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Monitoring of vacuum deposition process
Vacuum News £110,000 carburizing plant at LSM Balzers High Vacuum Limited have recently commissioned at the Rotherham, Yorks works of London 8- Scandinavian Metallurgical Co Ltd a high vacuum carburizing plant worth £110,000. The plant has a total daily output of 220 kg of high quality metal carbides for the hard metal industry. The plant consists of two high vacuum carburizing furnaces (Model IOV 50) mounted in parallel and connected to one high vacuum pumping station. Equipped with a medium frequency inductor generator the furnace operate at temperatures up to 2200°C and are fitted with a semi-automatic process control system. Balzers High Vacuum Ltd, Northbridge Road, Berkhamsted, Herts, UK
Monitoring of vacuum deposition process Accurate monitoring of vacuum deposition process is available with an,Edwards Film Thickness Monitor: the FTM2 with a clear meter, directly calibrated in film thickness and the FTM3 which makes use of integrated circuitry to give a bright digital display. Both instruments work on the quartz microbalance technique. The frequency of an oscillating quartz crystal, located in the coating chamber, changes in proportion to the mass of evaporant deposited on it. Film thickness and rate of deposition are calculated by comparison with a reference oscillator. The FTM2 has a sensitivity of 3 ,~, at unit density. Optional assessories include a Ratemeter to indicate deposition rate, and a Terminator which indicates when a preset film thickness has been achieved. Edwards AECS 70A, an automatic evaporation control system, can be used in conjunction with the FTM2, Ratemeter and Terminator, and is ideal for precision production purposes. The FTM3 has a sensitivity of 1 A at unit density and has an optional Termination Unit and Rate Display. Both film thickness monitors are suitable for metal and dielectric evaporated films. The only requirement for their use is for the coating unit to have a 1 in. dia leadthrough hole to accept the water-cooled crystal holder. Edwards High Vacuum, Manor Royal, Crawley, West Sussex RH10 2LW, UK E d w a r d s E D M 2 vacuum pump--dual frequency international v e r s i o n Edwards High Vacuum announce that their EDM2 direct drive, two-stage rotary high vacuum pump is now available, ex-stock with a dual frequency motor (220/240 V 50/60 Hz). This pump will be suitable for most international markets. The standard version (220/240 V 50 Hz) is also available. The EDM2 is a portable unit weighing only 16 kg, It has an integral isolation valve to prevent il suck-back, a gas ballast valve and both pressure and gravity oil-drain facilities. Displacement at 50 Hz is 2m 3 h -1 and at 60 Hz is 2.4m 3 h-1. Ultimate vacuum is better than 10 -3 mbar, without using premium vacuum oils. Edwards High Vacuum, Manor Royal, Crawley, West Sussex RH10 2LW, UK
European i n d u s t r i a l s a f e t y e q u i p m e n t reach $1 b i l l i o n b y 1 9 8 1 / 1 9 8 2
market
to
Total volume for the nascent European industrial safety equipment market, including monitoring devices, is forecast to be $1 billion in 1981-1982, concludes 'The European Market For Industrial Safety Equipment', Frost 8- Sullivan's initial study of the field. All projections are based on 1976 year-end exchange rates. The estimated 1978 spending for the five-country market, United Kingdom, France, West Germany, Italy and Sweden, at $852 million, with $728 million allocated for personal protection and $124 million for monitoring equipment. The study estimates an
average annual growth rate of 5% in the developed markets of the United Kingdom, West Germany and Sweden, and a rate of 8-10% in the emerging French and Italian markets. The current outlook anticipates a growth to $894 million in 1979, and $939 million in 1980, but also notes that a recovery in world trade could accelerate the use of industrial safety equipment in Europe. The study's examination of 1976 spending indicates that purchasing of safety footwear, protective clothing and hand protection represented about 82% of worker protection equipment. The United Kingdom is considered the most advanced of the five national markets and is expected to have a volume of close to $200 million in mid-1978. Because of its advanced state and economic cross-currents in the UK, the sale of industrial safety products is seen to grow at an average rate. However, the 1974 Health and Safety Act could stimulate spending on worker protection. U K safety equipment expenditures have been rising in food, drink, tobacco, chemical, coal, petroleum and other industries, have been static in engineering and allied fields, and declining in mining and quarrying, metal manufacturing and building industries. A profile of the 1976 French industrial safety equipment market suggests total expenditures of about 660 million French francs, with safety footwear, protective clothing and hand protection being the major products. Future growth is expected in safety footwear, eye and ear protection, lung protection, masks and respirators. West Germany is the largest Western European market for safety products, with high safety and manufacturing standards, but a difficult one for importers because the country is a net exporter of safety equipment. Measuring and control devices is one market that presents above-average potential for industrial safety devices. Recent West German spending for worker protection products is estimated to be 438.5 million deutsche marks, with safety footwear, protective clothing and hand protection, as in other countries, being the lead markets. The Italian market is even more ill-defined than the others but probably offers greater growth potential because of a number of factors. Cheaper protective products are imported from West Germany, France and Hong Kong, accounting for perhaps 50% of this market. Total current expenditures are thought to be about 127 million lira, with the same product rankings. Sweden spends more per employee on industrial safety devices than any other European country, and given the limited work-force, must be viewed as close to the saturation point. Goggles and other eye protectors do present an import opportunity, as do environmental and anti-pollution equipment. Current purchasing of worker protection products is fixed at 120 million Swedish kroner. Customer Service, Frost 8- Sullivan Inc, 106 Fulton Street, New York, NY 10038, USA also Frost and Sullivan Ltd, 104-112 Marylebone Lane, London W1 M 5FU, U K Agricultural research service's projects for commercial application The Agricultural Research Service (ARS), the US Department of Agriculture's principal research facility, has long concentrated on post-harvest research. These projects, available to the public, but not in usable form, form the basis for much of the current technology in the food and chemical industries. Now, Frost 8Sullivan Inc has compiled this information into a study 'Agricultural R 8- D for Commercial Application. The report covers ARS discoveries and developments for new or improved products and processing technology for over 100 foods, animal feeds and forage, once they leave the farm or ranch. The study also assesses the agency's outlook on reducing related marketing costs, with concentration on processing, treatment, handling, storage, nutritional values and safety. ARS research provides vital knowledge and technology on six major agricultural sectors, centred on the discovery, testing and production of crops and 45
Monitoring of vacuum deposition process Accurate monitoring of vacuum deposition process is available with an,Edwards Film Thickness Monitor: the FTM2 with a clear meter, directly calibrated in film thickness and the FTM3 which makes use of integrated circuitry to give a bright digital display. Both instruments work on the quartz microbalance technique. The frequency of an oscillating quartz crystal, located in the coating chamber, changes in proportion to the mass of evaporant deposited on it. Film thickness and rate of deposition are calculated by comparison with a reference oscillator. The FTM2 has a sensitivity of 3 ,~, at unit density. Optional assessories include a Ratemeter to indicate deposition rate, and a Terminator which indicates when a preset film thickness has been achieved. Edwards AECS 70A, an automatic evaporation control system, can be used in conjunction with the FTM2, Ratemeter and Terminator, and is ideal for precision production purposes. The FTM3 has a sensitivity of 1 A at unit density and has an optional Termination Unit and Rate Display. Both film thickness monitors are suitable for metal and dielectric evaporated films. The only requirement for their use is for the coating unit to have a 1 in. dia leadthrough hole to accept the water-cooled crystal holder. Edwards High Vacuum, Manor Royal, Crawley, West Sussex RH10 2LW, UK E d w a r d s E D M 2 vacuum pump--dual frequency international v e r s i o n Edwards High Vacuum announce that their EDM2 direct drive, two-stage rotary high vacuum pump is now available, ex-stock with a dual frequency motor (220/240 V 50/60 Hz). This pump will be suitable for most international markets. The standard version (220/240 V 50 Hz) is also available. The EDM2 is a portable unit weighing only 16 kg, It has an integral isolation valve to prevent il suck-back, a gas ballast valve and both pressure and gravity oil-drain facilities. Displacement at 50 Hz is 2m 3 h -1 and at 60 Hz is 2.4m 3 h-1. Ultimate vacuum is better than 10 -3 mbar, without using premium vacuum oils. Edwards High Vacuum, Manor Royal, Crawley, West Sussex RH10 2LW, UK
European i n d u s t r i a l s a f e t y e q u i p m e n t reach $1 b i l l i o n b y 1 9 8 1 / 1 9 8 2
market
to
Total volume for the nascent European industrial safety equipment market, including monitoring devices, is forecast to be $1 billion in 1981-1982, concludes 'The European Market For Industrial Safety Equipment', Frost 8- Sullivan's initial study of the field. All projections are based on 1976 year-end exchange rates. The estimated 1978 spending for the five-country market, United Kingdom, France, West Germany, Italy and Sweden, at $852 million, with $728 million allocated for personal protection and $124 million for monitoring equipment. The study estimates an
average annual growth rate of 5% in the developed markets of the United Kingdom, West Germany and Sweden, and a rate of 8-10% in the emerging French and Italian markets. The current outlook anticipates a growth to $894 million in 1979, and $939 million in 1980, but also notes that a recovery in world trade could accelerate the use of industrial safety equipment in Europe. The study's examination of 1976 spending indicates that purchasing of safety footwear, protective clothing and hand protection represented about 82% of worker protection equipment. The United Kingdom is considered the most advanced of the five national markets and is expected to have a volume of close to $200 million in mid-1978. Because of its advanced state and economic cross-currents in the UK, the sale of industrial safety products is seen to grow at an average rate. However, the 1974 Health and Safety Act could stimulate spending on worker protection. U K safety equipment expenditures have been rising in food, drink, tobacco, chemical, coal, petroleum and other industries, have been static in engineering and allied fields, and declining in mining and quarrying, metal manufacturing and building industries. A profile of the 1976 French industrial safety equipment market suggests total expenditures of about 660 million French francs, with safety footwear, protective clothing and hand protection being the major products. Future growth is expected in safety footwear, eye and ear protection, lung protection, masks and respirators. West Germany is the largest Western European market for safety products, with high safety and manufacturing standards, but a difficult one for importers because the country is a net exporter of safety equipment. Measuring and control devices is one market that presents above-average potential for industrial safety devices. Recent West German spending for worker protection products is estimated to be 438.5 million deutsche marks, with safety footwear, protective clothing and hand protection, as in other countries, being the lead markets. The Italian market is even more ill-defined than the others but probably offers greater growth potential because of a number of factors. Cheaper protective products are imported from West Germany, France and Hong Kong, accounting for perhaps 50% of this market. Total current expenditures are thought to be about 127 million lira, with the same product rankings. Sweden spends more per employee on industrial safety devices than any other European country, and given the limited work-force, must be viewed as close to the saturation point. Goggles and other eye protectors do present an import opportunity, as do environmental and anti-pollution equipment. Current purchasing of worker protection products is fixed at 120 million Swedish kroner. Customer Service, Frost 8- Sullivan Inc, 106 Fulton Street, New York, NY 10038, USA also Frost and Sullivan Ltd, 104-112 Marylebone Lane, London W1 M 5FU, U K Agricultural research service's projects for commercial application The Agricultural Research Service (ARS), the US Department of Agriculture's principal research facility, has long concentrated on post-harvest research. These projects, available to the public, but not in usable form, form the basis for much of the current technology in the food and chemical industries. Now, Frost 8Sullivan Inc has compiled this information into a study 'Agricultural R 8- D for Commercial Application. The report covers ARS discoveries and developments for new or improved products and processing technology for over 100 foods, animal feeds and forage, once they leave the farm or ranch. The study also assesses the agency's outlook on reducing related marketing costs, with concentration on processing, treatment, handling, storage, nutritional values and safety. ARS research provides vital knowledge and technology on six major agricultural sectors, centred on the discovery, testing and production of crops and 45