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Potassium supplement ameliorate salt Induced hemostatic abnormalities in normotensive subjects
Abstracts
Methods: 27 subjects (BP≤160/100 mm Hg; age range: 25–50 years) from a rural community of Northern China were enrolled in this study. The baseline BP of volunteers was monitored for three days, followed by a lowsalt diet for 7 days (3 g/day, NaCl) and a high-salt diet for 7 days (18 g/day, NaCl). Those who exhibited a BP increase by 10% from low-salt period to high-salt period were diagnosed as salt sensitive subjects. The concentration of plasma VEGF-C was measured by an immunoenzyme method (ELISA). Result: High salt intake significantly increased the plasmatic VEGF-C level. It was higher in the salt sensitive subjects (3642.2± 406.1 pg/mL) than in the salt resistant subjects (2249.8±214.6 pg/mL). The comparison of VEGF-C levels between the two groups had significant statistical difference (Pb 0.01). Conclusion: The VEGF-C level increases significantly in the salt-sensitive subjects after high salt intake. VEGF-C could be used as a biomarker of salt sensitivity. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.08.800 0116 Potassium supplement on renal medullary hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl-hydroxylase2/HIF-1α pathway in Dahl salt-sensitive rats QIUFANG LIAN, JIANJUN MU, KEYU REN, SHUHUI ZHENG, FUQIANG LIU, HAIXIA XU, YU CAO, XIANLI WANG Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710061, Shanxi, China Objectives: Prolyl-hydroxylase (PHD) 2 is the mediator for the adaptive activation of renal medullary HIF-1α and its target genes in response to high-salt. However, it was demonstrated that there was a defect in this salt adaptive pathway in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. High blood pressure is not only related with sodium, but also with potassium. This study aims to investigate whether or not dietary potassium supplementation can serve as a therapeutic approach for the management of saltsensitive hypertension by modulating this pathway. Methods: Eighteen male DS rats (7 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups to receive normal salt (0.3% NaCl), high salt (8% NaCl), high salt with potassium (8% KCl) and 18 SS13BN rats were randomly received normal salt, high salt and high salt with potassium. Four weeks later, serum samples and renal tissue were collected. Results: In DS rats, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) was higher significantly in high salt group than that in normal salt group (Pb 0.05); when dietary potassium was supplemented, SBP was reduced obviously (Pb 0.05). In DS rats, after salt loading, the relative mRNA level of PHD2 was higher and HIF-1α was lower in the renal medulla compared with those in SS13BN rats (Pb 0.05); these were reversed in part in HS with potassium group (Pb 0.05). In DS rats, the protein expression of HIF-1α was reduced and PHD2 was increased compared with those in SS13BN rats (Pb 0.05); the above indicators were reversed in part in HS with potassium group (Pb 0.05). Conclusion: Our study indicates that high dietary potassium intake reduced renal medulla PHD2 levels while increasing HIF-1α in Dahl salt-sensitive rats after salt loading. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.08.801 0117 Potassium supplement ameliorate salt Induced hemostatic abnormalities in normotensive subjects DAN WANG, JIANJUN MU, YU CAO, XIANLI WANG, FUQIANG LIU Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710061, Shanxi, China Objectives: Dietary high salt or low potassium was always associated with an increased incidence of death or cardiovascular
S101
complication, but the mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesize that hemostatic abnormalities may play an important role in the phenomenon. Methods: 20 normotensive subjects (aged 25 to 50 years) were selected from a rural community of Northern China. All of the people were sequentially maintained on 3 days baseline investigate, a low-salt diet for 7 days (3 g/day, NaCl), 7 days on a lowsalt diet (51.3 mmol or 3 g of NaCl per day), 7 days on a high-salt diet (307.7 mmol or 18 g of NaCl per day) and high-salt diet with potassium supplementation for another 7 days (4.5 g/day, KCl). The concentration of fibrinogen, D-dimer, Von Willebrand factor in plasma were assessed, which represent the systemic hemostatic state. Results: Plasma levels of fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer and vWF were significantly higher in high salt intake than that in low salt diet (P b 0.05). In contrast, potassium supplement could convert the sodium dependant hemostatic abnormalities to normal (P b 0.05). Conclusion: Dietary high salt could stimulate hemostatic factor production, which maybe ultimately lead to cardiovascular events. Inversely, potassium supplement ameliorated the sodium-induced hemostatic abnormalities. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.08.802 0150 Augmented response of nighttime and morning blood pressure by high sodium diet MOOYONG RHEEa, SUNGJOON SHINb, SANGWOO OHc, YONGSOON PARKd, JONGWOOK KIMe, KWANGIL KWONe, HYEKYOUNG PARKe, CHOIL KIMf a Cardiovascular Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea b Division of Nephrology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea c Department of Family Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea d Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea e Nutrition Policy Division, Food Safety Bureau, KFDA, Osong, Republic of Korea f Center for Nutrition Policy & Promotion, KHIDI, Osong, Republic of Korea Objective: High sodium diet has been known to elevate blood pressure (BP). Several studies reported influence of dietary salt on nocturnal dipping in hypertensive subjects with sodium sensitivity (SS). We evaluated the effect of dietary sodium on daytime, nighttime and morning blood pressure. Methods: One hundred and one subjects (46 ± 17 years, 51 men) with (58 ± 10 years, 18 men) or without hypertension (41 ± 16 years, 33 men) were given low sodium-DASH diet (LSD, 100 mmol NaCl) for 7 days and high sodium-DASH diet (HSD, 300 mmol NaCl) for the following 7 days. During the last day of each diet, 24 h ambulatory BP was measured. Results: Twenty eight subjects (54 ± 13 years, 11 men) were classified as SS, defined as a significant change of averaged mean arterial BP (MAP) by t-test (P b 0.05, 4 mm Hg). HSD induced elevation of 24 h averaged systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP) and MAP. (1) The degree of morning SBP, DBP and MAP elevation was larger than that of daytime SBP, DBP and MAP elevation (P b 0.01). (2) In the hypertensive subjects, the degree of nighttime and morning DBP and MAP elevation was higher than that of daytime BP elevation (P b 0.05). (3) In sodium resistant subjects (43 ± 17 years, 40 men), HSD induced the elevation of morning BP. However, daytime and nighttime BP was decreased. The difference of degree of BP changes were significant (P b 0.05), and it was independent to the presence of hypertension. (4) Subjects with SS showed consistent elevation of daytime, nighttime and morning BP after HSD, and the degree of BP elevations were not different. Conclusion: The influence of dietary sodium intake was more exaggerated during nighttime and morning period, independent to the
Methods: 27 subjects (BP≤160/100 mm Hg; age range: 25–50 years) from a rural community of Northern China were enrolled in this study. The baseline BP of volunteers was monitored for three days, followed by a lowsalt diet for 7 days (3 g/day, NaCl) and a high-salt diet for 7 days (18 g/day, NaCl). Those who exhibited a BP increase by 10% from low-salt period to high-salt period were diagnosed as salt sensitive subjects. The concentration of plasma VEGF-C was measured by an immunoenzyme method (ELISA). Result: High salt intake significantly increased the plasmatic VEGF-C level. It was higher in the salt sensitive subjects (3642.2± 406.1 pg/mL) than in the salt resistant subjects (2249.8±214.6 pg/mL). The comparison of VEGF-C levels between the two groups had significant statistical difference (Pb 0.01). Conclusion: The VEGF-C level increases significantly in the salt-sensitive subjects after high salt intake. VEGF-C could be used as a biomarker of salt sensitivity. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.08.800 0116 Potassium supplement on renal medullary hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl-hydroxylase2/HIF-1α pathway in Dahl salt-sensitive rats QIUFANG LIAN, JIANJUN MU, KEYU REN, SHUHUI ZHENG, FUQIANG LIU, HAIXIA XU, YU CAO, XIANLI WANG Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710061, Shanxi, China Objectives: Prolyl-hydroxylase (PHD) 2 is the mediator for the adaptive activation of renal medullary HIF-1α and its target genes in response to high-salt. However, it was demonstrated that there was a defect in this salt adaptive pathway in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. High blood pressure is not only related with sodium, but also with potassium. This study aims to investigate whether or not dietary potassium supplementation can serve as a therapeutic approach for the management of saltsensitive hypertension by modulating this pathway. Methods: Eighteen male DS rats (7 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups to receive normal salt (0.3% NaCl), high salt (8% NaCl), high salt with potassium (8% KCl) and 18 SS13BN rats were randomly received normal salt, high salt and high salt with potassium. Four weeks later, serum samples and renal tissue were collected. Results: In DS rats, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) was higher significantly in high salt group than that in normal salt group (Pb 0.05); when dietary potassium was supplemented, SBP was reduced obviously (Pb 0.05). In DS rats, after salt loading, the relative mRNA level of PHD2 was higher and HIF-1α was lower in the renal medulla compared with those in SS13BN rats (Pb 0.05); these were reversed in part in HS with potassium group (Pb 0.05). In DS rats, the protein expression of HIF-1α was reduced and PHD2 was increased compared with those in SS13BN rats (Pb 0.05); the above indicators were reversed in part in HS with potassium group (Pb 0.05). Conclusion: Our study indicates that high dietary potassium intake reduced renal medulla PHD2 levels while increasing HIF-1α in Dahl salt-sensitive rats after salt loading. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.08.801 0117 Potassium supplement ameliorate salt Induced hemostatic abnormalities in normotensive subjects DAN WANG, JIANJUN MU, YU CAO, XIANLI WANG, FUQIANG LIU Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710061, Shanxi, China Objectives: Dietary high salt or low potassium was always associated with an increased incidence of death or cardiovascular
S101
complication, but the mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesize that hemostatic abnormalities may play an important role in the phenomenon. Methods: 20 normotensive subjects (aged 25 to 50 years) were selected from a rural community of Northern China. All of the people were sequentially maintained on 3 days baseline investigate, a low-salt diet for 7 days (3 g/day, NaCl), 7 days on a lowsalt diet (51.3 mmol or 3 g of NaCl per day), 7 days on a high-salt diet (307.7 mmol or 18 g of NaCl per day) and high-salt diet with potassium supplementation for another 7 days (4.5 g/day, KCl). The concentration of fibrinogen, D-dimer, Von Willebrand factor in plasma were assessed, which represent the systemic hemostatic state. Results: Plasma levels of fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer and vWF were significantly higher in high salt intake than that in low salt diet (P b 0.05). In contrast, potassium supplement could convert the sodium dependant hemostatic abnormalities to normal (P b 0.05). Conclusion: Dietary high salt could stimulate hemostatic factor production, which maybe ultimately lead to cardiovascular events. Inversely, potassium supplement ameliorated the sodium-induced hemostatic abnormalities. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.08.802 0150 Augmented response of nighttime and morning blood pressure by high sodium diet MOOYONG RHEEa, SUNGJOON SHINb, SANGWOO OHc, YONGSOON PARKd, JONGWOOK KIMe, KWANGIL KWONe, HYEKYOUNG PARKe, CHOIL KIMf a Cardiovascular Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea b Division of Nephrology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea c Department of Family Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea d Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea e Nutrition Policy Division, Food Safety Bureau, KFDA, Osong, Republic of Korea f Center for Nutrition Policy & Promotion, KHIDI, Osong, Republic of Korea Objective: High sodium diet has been known to elevate blood pressure (BP). Several studies reported influence of dietary salt on nocturnal dipping in hypertensive subjects with sodium sensitivity (SS). We evaluated the effect of dietary sodium on daytime, nighttime and morning blood pressure. Methods: One hundred and one subjects (46 ± 17 years, 51 men) with (58 ± 10 years, 18 men) or without hypertension (41 ± 16 years, 33 men) were given low sodium-DASH diet (LSD, 100 mmol NaCl) for 7 days and high sodium-DASH diet (HSD, 300 mmol NaCl) for the following 7 days. During the last day of each diet, 24 h ambulatory BP was measured. Results: Twenty eight subjects (54 ± 13 years, 11 men) were classified as SS, defined as a significant change of averaged mean arterial BP (MAP) by t-test (P b 0.05, 4 mm Hg). HSD induced elevation of 24 h averaged systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP) and MAP. (1) The degree of morning SBP, DBP and MAP elevation was larger than that of daytime SBP, DBP and MAP elevation (P b 0.01). (2) In the hypertensive subjects, the degree of nighttime and morning DBP and MAP elevation was higher than that of daytime BP elevation (P b 0.05). (3) In sodium resistant subjects (43 ± 17 years, 40 men), HSD induced the elevation of morning BP. However, daytime and nighttime BP was decreased. The difference of degree of BP changes were significant (P b 0.05), and it was independent to the presence of hypertension. (4) Subjects with SS showed consistent elevation of daytime, nighttime and morning BP after HSD, and the degree of BP elevations were not different. Conclusion: The influence of dietary sodium intake was more exaggerated during nighttime and morning period, independent to the