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On the craniology fo the early iron age of the Volga-Kam' region
728
ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS FROM THE U.S.S.R.
O n the C r a n i o l o g y of the Early Iron Age of the V o l g a - K a m ' region S. G. E p h i m o v a Series of skulls from burials of the a n a n ' i n s k a y a , p ' a n o b o r s k a y a a n d k a r a a b y z s k a y a cultures from the V o l g a - K a m ' region were studied. T h e increase of mongoloid features on skulls of the a n a n ' i n s k a y a culture (eighth to sixth cent. B.c.) did n o t influence significantly the f o r m i n g of the anthropological characteristics of his population.
I n t e r g r o u p V a r i a b i l i t y of the M i d s a g l t t a l Cranial Arch Yu. K. Chistov I n t e r g r o u p variability of midsagittal contours in seven craniological series (Russian, Ossetic, Buryat, K a z a k h , Eskimo, Negro, P a p u a n ) is considered. Analysis of variance (F), index of influence force (52) a n d Mollison g r a p h s were used to estimate the i n t e r g r o u p variability of the contours. T h e largest differences between t h e studied series of skulls were f o u n d in the occipital a n d partly in the frontal regions of the contour. C o n t o u r s of the negroid series differ greatly from the s u m m a r i z e d contours of the Buryats a n d the K a z a k h s . T h e lines of t h e m e a n contours of the europoid series a n d the Eskimo series o c c u p y the interm e d i a t e position.
D e t e r m i n a t i o n of C o n s t i t u t i o n a l T y p e s in S t u d e n t s A. A. Malinovsky, D. S. Bil'ova, N. L. Delone & V. S. Strizkov Constitutional types in students were d e t e r m i n e d on the basis of the most stable indices of the bone system. T h e asteno-cerebral, middle, athleto-pyknic a n d athletoid types p r e d o m i n a t e d in females, the athletoid a n d asteno-cerebral types in males. T h e m e a n h e i g h t was 175 cm in males a n d 162 c m in females. Supercilia a n d a large inclination of the forehead were more p r e d o m i n a n t in athletoids. Progress in m a t h e m a t i c s , physics a n d biology was c o m p a r e d in the studied groups. Athletoids h a d s o m e w h a t lower m a r k s c o m p a r e d with t h e students of t h e cerebral constitutional type. P r o b a b l e socio-psychological reasons for these differences are discussed.
S o m e Age P e c u l i a r i t i e s of the B o d y M o r p h o l o g y in M a l e P o p u l a t i o n of D a g h e s t a n A. A. M h y t a r i a n Variability with age of b o d y dimensions a n d fat in males of D a g h e s t a n was analysed in a n age interval of 25-55 (n = 1800). Stability in dimensions a n d proportions of the skeleton a n d a relatively small increase in t h e a m o u n t of fat h a v e been shown. Significant increases of body weight (5-6 kg) a n d of the t r u n k circumference (7 9 cm) were m a r k e d d u r i n g five years from 1971 up to 1976. It seems that the influence of e n v i r o n m e n t a l factors on the variability of the muscle a n d fat c o m p o n e n t s is significantly greater t h a n the influence of t h e age factor.
Study of MorphologicaI P e c u l i a r i t i e s of Foot D e v e l o p m e n t in Children in order to Create R a t i o n a l Shoes V. M. K r a n s , G. N. K r a m a r e n k o & N. A. Kolessnikova T h e feet of schoolboys a n d schoolgirls c h a n g e with age. Foot g r o w t h in schoolgirls is c o m p l e t e d two years earlier t h a n in schoolboys, i.e. at the age of fifteen. L o n g i t u d i n a l a n d transverse platypodia has been s h o w n to be present in children. T h e f r e q u e n c y of static deformations in children is significant, early stages of deformations prevail. T h e d a t a m u s t be t a k e n into account w h e n solving questions of a n t h r o pological standardization.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS FROM THE U.S.S.R.
O n the C r a n i o l o g y of the Early Iron Age of the V o l g a - K a m ' region S. G. E p h i m o v a Series of skulls from burials of the a n a n ' i n s k a y a , p ' a n o b o r s k a y a a n d k a r a a b y z s k a y a cultures from the V o l g a - K a m ' region were studied. T h e increase of mongoloid features on skulls of the a n a n ' i n s k a y a culture (eighth to sixth cent. B.c.) did n o t influence significantly the f o r m i n g of the anthropological characteristics of his population.
I n t e r g r o u p V a r i a b i l i t y of the M i d s a g l t t a l Cranial Arch Yu. K. Chistov I n t e r g r o u p variability of midsagittal contours in seven craniological series (Russian, Ossetic, Buryat, K a z a k h , Eskimo, Negro, P a p u a n ) is considered. Analysis of variance (F), index of influence force (52) a n d Mollison g r a p h s were used to estimate the i n t e r g r o u p variability of the contours. T h e largest differences between t h e studied series of skulls were f o u n d in the occipital a n d partly in the frontal regions of the contour. C o n t o u r s of the negroid series differ greatly from the s u m m a r i z e d contours of the Buryats a n d the K a z a k h s . T h e lines of t h e m e a n contours of the europoid series a n d the Eskimo series o c c u p y the interm e d i a t e position.
D e t e r m i n a t i o n of C o n s t i t u t i o n a l T y p e s in S t u d e n t s A. A. Malinovsky, D. S. Bil'ova, N. L. Delone & V. S. Strizkov Constitutional types in students were d e t e r m i n e d on the basis of the most stable indices of the bone system. T h e asteno-cerebral, middle, athleto-pyknic a n d athletoid types p r e d o m i n a t e d in females, the athletoid a n d asteno-cerebral types in males. T h e m e a n h e i g h t was 175 cm in males a n d 162 c m in females. Supercilia a n d a large inclination of the forehead were more p r e d o m i n a n t in athletoids. Progress in m a t h e m a t i c s , physics a n d biology was c o m p a r e d in the studied groups. Athletoids h a d s o m e w h a t lower m a r k s c o m p a r e d with t h e students of t h e cerebral constitutional type. P r o b a b l e socio-psychological reasons for these differences are discussed.
S o m e Age P e c u l i a r i t i e s of the B o d y M o r p h o l o g y in M a l e P o p u l a t i o n of D a g h e s t a n A. A. M h y t a r i a n Variability with age of b o d y dimensions a n d fat in males of D a g h e s t a n was analysed in a n age interval of 25-55 (n = 1800). Stability in dimensions a n d proportions of the skeleton a n d a relatively small increase in t h e a m o u n t of fat h a v e been shown. Significant increases of body weight (5-6 kg) a n d of the t r u n k circumference (7 9 cm) were m a r k e d d u r i n g five years from 1971 up to 1976. It seems that the influence of e n v i r o n m e n t a l factors on the variability of the muscle a n d fat c o m p o n e n t s is significantly greater t h a n the influence of t h e age factor.
Study of MorphologicaI P e c u l i a r i t i e s of Foot D e v e l o p m e n t in Children in order to Create R a t i o n a l Shoes V. M. K r a n s , G. N. K r a m a r e n k o & N. A. Kolessnikova T h e feet of schoolboys a n d schoolgirls c h a n g e with age. Foot g r o w t h in schoolgirls is c o m p l e t e d two years earlier t h a n in schoolboys, i.e. at the age of fifteen. L o n g i t u d i n a l a n d transverse platypodia has been s h o w n to be present in children. T h e f r e q u e n c y of static deformations in children is significant, early stages of deformations prevail. T h e d a t a m u s t be t a k e n into account w h e n solving questions of a n t h r o pological standardization.