ x l v a t e r / h ~ r o l o g y , chemistry and the vegetatio~/envlro~ment, the possible ~ s due to minir6 on the use of the aquifer ere assessed. F~lly, C o ~ t t O r ~ a r e s e t o u t ~mder which minir~ m i ~ t proceed within the gazet~e~ catchment a r e a , w i t h o u t a d v e r s e l y affec~ir~ the q u a l i t y a r ~ quantity of wa~er available and its abstraction. Auth.