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Poids des apparences et discriminations sociales
RÉSUMÉS DES COMMUNICATIONS
CONFÉRENCE 2
CONFÉRENCE 3
Avoidance of Affect: A Cognitive-Behavioural Approach
Poids des apparences et discriminations sociales
G. BUTLER
J.-F. AMADIEU
Docteur en psychologie, Department of Psychology, Warnfard Hospital, Headington, Oxford, Angleterre.
Professeur de Sociologie, CERGORS, Paris.
This lecture will focus on ways of recognising, understanding and overcoming the difficulties that arise when people habitually avoid affect. It will be illustrated using clinical examples taken from the practice of cognitive-behaviour therapy with people presenting with long-standing and more complex problems. Despite some initial reticence or embarrassment, most people who seek therapy are able to describe their difficulties and to talk about their problems, especially when an accepting therapist facilitates the process of disclosure. However, those who avoid affect often find this difficult, and this interferes with their lives and with their ability to take advantage of therapy. In broad terms, the cognitive-behavioural approach suggests that people develop a habit of distancing themselves from their feelings for their own good reasons. To them feelings are experienced as risky, threatening or dangerous, so they try to protect themselves. They may avoid experiencing, expressing or provoking their own feelings, and/or avoid the experience and the expression of feelings in others. Both the causes and the consequences of avoidance of affect will be considered before focusing in more detail on strategies for resolving the problem. Common hypotheses about aetiology suggest that people learned to avoid affect because doing so was useful at an earlier stage of development. Consequences include an impoverished emotional experience which makes it hard to know what you want and hard to meet your own needs (for affiliation, comfort, protection, companionship, caring and so on). It interferes with the development of a stable sense of identity, and affects relationships of all kinds. The hypothesis that underlying beliefs and assumptions about feelings play a crucial part in maintaining the problem, is clinically helpful. The general cognitive-behavioural approach provides a rich source of strategies, including some which are based on the style of cognitive therapy, such as making good use of feedback, of the therapy relationship, and of tape-recordings of therapy sessions. However, the first step involves opening up the world of feelings. Once this has been achieved a combination of cognitive and behavioural can be used to great advantage.
7
L’apparence physique a un effet considérable sur les destinées sociales. La réussite scolaire est largement influencée par l’apparence tout comme l’est la vie professionnelle. L’accès à l’emploi donne lieu à des discriminations liées au visage, au poids ou encore à la taille des individus. Les niveaux de salaire et les déroulements de carrière dépendent également de l’apparence. La conférence présentera les données scientifiques disponibles et les recherches en cours.
CONFÉRENCE 2
CONFÉRENCE 3
Avoidance of Affect: A Cognitive-Behavioural Approach
Poids des apparences et discriminations sociales
G. BUTLER
J.-F. AMADIEU
Docteur en psychologie, Department of Psychology, Warnfard Hospital, Headington, Oxford, Angleterre.
Professeur de Sociologie, CERGORS, Paris.
This lecture will focus on ways of recognising, understanding and overcoming the difficulties that arise when people habitually avoid affect. It will be illustrated using clinical examples taken from the practice of cognitive-behaviour therapy with people presenting with long-standing and more complex problems. Despite some initial reticence or embarrassment, most people who seek therapy are able to describe their difficulties and to talk about their problems, especially when an accepting therapist facilitates the process of disclosure. However, those who avoid affect often find this difficult, and this interferes with their lives and with their ability to take advantage of therapy. In broad terms, the cognitive-behavioural approach suggests that people develop a habit of distancing themselves from their feelings for their own good reasons. To them feelings are experienced as risky, threatening or dangerous, so they try to protect themselves. They may avoid experiencing, expressing or provoking their own feelings, and/or avoid the experience and the expression of feelings in others. Both the causes and the consequences of avoidance of affect will be considered before focusing in more detail on strategies for resolving the problem. Common hypotheses about aetiology suggest that people learned to avoid affect because doing so was useful at an earlier stage of development. Consequences include an impoverished emotional experience which makes it hard to know what you want and hard to meet your own needs (for affiliation, comfort, protection, companionship, caring and so on). It interferes with the development of a stable sense of identity, and affects relationships of all kinds. The hypothesis that underlying beliefs and assumptions about feelings play a crucial part in maintaining the problem, is clinically helpful. The general cognitive-behavioural approach provides a rich source of strategies, including some which are based on the style of cognitive therapy, such as making good use of feedback, of the therapy relationship, and of tape-recordings of therapy sessions. However, the first step involves opening up the world of feelings. Once this has been achieved a combination of cognitive and behavioural can be used to great advantage.
7
L’apparence physique a un effet considérable sur les destinées sociales. La réussite scolaire est largement influencée par l’apparence tout comme l’est la vie professionnelle. L’accès à l’emploi donne lieu à des discriminations liées au visage, au poids ou encore à la taille des individus. Les niveaux de salaire et les déroulements de carrière dépendent également de l’apparence. La conférence présentera les données scientifiques disponibles et les recherches en cours.