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On the advantagenous use made of gaseous escape of the blast furnaces of Ystalyfera
On a S e l f - R e f f l s l e r i ~ f f T h e r m o m c l e r .
:351
On the Advantageous Use made of the Gaseous Escape qf the Blast Furnaces of Ystalyfera. B y MR. J. PALMEa Bt'DD.
This communication drew attention to an ecortomical application of the heated gases which are usually allowed to escape from the top of tile iron furnaces. It appears that the gases which are evolved from these furnaces, escape at a temperature which is ahout the melting point of brass. In the iron works at Ystalyfera, where the iron is smelted by" the use of anthracite coat, advantage has been taken of this i n a m o s t ingenious manner. By an arrangement, which is m its character exceedingly simple, but somewhat dilticult to describe without a model, (Mr. Budd's description was illustrated by a very nicely constrtmted one,) tim hol gas is led off into another channel, by means of a strong current, generated throtlgh a chamber and air-way, fl'om a point just below the top of the iron fllrnaee. It iseonducted, very little heat being lost in the passage, under the boiler of a steam engine; a,nd it is found to b e a t a sufficiently high temperature to heat the boiler, without tile consttmptiou of any tirol whatever. Hence an immense saving is effected. Ahhough only one furnace, and one boiler, has hitherto been adapted to this purpose, it is tbund to effect a saving of £:350 a year. We may consequently expect that, when the experiment is further extended, and more of the furnaces so arranged that this heat may be economized, and employed for the numerous usefld purposes to which it is applicable in a large establishment, the saving will amount to m a n y thousands annually. This communication is to be printed entire in the Transactions. Ibid.
On a Self-Registering Thermometer, with Twelve 3Ionths' Tracings of its 14~ork. B y M. H.~amSON.
T h e principle on which the instrument acts, is the difference in the expansion and contraction of two metals, from the effects of heat and cold, and acting by the direct pull of the contracting metal, when it is kept in a straight line. It is made sufficiently powerfifl to overcome any resistance which the fulcrums of the levers, or tile tracing pencil, m a y cause. I have selected east iron and hard-rolled copper as the best suited for the purpose. I find, from tables published by Smeaton and others, that copper expands -rl-~ of its length, while east iron only "expands ~ - , with a variation of 180 degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer, which leaves a difference of about the T~-~- of its length; and as the range of the thermometer in the shade, in this climat% is about 90 degrees, or half of 180, I have the ~ part of the length of the copper bar employed as a moving power. I fixed upon a bar ten feel long, as being a convenient length; the two metals will then vary nearly the one-and.twentieth part of an inch, between the hottest day in summer, and the coldest day in winter. This variation I multiply by m e a n s of a compound lever, so as to get a sufficient scale to divide. T h e end of the last lever carries a pencil, which traces upon a revolving cylinder the variations that take place. In order to divide the scale
:351
On the Advantageous Use made of the Gaseous Escape qf the Blast Furnaces of Ystalyfera. B y MR. J. PALMEa Bt'DD.
This communication drew attention to an ecortomical application of the heated gases which are usually allowed to escape from the top of tile iron furnaces. It appears that the gases which are evolved from these furnaces, escape at a temperature which is ahout the melting point of brass. In the iron works at Ystalyfera, where the iron is smelted by" the use of anthracite coat, advantage has been taken of this i n a m o s t ingenious manner. By an arrangement, which is m its character exceedingly simple, but somewhat dilticult to describe without a model, (Mr. Budd's description was illustrated by a very nicely constrtmted one,) tim hol gas is led off into another channel, by means of a strong current, generated throtlgh a chamber and air-way, fl'om a point just below the top of the iron fllrnaee. It iseonducted, very little heat being lost in the passage, under the boiler of a steam engine; a,nd it is found to b e a t a sufficiently high temperature to heat the boiler, without tile consttmptiou of any tirol whatever. Hence an immense saving is effected. Ahhough only one furnace, and one boiler, has hitherto been adapted to this purpose, it is tbund to effect a saving of £:350 a year. We may consequently expect that, when the experiment is further extended, and more of the furnaces so arranged that this heat may be economized, and employed for the numerous usefld purposes to which it is applicable in a large establishment, the saving will amount to m a n y thousands annually. This communication is to be printed entire in the Transactions. Ibid.
On a Self-Registering Thermometer, with Twelve 3Ionths' Tracings of its 14~ork. B y M. H.~amSON.
T h e principle on which the instrument acts, is the difference in the expansion and contraction of two metals, from the effects of heat and cold, and acting by the direct pull of the contracting metal, when it is kept in a straight line. It is made sufficiently powerfifl to overcome any resistance which the fulcrums of the levers, or tile tracing pencil, m a y cause. I have selected east iron and hard-rolled copper as the best suited for the purpose. I find, from tables published by Smeaton and others, that copper expands -rl-~ of its length, while east iron only "expands ~ - , with a variation of 180 degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer, which leaves a difference of about the T~-~- of its length; and as the range of the thermometer in the shade, in this climat% is about 90 degrees, or half of 180, I have the ~ part of the length of the copper bar employed as a moving power. I fixed upon a bar ten feel long, as being a convenient length; the two metals will then vary nearly the one-and.twentieth part of an inch, between the hottest day in summer, and the coldest day in winter. This variation I multiply by m e a n s of a compound lever, so as to get a sufficient scale to divide. T h e end of the last lever carries a pencil, which traces upon a revolving cylinder the variations that take place. In order to divide the scale