- Email: [email protected]
September 2013 New in Review
FROM THE ACADEMY
New in Review
PERIODICALS BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY Consumer attitudes and understanding of low-sodium claims on food: An analysis of healthy and hypertensive individuals. Wong CL, Arcand J, Mendoza J, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6):1288-1298. Abstract. Consumers should be able to use nutrition labeling with health claims to aid in making food product choices. This series of online attitude research surveys used a randomized subsample (n¼987 adults with and without hypertension) of the Advanced Foods and Materials Network Canadian Consumer Monitor Panel (n¼>30,000) to assess how consumers respond to four sodium label claims. Respondents were presented in random order one of four mock food packaging label claims for soup: control (tastes great), disease risk reduction (healthy diet containing foods high in potassium and low in sodium may reduce risk of high blood pressure), function claim (low sodium intake helps maintain healthy blood pressure), and an existing nutrition claim (low in sodium). Survey was administered during September and October 2011. A five-point Likert scale (negative-positive) was used to collect data. Both complete and incomplete surveys were used in the analysis by leastsquares means multiple-comparisons. A repeated-measures analysis used label type and hypertension status as fixed effects. Complete data were available for 506 adults, of which 29% self-reported hypertension. The disease risk reduction claim was selected as the most healthful and the taste control as the least healthful. Respondents with hypertension reported claims more helpful and influential than normotensives. Regular consumers of soup had higher intention to purchase responses. The function claim was noted by 20% of participants to be too general and not connected to the soup product. Funding was provided by the National Centres of Excellence, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and Canadian Stroke Network Operating Grant, and a cohort of research fellowships.
Nutritional quality at eight U.S. fastfood chains: 14-year trends. Hearst MO, Harnack LJ, Bauer KW, Earnest AA, French SA, Oakes JM. Am J Prev Med. 2013;44(6):589-594. ª 2013 by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
Labeling regulations and calories purchased at chain restaurants. Krieger JW, Chan NL, Saelens BE, Ta ML, Solet D, Fleming DW. Am J Prev Med. 2013;44(6):595-604. Nutritional quality of menu offerings at eight fast-food restaurants in the US: A commentary. Wootan MG. (Commentary). Am J Prev Med. 2013;44(6):690-691. Front-of-pack nutrition labeling: Are multiple formats a problem for consumers? Draper AK, Adamson AJ, Glegg S, Malam S, Rigg M, Duncan S. Eur J Public Health. 2013;23(3):517521. Determinants of food label use among supermarket shoppers: A Singaporean perspective. Vijaykumar S, Lwin MO, Chao J, Au C. J Nutr Edu Behav. 2013;45(3):204-212.
CLINICAL NUTRITION Urinary magnesium excretion as a marker of heart risk. Larsson SC. (Editorial). Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6):1159-1160. Urinary and plasma magnesium and risk of ischemic heart disease. Joosten MM, Gansevoort RT, Mukamal KJ, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6):1299-1306. Barriers and facilitators to undertaking nutrition screening of patients: A systematic review.
Green SM, James EP. (Review). J Hum Nutr Diet. 2013;26(3):211-221. Acute consumption of walnuts and walnut components differentially affect postprandial lipemia, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and cholesterol efflux in humans with mild hypercholesterolemia. Berryman CE, Grieger JA, West SG, et al. J Nutr. 2013;143(6):781-787. Abstract. Nutrition research on the consumption of nuts has suggested a potential cardiovascular risk reduction effect, and the American Heart Association has recommended 4 servings/wk of nuts, legumes, and seeds. This randomized, controlled, postprandial, four-period crossover study (1-week washout) evaluated the effect of a 1-week daily consumption of one of four types of walnuts (85 g whole, 51 g oil, 34 g defatted nutmeat, or 5.5 g ground skin) on selected fasting serum components in 15 healthy overweight adults (9 women, 6 men, ages 21 to 60 years, mean weight 85 kg, mean body mass index 29). The serum variables collected included total cholesterol, triglycerides, total thiols, ferric reducing antioxidant potentials, plasma malondialdehyde, endothelial function, augmentation index, and cholesterol efflux. Dietetics practitioners provided ongoing counseling to follow a low-antioxidant diet 3 days prior to each screening and each test visit. Results were compared by a mixed linear regression model to account for repeated measures and adjusting with a compound symmetry effect. Results showed only adverse effect was diarrhea/ loose stools by nine participants in walnut oil phase. The major finding was improvement in endothelial function more rapidly by walnut oil compared to whole and skin. Whole walnuts increased cholesterol efflux. Arterial stiffness was not changed in this
IN THIS ISSUE PERIODICALS .............................................................................................page 1255 SITES IN REVIEW ......................................................................................page 1262 New in Review Editor: Judith Beto, PhD, RD, FADA Sites in Review Editor: Donna Hollinger, MS, RD, LD Order Abstracted Articles at a Discount Did you know you can order the articles listed in New in Review through the Academy? You can for a nominal charge of $10. Simply e-mail a citation from New in Review (eg, Stensland SH, Sobal J. Dietary practices of ballet, jazz, and modern dancers. J Am Diet Assoc. 1992;92(3):319-324) to [email protected]. You will then be sent a link to pay for your article using a credit card. Articles are sent via e-mail and generally arrive within 3 business days.
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FROM THE ACADEMY study. Nutmeats appeared to have the least effect. Funding was provided by the California Walnut Commission to the National Institutes of Healthefunded Clinical Research Center at Pennsylvania State University, but it was stated the Commission had no role in the study.
COMMUNICATION/PUBLICATION Creativity in advertising: When it works and when it doesn’t. Reinartz W, Saffert P. Harv Bus Rev. 2013; 91(6):107-112. How to give a killer presentation. Anderson C. Harv Bus Rev. 2013;91(6):121-125. Effective writing and publishing scientific papers, part II: Title and abstract. Cals JW, Kotz D. (Writing Tip Series). J Clin Epidemiol. 2013;66(6):585. Optimizing lifestyles for men regarded as ‘hard-to-reach’ through top-flight football/soccer clubs. Zwolinsky S, McKenna J, Pringle A, Daly-Smith A, Robertson S, White A. Health Edu Res. 2013; 28(3):405-413. Effect of a web-based stroke education program on recurrence prevention behaviors among stroke patients: A pilot study. Kim JI, Lee S, Kim JH. Health Educ Res. 2013; 28(3):488-501.
COMMUNITY NUTRITION Nutritional composition of commonly consumed composite dishes from rural villages in Empangeni, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Spearing K, Kolahdooz F, Lukasewich M, Mathe N, Khamis T, Sharma S. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2013;26(3):222-229. Providing care for immigrant, migrant, and border children. Council on Community Pediatrics. (Consensus Report). Pediatrics. 2013;131(6):e2028-e2034. Providing care for children and adolescents facing homelessness and housing insecurity. Council on Community Pediatrics. (Consensus Report). Pediatrics. 2013;131(6):1206-1210.
CONSULTATION AND PRIVATE PRACTICE How to profit from lean advertising. Teixeira T. Harv Bus Rev. 2013;91(6):23-25. September 2013 Volume 113 Number 9
The new dynamics of competition: An emerging science for modeling strategic moves. Ryall MD. Harv Bus Rev. 2013;91(6):80-87. The effects of physical activity and physical activity plus diet interventions on body weight in overweight or obese women who are pregnant or in postpartum: A systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Choi JW, Fukuoka Y, Lee JH. (Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis). Prev Med. 2013;56(6): 351-364.
CULINARY Similarities and differences among fluid milk products: Traditionally produced, extended shelf life and ultrahightemperature processed. Grabowski NT, Ahlfeld B, Brix A, Hagemann A, von Munchhausen C, Klein K. Food Sci Technol Int. 2013;19(3):235-242. Physico-chemical and functional properties of spray-dried sourdough in breadmaking. Tafti AG, Peighambardoust SH, Hesari J, Bahrami A, Bonab ES. Food Sci Technol Int. 2013; 19(3):271-278. Inorganic nitrate and beetroot juice supplementation reduces blood pressure in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Siervo M, Lara J, Ogbonmwan I, Mathers JC. (Systematic Review, Meta-analysis). J Nutr. 2013;143(6):818-826. Wheat rolls fortified with microencapsulated L-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid or equimolar folic acid increase blood folate concentration to a similar extent in healthy men and women. Green TJ, Liu Y, Dadgar S, Li W, Bohni R, Kitts DD. J Nutr. 2013;143(6):867-871.
DIABETES CARE Food insecurity in relation to changes in hemoglobin A1c, self-efficacy, and fruit/vegetable intake during a diabetes educational intervention. Lyles CR, Wolf MS, Schillinger D, et al. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(6):1448-1453. Abstract. Diabetes as a chronic disease requires ongoing attention to selection and purchase of food items, but little research has been conducted on the impact of the potential inability to
obtain these necessary foods. This is a secondary observational analysis of the 2008-2009 Missouri Health Literacy and Diabetes Communication Initiative, a lowincome, randomized, primary care clinicebased, patient-centered diabetes self-management program focused on behavioral change and health literacy. The purpose was to compare food-secure with food insecure trial participants for differences in diabetes control using hemoglobin A1c, self-reported adherence to diabetes regimen, and fruit/vegetable intake between baseline and follow-up phases. A baseline assessment of food insecurity for the prior 12 months was completed on a validated six-item scale. Self-reported selfefficacy was reported intermittently through the trial using an eight-item validated scale. Fruit and vegetable consumption was measured throughout the trial using the self-reported Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey. Data analysis included c2, two-sided t-tests, and a series of linear regression models. Results were available for 665 individuals (63% women, 66% white, 57% annual income <$15,000/ year, mean age 54.8 years) with 219 meeting food insecurity criteria at baseline. Food insecurity was more prevalent in younger patients who had lower income and were unemployed. This group also had higher hemoglobin A1c at baseline and showed greatest improvement in selfefficacy during the study compared to the food-secure group. Food-insecure participants increased fruit intake from 0.8 to 1.0 servings/day compared to no difference in vegetable intake from 1.8 servings/day. Funding for this analysis was provided by the Missouri Foundation for Health.
The relationship between changes in steps/day and health outcomes after a pedometer-based physical activity intervention with telephone support in type 2 diabetes patients. Van Dyck D, De Greef K, Deforche B, et al. Health Educ Res. 2013;28(3):539-545.
EDUCATION Process evaluation of Healthy Bodies, Healthy Souls: A church-based health intervention program in Baltimore City. Wag HE, Lee M, Hart A, et al. Health Educ Res. 2013;28(3):392-404. Evaluation of a theory-driven e-learning intervention for future oral healthcare providers on secondary prevention of disordered eating behaviors. DeBate RD, Severson HH, Cagun J, et al. Health Educ Res. 2013;28(3):472-487.
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FROM THE ACADEMY Eating competence of college students in an introductory nutrition course. Brown LB, Larsen KJ, Nyland NK, Eggett DL. J Nutr Edu Behav. 2013;45(3):269-273.
GERONTOLOGY A randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of a model of restorative home care on physical function and social support among older people. Parsons JG, Sheridan N, Rouse P, Robinson E, Connolly M. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 2013; 94(3):1015-1022. Do older adults aged 60-75 years benefit from diabetes behavioral intervention? Beverly EA, Fitzgerald S, Sitnikov L, Ganda OP, Cabaliero AE, Weinger K. Diabetes Care. 2013; 36(6):1501-1506. Associations between vitamin D and self-reported respiratory disease in older people from a nationally representative population survey. Hirani V. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013;61(6):969-973. Abstract. The role of vitamin D and its association with many health conditions continues to be investigated. This epidemiological cross sectional analysis of the 2005
Health Survey of England (n¼3,145 British adults 65 years) focused on the relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels, basic demographic and lifestyle variables, and self-reported long-term respiratory diseases in a nationally representative multistage stratified probability randomized sampling design. Data were collected at two visits by trained researchers. A logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratios; 25(OH)D levels were analyzed by Diasorin Kit and divided into quartiles (Q) for multivariate analysis. Complete data for analysis were available for 2,070 adults (54% men, mean age 74.5). The presence of respiratory disease (60% bronchitis or COPD, 40% other) by highest to lowest Q was 8.9% (75 nmol/L, Q1), 30.8% (50 to 74.9 nmol/L Q2), 45.5% (25 to 49.9 nmol/L, Q3), and 14.7% (<25 nmol/L, Q4). Risk calculated as odds ratios compared to Q1 were 1.63 (0.94 to 2.80, Q2), 2.00 (1.18 to 3.42 Q3), 2.62 (1.38 to 4.97, Q4). Lower serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with respiratory disease risk in this population survey. Funding for this analysis was provided by the National Health Services Information Centre, English Department of Health.
LONG-TERM CARE Function focused care approaches: Literature reviews of progress and future possibilities. Resnick B, Galik E, Boitz M. (Review). J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14(5):313-318. The European General Practice Research Network presents a comprehensive definition of multimorbidity in family medicine and long term care, following a systematic review of relevant literature. Le Reste JY, Nabbe P, Manceau B, et al. (Review). J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14(5):319-325. A hospital-to-nursing home transfer process associated with low hospital readmission rates while targeting quality of care, patient safety, and convenience: A 20-year perspective. Sandvik D, Bade P, Dunham A, Hendrickson S. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14(5):367-374.
MANAGEMENT/ADMINISTRATION Tours of duty: The new employeremployee contract. Hoffman R, Casnocha B, Yeh C. Harv Bus Rev. 2013;91(6):49-58. A 24-h a la carte food service as support for patients at nutritional risk: A pilot study. Munk T, Seidelin W, Rosenbom E, et al. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2013;26(3):268-275. 1258
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Abstract. New and novel ways to increase and sustain dietary intake would be beneficial to address nutrition needs during hospitalizations. This historically controlled intervention pilot study evaluated the use of 36 energy-enriched small entrées (28 to 109 g each) that could be supplemented on 24-h demand over a period of 3 days compared to the existing three meal/day catering buffet-style system at Herlev University Hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark. Forty consecutive hospitalized adults patients with a validated Nutritional Risk Score (NRS-2002) 3 (severe malnutrition) were enrolled over a 10-week period in 2009. Nurses scored patients using the NRS-2002 at time of admission. The historical control consisted of a hospitalized cohort (n¼39) with the same NRS-2002 screening scores studied in 2006. The energy intake was estimated using Danish nutrient guidelines, basal metabolic rate using HarrisBenedict and the Danish bedside method of 100 kj/kg/day. The protein intake was estimated at 18% of the energy intake. Data from each group were compared as appropriate using Pearson correlations, linear regression, c2, and Mann-Whitney U-tests. Results showed 44% of the 2006 group attained 75% of the recommended energy requirements whereas 55% met with the intervention menu but the actual caloric difference was not statistically significant. Food entrées were primarily ordered between 11 and 14 hours and 17 and 18 hours (24-hour clock) with a mean of 2.3 dishes ordered at one time. The most popular were smoked eel and desserts, which may account for only 17.5% of intervention patients meeting their protein requirement. The study was self-funded by the hospital dietary department.
NUTRITION SUPPORT Impact of two pulmonary enteral formulations on nutritional indices and outcomes. Dohen DA, Byham-Gray L, Denmark RM. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2013;26(3):286-293. Intra-abdominal pressure as a prognostic factor for tolerance of enteral nutrition in critical patients. Bejarano N, Navarro S, Rebasa P, GarciaEsquirol O, Hermoso J. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2013;37(3):352-360. Breast-milk acquired cytomegalovirus infection and disease in VLBW and premature infants. Lanzieri TM, Dollard SC, Josephson CD, Schmid DS, Bialek SR. Pediatrics. 2013;131(6): e1937-e1945. September 2013 Volume 113 Number 9
FROM THE ACADEMY ONCOLOGY Waist-to-thigh ratio is a predictor of internal organ cancers in humans: Findings from a cohort study. Hsu KH, Shin CP, Liao PJ. Ann Epidemiol. 2013;23(6):342-348. Abstract. Body shape and mass have been implicated as risk factors in some cancers. This cross sectional cohort study examined the association between cancers and body measures using 3-D body scanning in a convenience sample of 10,215 Taiwanese adults (mean age 52 years, age range 18 to 95 years, 58% males, mean smoking 25.7%) participating in routine health examination screenings at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from 2000-2002 and followed for an average of 8 years until 2010. Participants underwent 3-D body scanning to obtain more than 280 standardized measures, with 38 selected for inclusion in this study. Baseline physical measures were obtained at time of screening. Internal organ cancer was tracked by the national cancer registration database (esophagus, stomach, small intestines, colon/rectum, liver, pancreas, lung, bladder, kidney) and confirmed by treatment codes. c2, independent sample t-tests, linear regression, and Cox proportional hazard statistics were performed along with descriptive percentages as appropriate. Results found the men had a higher incidence of cancer during the follow-up period than women. Participants older than the mean age had a 2.4 times greater risk compared to those below the age of 52. Men had a 1.7 times greater risk than women. Using the various scan data, waist and thigh circumference along with the resulting ratio was the strongest novel predictor when first and fourth quartiles were compared. Mean thigh/waist circumference was 50.3/90.1 cm for cancer compared to 51.1/87.9 for non-cancer Taiwan patients. Funding was provided by the Healthy Aging Research Centre of Chang Gung University, Tuoyuan, Taiwan, and the Wang Jhan-Yang Public Trust Fund.
Ascorbic acid and its pro-oxidant activity as a therapy for tumors of oral cavity: A systematic review. Putchala MC, Ramani P, Sherlin HJ, Premkumar P, Natesan A. (Systematic Review). Arch Oral Biol. 2013;58(6):563-574. Meat consumption and the risk of Barrett’s esophagus in a large Dutch cohort. Keszei AP, Schouten LJ, Driessen AL, et al. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013;22(6): 1162-1166. Prevalence of diagnosed cancer according to duration of diagnosed diabetes and current insulin use among September 2013 Volume 113 Number 9
U.S. adults with diagnosed diabetes: Findings from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Li C, Zhoo G, Okara CA, et al. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(6):1569-1576.
PEDIATRIC Efficacy of zinc given as an adjunct in the treatment of severe and very severe pneumonia in hospitalized children 2-24 mo of age: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Wadhwa N, Chandran A, Aneja S, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6):1387-1394. Abstract. Pneumonia remains a substan-
tial cause of death in children <5 years residing in developing countries. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted from 20072010 in three tertiary hospitals in New Delhi, India, to evaluate the role of zinc (20 mg elemental) compared to placebo as an adjunct to standard antibiotic use in the treatment of severe and very severe pneumonia in children 2 to 24 months of age (n¼550) who presented at study hospital emergency departments and had not received prior treatment with antibiotics or zinc in the past 3 months. The categorization of pneumonia was adapted from World Health Organization guidelines and treatment followed the Indian Academy of Pediatric Pneumonia Guidelines. Treatment was given as 10 mg zinc/ 12 hours or placebo dissolved in 3 mL distilled water until 24 hours after recovery or 14 days, whichever was earlier. Primary outcome was time to recovery and treatment failure. Data were also collected on all clinical monitoring variables and laboratory. Statistical analysis used Cox proportional hazards regression model to calculate hazard ratios, MannWhitney U test, and Student’s t-test. Results showed no benefit from zinc use for either time to recovery or survival. Time to recovery appeared to be shorter in severe pneumonia but disappeared when the subgroup of severely underweight children was identified as a confounding variable. Funding was provided by the WHO and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
Health of children classified as underweight by CDC reference but normal by WHO standards. Meyers A, Joyce K, Coleman SM, et al. Pediatrics. 2013;131(6):e1780-e1787. Pacifier cleaning practices and risk of allergy development. Hesselmar B, Sjöberg F, Saalman R, Aberg N, Adlerberth I, Wold AE. Pediatrics. 2013;131(6): e1829-e1837.
Prevalence of use of human milk in US advanced care neonatal units. Perrine CG, Scanlon KS. Pediatrics. 2013;131(6): 1066-1071.
POLICY & ADVOCACY Efficacy of a dose range of stimulated sunlight exposures in raising vitamin D status in South Asian adults: Implications for targeted guidance on sun exposure. Farrar MD, Webb AR, Kift R, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6):1210-1216. Evaluation of vitamin D standardization program protocols for standardizing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D data: A case study of the program’s potential for national nutrition and health surveys. Cashman KD, Kiely M, Kinsella M, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6):1235-1242. A cash-back rebate program for healthy food purchases in South African: Results from a scanner study. Sturm R, An R, Segal D, Patel D. Am J Prev Med. 2013;44(6):567-572. Abstract. Policies and laws can be used to improve general population health. This observational study examined the effects of a price reduction strategy (HealthyFood Program) used within South Africa’s largest health plan (Discovery) on 20092013 grocery shopping behavior using scanned purchase data. Data were tracked from 432 participating supermarkets (Pick n Pay) using a designated health plan credit card provider (Visa) linked to 170,000 eligible household (60% members of the plan). A health promotion program (Vitality) offered enrollment in a healthy food purchase program that would offer a 10% rebate on purchase capped at 4,000 rands (approximately $480 US) per month and an additional 25% rebate for completing an online health risk assessment questionnaire survey. Scanner data were used to categorize individual item purchases eligible for rebates and all food purchased was coded as healthy, less desirable, and neutral. Two statistical models were used (household fixed-effects and case-control difference) to assess effect over time. An Eicker-Huber-White sandwich estimator was used to calculate clusters at the household level. Results showed clear trends of increasing the healthy food ratio within households by 6.0% and 9.3% and increases in total food expenditure ratio to fruit and vegetable purchases (5.7%, 8.5%) between rebate categories. Funding for this analysis was provided by the National Cancer Institute, National Institute
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FROM THE ACADEMY of Child Health and Human Development, and the Anne and James Rothenberg Dissertation Award 2011-2012. Authors were employed by the RAND Corporation.
PUBLIC HEALTH Public health surveillance with electronic medical records: At risk of surveillance bias and overdiagnosis. Chiolero A, Santschi V, Paccaud F. (Viewpoint). Eur J Public Health. 2013;23(3):350. Investigation of food acceptability and feeding practices for lipid nutrient supplements and blended flours used to treat malnutrition. Wang RJ, Trehan I, LaGrone LN, et al. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2013;45(3):258-263.
RENAL NUTRITION Management of protein-energy wasting in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease: Reconciling low protein intake with nutritional therapy. Kovesdy CP, Kopple JD, Kalantar-Zadeh K. (Review). Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6): 1163-1177. Estimating 24-hour urinary sodium excretion from casual urinary sodium concentrations in Western populations: The INTERSALT Study. Chan Q, Cogswell ME, Ueshima H, Stamler J, Elliott P, on behalf of the INTERSALT Co-operative Research Group. Am J Epidem. 2013;177(11): 1180-1192. Quantifying salt in urine-A complex solution. Kestenbaum B. (Invited Commentary). Am J Epidem. 2013;177(11):1193-1195. Respond to “Quantifying urine sodium excretion”. Elliott P, Brown IJ, Dyer AR, Chan Q, Ueshima H, Stamler J, on behalf of the INTERSALT Cooperative Research Group. Am J Epidem. 2013; 177(11):1196-1198. The effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on biomarkers of kidney injury in adults with diabetes: Results of the GO-FISH trial. Miller ER, Jurachek SP, Anderson CA, et al. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(6):1462-1469. Energy balance in haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients assessed by September 2013 Volume 113 Number 9
a 7-day weighed food diary and a portable armband device. Bovio G, Montagna G, Brazzo S, Piazza V, Segagni S, Cena H. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2013; 26(3):276-285. Abstract. Metabolic balance studies in nutrition are important to determine energy requirements. This cross-sectional 7-day study measured and compared the energy balance of 16 Italian adult stable chronic kidney disease patients undergoing either hemodialysis (HD, 3 females, 5 males, mean age 60.9 years) or peritoneal dialysis (PD, 3 females, 5 males, mean age 58.9 years) using weighed food records and portable armband devices. Data were collected for body mass index, basal metabolic rate by Harris Benedict formula, bioimpedence analysis 1 hour after HD or with empty PD abdomen, fasting serum laboratory values (prealbumin, transferrin, albumin, C-reactive protein, intact parathyroid hormone), physical activity (portable SenseWear armband [BodyMedia, Inc] for 7 consecutive days). Dialysis adequacy was calculated for HD using Kt/V and for PD using a 24-hour PD solution collection. A weighed dietary record using a provided electronic scale and dietitian-based training was completed by each patient. Statistical analysis compared HD and PD using independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test followed by Pearson’s correlational parametric univariate regression. Results showed the mean dialysis vintage was 35 months, and all patients were adequately dialyzed. The energy expenditure (mean 1,669 kcal/day) and energy intake (mean 1,628 kcal/day) measured by the armband revealed daily deficits when compared to the National Kidney Foundation recommendations. The authors recognized the limitations of the small sample size and use of armband technology that needs further validation in this population. There was no funding support for the study conducted at the Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, University of Pavia, Italy.
RESEARCH Don’t take cancer sitting down: A new survivorship research agenda. Lynch BM, Dunstan DW, Valience JK, Owen N. (Commentary). Cancer. 2013;119(6):1928-1935. Principles for research on ethnicity and health: The Leeds Consensus Statement. Mir G, Salway S, Kai J, et al. Eur J Public Health. 2013;23(3):504-510. A novel carbon isotope biomarker for dietary sugar. Schoeller DA. (Commentary). J Nutr. 2013;143 (6):763-765. The carbon isotope ratio of alanine in red blood cells is a new candidate biomarker of sugar-sweetened beverage intake.
Choy K, Nash SH, Kristal AR, Hopkins S, Boyer BB, O’Brien DM. J Nutr. 2013;143(6):878-884.
SCHOOL NUTRITION Vending and school store snack and beverage trends: Minnesota secondary schools, 2002-2010. Kubik MY, Davey C, Nanney S, MacLehose RF, Nelson TF, Coombes B. Am J Prev Med. 2013;44(6):583-588. A kitchen-based intervention to improve nutritional intake from school lunches in children aged 12-16 years. Madden AM, Harrex R, Radalowicz J, Boaden DC, Lim J, Ash R. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2013;26 (3):243-251. Where do Australian children get their dietary fibre? A focus on breakfast food choices. Grieger JA, Kim S, Cobiac L. Nutr Diet. 2013; 70(2):132-138. Abstract. Breakfast has been shown to be an effective way to increase children’s nutrition as well as potentially support academic attention. This secondary analysis of the 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey investigated the source and amount of daily reported fiber content in relationship to recommended fiber levels by relevant age and sex group. Data were available for 4,487 children ages 2 to 16 years including a computer-assisted personal interview collected 24-hour food recall, a food habits survey, height, weight, waist circumference, and self-reported physical activity. Breakfast was defined as food consumed between the hours of 5:00 AM to 9:30 AM. Simple linear regression models were used to compare log-transformed total and breakfast dietary fiber across data and variables groups. Data were grouped by ages 9-13 and 14-16 by sex. Results showed at least 90% (n¼4,033) of children consumed at least one energy-containing food for breakfast (65% dairy product, 49% ready-toeat breakfast cereal). Breakfast contributed a mean of 4.5 g fiber on total daily mean intake of 20.7 g (goal 35 g/d). Ready-to-eat cereals contributed 2/3 of breakfast fiber (1.5 to 3.0 g/serving) and 1/10 of daily fiber in most children, with 50% of children meeting daily goals. Predictors of meeting dietary fiber goal were older age, ready-toeat cereal consumption, and lower energy intake at breakfast. Funding support was provided by Kellogg Australia with notation funding source had no input into results.
A fizzy environment: Availability of consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among school students. Hebden L, Hector D, Hardy LL, King L. Prev Med. 2013;56(6):416-418.
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FROM THE ACADEMY SPORTS NUTRITION Tracking physical activity and sedentary behavior in childhood: A systematic review. Jones, RA, Hinkley T, Okely AD, Salmon J. (Systematic Review). Am J Prev Med. 2013; 44(6):651-658. Adolescents’ perspectives on wearing accelerometers to measure physical activity in population-based trials. Audrey S, Bell S, Hughes R, Campbell R. Eur J Public Health. 2013;23(3):475-479.
WEIGHT MANAGEMENT The obesity paradox in the US population. Greenberg JA. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6):11951200. Nut intake and adiposity: Meta-analysis of clinical trials. Flores-Mateo G, Rojas-Rueda D, Basora J, Ros E, Salad-Salvadó J. (Meta-analysis). Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6):1346-1345. Cholesterol metabolism after bariatric surgery in grade 3 obesity: Differences between malabsorptive and restrictive procedures. Benetti A, Del Puppa M, Crasignanai A, et al. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(6):1443-1447.
WELLNESS/PREVENTION Genome-wide meta-analysis of observation studies show common genetic variants associated with macronutrient intake. Tanaka T, Ngwa JS, van Rooij FJ, et al. (Metaanalysis). Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6):1395-1402.
WOMEN’S HEALTH Dietary patterns in association with postpartum weight retention. Boghossian NS, Yeung EH, Lipsky LM, Poon AK, Albert PS. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6):1338-1345.
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Maternal dietary patterns are associated with risk of neural tube and congenital heart defects. Sotres-Alvarez D, Siega-Riz AM, Herring AH, et al. and the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Am J Epidem. 2013;177(11):1279-1288. A qualitative study of the day-to-day lives of obese Mexican-American adolescent females. Taylor SA, Garland BH, Sanchez-Fournier BE, Allen KF, Doak JS, Wiemann CM. Pediatrics. 2013;131(6):1132-1138.
SITES IN REVIEW These web resources complement the qualitative research article “A Qualitative Study of Motivators and Barriers to Healthy Eating in Pregnancy for Low-Income, Overweight, African-American Mothers” published in the September 2013 issue of the Journal. United States National Library of Medicine Medline Plus: African American Health. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/african americanhealth.html#cat10 According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Health Disparities and Inequalities ReporteUnited States, 2011, the infant mortality rate for nonHispanic black women is 2.4 times that for non-Hispanic white women. Findings from the same report indicate preterm birth disparities as well, with the preterm birth rate for non-Hispanic black infants 49% higher than the preterm birth rate for Hispanic infants and 59% higher than the rate for non-Hispanic white infants. Dietetics practitioners can increase their knowledge of African-American health issues such as these by using the information presented on the Medline Plus website. The site is organized into six main divisions: Basics, Learn More, Multimedia & Cool Tools, Research, Reference Shelf, and For You. The Research section of the site provides links to current clinical trials, research findings, and journal articles involving AfricanAmerican populations. An extensive array of African-American health
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statistics ranging from diabetes prevalence to cerebrovascular disease mortality rates is accessible from the Reference Shelf division. Consumer nutrition education materials can be downloaded for free from the Learn More section. They include over 25 colorful, easy-to-prepare, healthful African-Americanestyle recipes such as Spicy Okra, Jumpin’ Jambalaya, and 1-2-3 Peach Cobbler, including nutrient analyses. From the For You section, site users can access links to infant safety information and breastfeeding resources.
US Department of Agriculture ChooseMyPlate: Health and Nutrition Information for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women. http://www.choosemyplate.gov/pregnancybreastfeeding/pregnancy-nutritional-needs. html Pregnancy is a time when women can be exposed to a wealth of health misinformation. A source of evidence-based health and nutrition information for pregnancy/breastfeeding is available from the ChooseMyPlate website. Site users can browse a wide range of topics such as Nutritional Needs During Pregnancy, Food Safety for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women, and More Information for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women. Under Nutritional Needs During Pregnancy, consumers can learn about prenatal vitamin and mineral supplement recommendations, the risks associated with alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and nutrient needs for multiple births. If interested, the Daily Food Plan for Moms link enables women to create personalized nutrition and activity plans, set goals, and track their progress. Relevant food safety issues for pregnancy and breastfeeding such as prevention of listeriosis and toxoplasmosis are addressed under the Food Safety for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women topic. Guidelines for wise seafood consumption are provided here as well. The More Information for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women section of the site serves as a portal to connect site users with reliable pregnancy breastfeeding resources such as food assistance programs like the special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children (WIC), and the US Department of Health and Human Services toll-free breastfeeding hotline.
September 2013 Volume 113 Number 9
New in Review
PERIODICALS BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY Consumer attitudes and understanding of low-sodium claims on food: An analysis of healthy and hypertensive individuals. Wong CL, Arcand J, Mendoza J, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6):1288-1298. Abstract. Consumers should be able to use nutrition labeling with health claims to aid in making food product choices. This series of online attitude research surveys used a randomized subsample (n¼987 adults with and without hypertension) of the Advanced Foods and Materials Network Canadian Consumer Monitor Panel (n¼>30,000) to assess how consumers respond to four sodium label claims. Respondents were presented in random order one of four mock food packaging label claims for soup: control (tastes great), disease risk reduction (healthy diet containing foods high in potassium and low in sodium may reduce risk of high blood pressure), function claim (low sodium intake helps maintain healthy blood pressure), and an existing nutrition claim (low in sodium). Survey was administered during September and October 2011. A five-point Likert scale (negative-positive) was used to collect data. Both complete and incomplete surveys were used in the analysis by leastsquares means multiple-comparisons. A repeated-measures analysis used label type and hypertension status as fixed effects. Complete data were available for 506 adults, of which 29% self-reported hypertension. The disease risk reduction claim was selected as the most healthful and the taste control as the least healthful. Respondents with hypertension reported claims more helpful and influential than normotensives. Regular consumers of soup had higher intention to purchase responses. The function claim was noted by 20% of participants to be too general and not connected to the soup product. Funding was provided by the National Centres of Excellence, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and Canadian Stroke Network Operating Grant, and a cohort of research fellowships.
Nutritional quality at eight U.S. fastfood chains: 14-year trends. Hearst MO, Harnack LJ, Bauer KW, Earnest AA, French SA, Oakes JM. Am J Prev Med. 2013;44(6):589-594. ª 2013 by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
Labeling regulations and calories purchased at chain restaurants. Krieger JW, Chan NL, Saelens BE, Ta ML, Solet D, Fleming DW. Am J Prev Med. 2013;44(6):595-604. Nutritional quality of menu offerings at eight fast-food restaurants in the US: A commentary. Wootan MG. (Commentary). Am J Prev Med. 2013;44(6):690-691. Front-of-pack nutrition labeling: Are multiple formats a problem for consumers? Draper AK, Adamson AJ, Glegg S, Malam S, Rigg M, Duncan S. Eur J Public Health. 2013;23(3):517521. Determinants of food label use among supermarket shoppers: A Singaporean perspective. Vijaykumar S, Lwin MO, Chao J, Au C. J Nutr Edu Behav. 2013;45(3):204-212.
CLINICAL NUTRITION Urinary magnesium excretion as a marker of heart risk. Larsson SC. (Editorial). Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6):1159-1160. Urinary and plasma magnesium and risk of ischemic heart disease. Joosten MM, Gansevoort RT, Mukamal KJ, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6):1299-1306. Barriers and facilitators to undertaking nutrition screening of patients: A systematic review.
Green SM, James EP. (Review). J Hum Nutr Diet. 2013;26(3):211-221. Acute consumption of walnuts and walnut components differentially affect postprandial lipemia, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and cholesterol efflux in humans with mild hypercholesterolemia. Berryman CE, Grieger JA, West SG, et al. J Nutr. 2013;143(6):781-787. Abstract. Nutrition research on the consumption of nuts has suggested a potential cardiovascular risk reduction effect, and the American Heart Association has recommended 4 servings/wk of nuts, legumes, and seeds. This randomized, controlled, postprandial, four-period crossover study (1-week washout) evaluated the effect of a 1-week daily consumption of one of four types of walnuts (85 g whole, 51 g oil, 34 g defatted nutmeat, or 5.5 g ground skin) on selected fasting serum components in 15 healthy overweight adults (9 women, 6 men, ages 21 to 60 years, mean weight 85 kg, mean body mass index 29). The serum variables collected included total cholesterol, triglycerides, total thiols, ferric reducing antioxidant potentials, plasma malondialdehyde, endothelial function, augmentation index, and cholesterol efflux. Dietetics practitioners provided ongoing counseling to follow a low-antioxidant diet 3 days prior to each screening and each test visit. Results were compared by a mixed linear regression model to account for repeated measures and adjusting with a compound symmetry effect. Results showed only adverse effect was diarrhea/ loose stools by nine participants in walnut oil phase. The major finding was improvement in endothelial function more rapidly by walnut oil compared to whole and skin. Whole walnuts increased cholesterol efflux. Arterial stiffness was not changed in this
IN THIS ISSUE PERIODICALS .............................................................................................page 1255 SITES IN REVIEW ......................................................................................page 1262 New in Review Editor: Judith Beto, PhD, RD, FADA Sites in Review Editor: Donna Hollinger, MS, RD, LD Order Abstracted Articles at a Discount Did you know you can order the articles listed in New in Review through the Academy? You can for a nominal charge of $10. Simply e-mail a citation from New in Review (eg, Stensland SH, Sobal J. Dietary practices of ballet, jazz, and modern dancers. J Am Diet Assoc. 1992;92(3):319-324) to [email protected]. You will then be sent a link to pay for your article using a credit card. Articles are sent via e-mail and generally arrive within 3 business days.
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FROM THE ACADEMY study. Nutmeats appeared to have the least effect. Funding was provided by the California Walnut Commission to the National Institutes of Healthefunded Clinical Research Center at Pennsylvania State University, but it was stated the Commission had no role in the study.
COMMUNICATION/PUBLICATION Creativity in advertising: When it works and when it doesn’t. Reinartz W, Saffert P. Harv Bus Rev. 2013; 91(6):107-112. How to give a killer presentation. Anderson C. Harv Bus Rev. 2013;91(6):121-125. Effective writing and publishing scientific papers, part II: Title and abstract. Cals JW, Kotz D. (Writing Tip Series). J Clin Epidemiol. 2013;66(6):585. Optimizing lifestyles for men regarded as ‘hard-to-reach’ through top-flight football/soccer clubs. Zwolinsky S, McKenna J, Pringle A, Daly-Smith A, Robertson S, White A. Health Edu Res. 2013; 28(3):405-413. Effect of a web-based stroke education program on recurrence prevention behaviors among stroke patients: A pilot study. Kim JI, Lee S, Kim JH. Health Educ Res. 2013; 28(3):488-501.
COMMUNITY NUTRITION Nutritional composition of commonly consumed composite dishes from rural villages in Empangeni, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Spearing K, Kolahdooz F, Lukasewich M, Mathe N, Khamis T, Sharma S. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2013;26(3):222-229. Providing care for immigrant, migrant, and border children. Council on Community Pediatrics. (Consensus Report). Pediatrics. 2013;131(6):e2028-e2034. Providing care for children and adolescents facing homelessness and housing insecurity. Council on Community Pediatrics. (Consensus Report). Pediatrics. 2013;131(6):1206-1210.
CONSULTATION AND PRIVATE PRACTICE How to profit from lean advertising. Teixeira T. Harv Bus Rev. 2013;91(6):23-25. September 2013 Volume 113 Number 9
The new dynamics of competition: An emerging science for modeling strategic moves. Ryall MD. Harv Bus Rev. 2013;91(6):80-87. The effects of physical activity and physical activity plus diet interventions on body weight in overweight or obese women who are pregnant or in postpartum: A systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Choi JW, Fukuoka Y, Lee JH. (Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis). Prev Med. 2013;56(6): 351-364.
CULINARY Similarities and differences among fluid milk products: Traditionally produced, extended shelf life and ultrahightemperature processed. Grabowski NT, Ahlfeld B, Brix A, Hagemann A, von Munchhausen C, Klein K. Food Sci Technol Int. 2013;19(3):235-242. Physico-chemical and functional properties of spray-dried sourdough in breadmaking. Tafti AG, Peighambardoust SH, Hesari J, Bahrami A, Bonab ES. Food Sci Technol Int. 2013; 19(3):271-278. Inorganic nitrate and beetroot juice supplementation reduces blood pressure in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Siervo M, Lara J, Ogbonmwan I, Mathers JC. (Systematic Review, Meta-analysis). J Nutr. 2013;143(6):818-826. Wheat rolls fortified with microencapsulated L-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid or equimolar folic acid increase blood folate concentration to a similar extent in healthy men and women. Green TJ, Liu Y, Dadgar S, Li W, Bohni R, Kitts DD. J Nutr. 2013;143(6):867-871.
DIABETES CARE Food insecurity in relation to changes in hemoglobin A1c, self-efficacy, and fruit/vegetable intake during a diabetes educational intervention. Lyles CR, Wolf MS, Schillinger D, et al. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(6):1448-1453. Abstract. Diabetes as a chronic disease requires ongoing attention to selection and purchase of food items, but little research has been conducted on the impact of the potential inability to
obtain these necessary foods. This is a secondary observational analysis of the 2008-2009 Missouri Health Literacy and Diabetes Communication Initiative, a lowincome, randomized, primary care clinicebased, patient-centered diabetes self-management program focused on behavioral change and health literacy. The purpose was to compare food-secure with food insecure trial participants for differences in diabetes control using hemoglobin A1c, self-reported adherence to diabetes regimen, and fruit/vegetable intake between baseline and follow-up phases. A baseline assessment of food insecurity for the prior 12 months was completed on a validated six-item scale. Self-reported selfefficacy was reported intermittently through the trial using an eight-item validated scale. Fruit and vegetable consumption was measured throughout the trial using the self-reported Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey. Data analysis included c2, two-sided t-tests, and a series of linear regression models. Results were available for 665 individuals (63% women, 66% white, 57% annual income <$15,000/ year, mean age 54.8 years) with 219 meeting food insecurity criteria at baseline. Food insecurity was more prevalent in younger patients who had lower income and were unemployed. This group also had higher hemoglobin A1c at baseline and showed greatest improvement in selfefficacy during the study compared to the food-secure group. Food-insecure participants increased fruit intake from 0.8 to 1.0 servings/day compared to no difference in vegetable intake from 1.8 servings/day. Funding for this analysis was provided by the Missouri Foundation for Health.
The relationship between changes in steps/day and health outcomes after a pedometer-based physical activity intervention with telephone support in type 2 diabetes patients. Van Dyck D, De Greef K, Deforche B, et al. Health Educ Res. 2013;28(3):539-545.
EDUCATION Process evaluation of Healthy Bodies, Healthy Souls: A church-based health intervention program in Baltimore City. Wag HE, Lee M, Hart A, et al. Health Educ Res. 2013;28(3):392-404. Evaluation of a theory-driven e-learning intervention for future oral healthcare providers on secondary prevention of disordered eating behaviors. DeBate RD, Severson HH, Cagun J, et al. Health Educ Res. 2013;28(3):472-487.
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FROM THE ACADEMY Eating competence of college students in an introductory nutrition course. Brown LB, Larsen KJ, Nyland NK, Eggett DL. J Nutr Edu Behav. 2013;45(3):269-273.
GERONTOLOGY A randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of a model of restorative home care on physical function and social support among older people. Parsons JG, Sheridan N, Rouse P, Robinson E, Connolly M. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 2013; 94(3):1015-1022. Do older adults aged 60-75 years benefit from diabetes behavioral intervention? Beverly EA, Fitzgerald S, Sitnikov L, Ganda OP, Cabaliero AE, Weinger K. Diabetes Care. 2013; 36(6):1501-1506. Associations between vitamin D and self-reported respiratory disease in older people from a nationally representative population survey. Hirani V. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013;61(6):969-973. Abstract. The role of vitamin D and its association with many health conditions continues to be investigated. This epidemiological cross sectional analysis of the 2005
Health Survey of England (n¼3,145 British adults 65 years) focused on the relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels, basic demographic and lifestyle variables, and self-reported long-term respiratory diseases in a nationally representative multistage stratified probability randomized sampling design. Data were collected at two visits by trained researchers. A logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratios; 25(OH)D levels were analyzed by Diasorin Kit and divided into quartiles (Q) for multivariate analysis. Complete data for analysis were available for 2,070 adults (54% men, mean age 74.5). The presence of respiratory disease (60% bronchitis or COPD, 40% other) by highest to lowest Q was 8.9% (75 nmol/L, Q1), 30.8% (50 to 74.9 nmol/L Q2), 45.5% (25 to 49.9 nmol/L, Q3), and 14.7% (<25 nmol/L, Q4). Risk calculated as odds ratios compared to Q1 were 1.63 (0.94 to 2.80, Q2), 2.00 (1.18 to 3.42 Q3), 2.62 (1.38 to 4.97, Q4). Lower serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with respiratory disease risk in this population survey. Funding for this analysis was provided by the National Health Services Information Centre, English Department of Health.
LONG-TERM CARE Function focused care approaches: Literature reviews of progress and future possibilities. Resnick B, Galik E, Boitz M. (Review). J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14(5):313-318. The European General Practice Research Network presents a comprehensive definition of multimorbidity in family medicine and long term care, following a systematic review of relevant literature. Le Reste JY, Nabbe P, Manceau B, et al. (Review). J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14(5):319-325. A hospital-to-nursing home transfer process associated with low hospital readmission rates while targeting quality of care, patient safety, and convenience: A 20-year perspective. Sandvik D, Bade P, Dunham A, Hendrickson S. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14(5):367-374.
MANAGEMENT/ADMINISTRATION Tours of duty: The new employeremployee contract. Hoffman R, Casnocha B, Yeh C. Harv Bus Rev. 2013;91(6):49-58. A 24-h a la carte food service as support for patients at nutritional risk: A pilot study. Munk T, Seidelin W, Rosenbom E, et al. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2013;26(3):268-275. 1258
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Abstract. New and novel ways to increase and sustain dietary intake would be beneficial to address nutrition needs during hospitalizations. This historically controlled intervention pilot study evaluated the use of 36 energy-enriched small entrées (28 to 109 g each) that could be supplemented on 24-h demand over a period of 3 days compared to the existing three meal/day catering buffet-style system at Herlev University Hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark. Forty consecutive hospitalized adults patients with a validated Nutritional Risk Score (NRS-2002) 3 (severe malnutrition) were enrolled over a 10-week period in 2009. Nurses scored patients using the NRS-2002 at time of admission. The historical control consisted of a hospitalized cohort (n¼39) with the same NRS-2002 screening scores studied in 2006. The energy intake was estimated using Danish nutrient guidelines, basal metabolic rate using HarrisBenedict and the Danish bedside method of 100 kj/kg/day. The protein intake was estimated at 18% of the energy intake. Data from each group were compared as appropriate using Pearson correlations, linear regression, c2, and Mann-Whitney U-tests. Results showed 44% of the 2006 group attained 75% of the recommended energy requirements whereas 55% met with the intervention menu but the actual caloric difference was not statistically significant. Food entrées were primarily ordered between 11 and 14 hours and 17 and 18 hours (24-hour clock) with a mean of 2.3 dishes ordered at one time. The most popular were smoked eel and desserts, which may account for only 17.5% of intervention patients meeting their protein requirement. The study was self-funded by the hospital dietary department.
NUTRITION SUPPORT Impact of two pulmonary enteral formulations on nutritional indices and outcomes. Dohen DA, Byham-Gray L, Denmark RM. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2013;26(3):286-293. Intra-abdominal pressure as a prognostic factor for tolerance of enteral nutrition in critical patients. Bejarano N, Navarro S, Rebasa P, GarciaEsquirol O, Hermoso J. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2013;37(3):352-360. Breast-milk acquired cytomegalovirus infection and disease in VLBW and premature infants. Lanzieri TM, Dollard SC, Josephson CD, Schmid DS, Bialek SR. Pediatrics. 2013;131(6): e1937-e1945. September 2013 Volume 113 Number 9
FROM THE ACADEMY ONCOLOGY Waist-to-thigh ratio is a predictor of internal organ cancers in humans: Findings from a cohort study. Hsu KH, Shin CP, Liao PJ. Ann Epidemiol. 2013;23(6):342-348. Abstract. Body shape and mass have been implicated as risk factors in some cancers. This cross sectional cohort study examined the association between cancers and body measures using 3-D body scanning in a convenience sample of 10,215 Taiwanese adults (mean age 52 years, age range 18 to 95 years, 58% males, mean smoking 25.7%) participating in routine health examination screenings at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from 2000-2002 and followed for an average of 8 years until 2010. Participants underwent 3-D body scanning to obtain more than 280 standardized measures, with 38 selected for inclusion in this study. Baseline physical measures were obtained at time of screening. Internal organ cancer was tracked by the national cancer registration database (esophagus, stomach, small intestines, colon/rectum, liver, pancreas, lung, bladder, kidney) and confirmed by treatment codes. c2, independent sample t-tests, linear regression, and Cox proportional hazard statistics were performed along with descriptive percentages as appropriate. Results found the men had a higher incidence of cancer during the follow-up period than women. Participants older than the mean age had a 2.4 times greater risk compared to those below the age of 52. Men had a 1.7 times greater risk than women. Using the various scan data, waist and thigh circumference along with the resulting ratio was the strongest novel predictor when first and fourth quartiles were compared. Mean thigh/waist circumference was 50.3/90.1 cm for cancer compared to 51.1/87.9 for non-cancer Taiwan patients. Funding was provided by the Healthy Aging Research Centre of Chang Gung University, Tuoyuan, Taiwan, and the Wang Jhan-Yang Public Trust Fund.
Ascorbic acid and its pro-oxidant activity as a therapy for tumors of oral cavity: A systematic review. Putchala MC, Ramani P, Sherlin HJ, Premkumar P, Natesan A. (Systematic Review). Arch Oral Biol. 2013;58(6):563-574. Meat consumption and the risk of Barrett’s esophagus in a large Dutch cohort. Keszei AP, Schouten LJ, Driessen AL, et al. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013;22(6): 1162-1166. Prevalence of diagnosed cancer according to duration of diagnosed diabetes and current insulin use among September 2013 Volume 113 Number 9
U.S. adults with diagnosed diabetes: Findings from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Li C, Zhoo G, Okara CA, et al. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(6):1569-1576.
PEDIATRIC Efficacy of zinc given as an adjunct in the treatment of severe and very severe pneumonia in hospitalized children 2-24 mo of age: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Wadhwa N, Chandran A, Aneja S, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6):1387-1394. Abstract. Pneumonia remains a substan-
tial cause of death in children <5 years residing in developing countries. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted from 20072010 in three tertiary hospitals in New Delhi, India, to evaluate the role of zinc (20 mg elemental) compared to placebo as an adjunct to standard antibiotic use in the treatment of severe and very severe pneumonia in children 2 to 24 months of age (n¼550) who presented at study hospital emergency departments and had not received prior treatment with antibiotics or zinc in the past 3 months. The categorization of pneumonia was adapted from World Health Organization guidelines and treatment followed the Indian Academy of Pediatric Pneumonia Guidelines. Treatment was given as 10 mg zinc/ 12 hours or placebo dissolved in 3 mL distilled water until 24 hours after recovery or 14 days, whichever was earlier. Primary outcome was time to recovery and treatment failure. Data were also collected on all clinical monitoring variables and laboratory. Statistical analysis used Cox proportional hazards regression model to calculate hazard ratios, MannWhitney U test, and Student’s t-test. Results showed no benefit from zinc use for either time to recovery or survival. Time to recovery appeared to be shorter in severe pneumonia but disappeared when the subgroup of severely underweight children was identified as a confounding variable. Funding was provided by the WHO and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
Health of children classified as underweight by CDC reference but normal by WHO standards. Meyers A, Joyce K, Coleman SM, et al. Pediatrics. 2013;131(6):e1780-e1787. Pacifier cleaning practices and risk of allergy development. Hesselmar B, Sjöberg F, Saalman R, Aberg N, Adlerberth I, Wold AE. Pediatrics. 2013;131(6): e1829-e1837.
Prevalence of use of human milk in US advanced care neonatal units. Perrine CG, Scanlon KS. Pediatrics. 2013;131(6): 1066-1071.
POLICY & ADVOCACY Efficacy of a dose range of stimulated sunlight exposures in raising vitamin D status in South Asian adults: Implications for targeted guidance on sun exposure. Farrar MD, Webb AR, Kift R, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6):1210-1216. Evaluation of vitamin D standardization program protocols for standardizing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D data: A case study of the program’s potential for national nutrition and health surveys. Cashman KD, Kiely M, Kinsella M, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6):1235-1242. A cash-back rebate program for healthy food purchases in South African: Results from a scanner study. Sturm R, An R, Segal D, Patel D. Am J Prev Med. 2013;44(6):567-572. Abstract. Policies and laws can be used to improve general population health. This observational study examined the effects of a price reduction strategy (HealthyFood Program) used within South Africa’s largest health plan (Discovery) on 20092013 grocery shopping behavior using scanned purchase data. Data were tracked from 432 participating supermarkets (Pick n Pay) using a designated health plan credit card provider (Visa) linked to 170,000 eligible household (60% members of the plan). A health promotion program (Vitality) offered enrollment in a healthy food purchase program that would offer a 10% rebate on purchase capped at 4,000 rands (approximately $480 US) per month and an additional 25% rebate for completing an online health risk assessment questionnaire survey. Scanner data were used to categorize individual item purchases eligible for rebates and all food purchased was coded as healthy, less desirable, and neutral. Two statistical models were used (household fixed-effects and case-control difference) to assess effect over time. An Eicker-Huber-White sandwich estimator was used to calculate clusters at the household level. Results showed clear trends of increasing the healthy food ratio within households by 6.0% and 9.3% and increases in total food expenditure ratio to fruit and vegetable purchases (5.7%, 8.5%) between rebate categories. Funding for this analysis was provided by the National Cancer Institute, National Institute
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FROM THE ACADEMY of Child Health and Human Development, and the Anne and James Rothenberg Dissertation Award 2011-2012. Authors were employed by the RAND Corporation.
PUBLIC HEALTH Public health surveillance with electronic medical records: At risk of surveillance bias and overdiagnosis. Chiolero A, Santschi V, Paccaud F. (Viewpoint). Eur J Public Health. 2013;23(3):350. Investigation of food acceptability and feeding practices for lipid nutrient supplements and blended flours used to treat malnutrition. Wang RJ, Trehan I, LaGrone LN, et al. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2013;45(3):258-263.
RENAL NUTRITION Management of protein-energy wasting in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease: Reconciling low protein intake with nutritional therapy. Kovesdy CP, Kopple JD, Kalantar-Zadeh K. (Review). Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6): 1163-1177. Estimating 24-hour urinary sodium excretion from casual urinary sodium concentrations in Western populations: The INTERSALT Study. Chan Q, Cogswell ME, Ueshima H, Stamler J, Elliott P, on behalf of the INTERSALT Co-operative Research Group. Am J Epidem. 2013;177(11): 1180-1192. Quantifying salt in urine-A complex solution. Kestenbaum B. (Invited Commentary). Am J Epidem. 2013;177(11):1193-1195. Respond to “Quantifying urine sodium excretion”. Elliott P, Brown IJ, Dyer AR, Chan Q, Ueshima H, Stamler J, on behalf of the INTERSALT Cooperative Research Group. Am J Epidem. 2013; 177(11):1196-1198. The effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on biomarkers of kidney injury in adults with diabetes: Results of the GO-FISH trial. Miller ER, Jurachek SP, Anderson CA, et al. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(6):1462-1469. Energy balance in haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients assessed by September 2013 Volume 113 Number 9
a 7-day weighed food diary and a portable armband device. Bovio G, Montagna G, Brazzo S, Piazza V, Segagni S, Cena H. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2013; 26(3):276-285. Abstract. Metabolic balance studies in nutrition are important to determine energy requirements. This cross-sectional 7-day study measured and compared the energy balance of 16 Italian adult stable chronic kidney disease patients undergoing either hemodialysis (HD, 3 females, 5 males, mean age 60.9 years) or peritoneal dialysis (PD, 3 females, 5 males, mean age 58.9 years) using weighed food records and portable armband devices. Data were collected for body mass index, basal metabolic rate by Harris Benedict formula, bioimpedence analysis 1 hour after HD or with empty PD abdomen, fasting serum laboratory values (prealbumin, transferrin, albumin, C-reactive protein, intact parathyroid hormone), physical activity (portable SenseWear armband [BodyMedia, Inc] for 7 consecutive days). Dialysis adequacy was calculated for HD using Kt/V and for PD using a 24-hour PD solution collection. A weighed dietary record using a provided electronic scale and dietitian-based training was completed by each patient. Statistical analysis compared HD and PD using independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test followed by Pearson’s correlational parametric univariate regression. Results showed the mean dialysis vintage was 35 months, and all patients were adequately dialyzed. The energy expenditure (mean 1,669 kcal/day) and energy intake (mean 1,628 kcal/day) measured by the armband revealed daily deficits when compared to the National Kidney Foundation recommendations. The authors recognized the limitations of the small sample size and use of armband technology that needs further validation in this population. There was no funding support for the study conducted at the Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, University of Pavia, Italy.
RESEARCH Don’t take cancer sitting down: A new survivorship research agenda. Lynch BM, Dunstan DW, Valience JK, Owen N. (Commentary). Cancer. 2013;119(6):1928-1935. Principles for research on ethnicity and health: The Leeds Consensus Statement. Mir G, Salway S, Kai J, et al. Eur J Public Health. 2013;23(3):504-510. A novel carbon isotope biomarker for dietary sugar. Schoeller DA. (Commentary). J Nutr. 2013;143 (6):763-765. The carbon isotope ratio of alanine in red blood cells is a new candidate biomarker of sugar-sweetened beverage intake.
Choy K, Nash SH, Kristal AR, Hopkins S, Boyer BB, O’Brien DM. J Nutr. 2013;143(6):878-884.
SCHOOL NUTRITION Vending and school store snack and beverage trends: Minnesota secondary schools, 2002-2010. Kubik MY, Davey C, Nanney S, MacLehose RF, Nelson TF, Coombes B. Am J Prev Med. 2013;44(6):583-588. A kitchen-based intervention to improve nutritional intake from school lunches in children aged 12-16 years. Madden AM, Harrex R, Radalowicz J, Boaden DC, Lim J, Ash R. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2013;26 (3):243-251. Where do Australian children get their dietary fibre? A focus on breakfast food choices. Grieger JA, Kim S, Cobiac L. Nutr Diet. 2013; 70(2):132-138. Abstract. Breakfast has been shown to be an effective way to increase children’s nutrition as well as potentially support academic attention. This secondary analysis of the 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey investigated the source and amount of daily reported fiber content in relationship to recommended fiber levels by relevant age and sex group. Data were available for 4,487 children ages 2 to 16 years including a computer-assisted personal interview collected 24-hour food recall, a food habits survey, height, weight, waist circumference, and self-reported physical activity. Breakfast was defined as food consumed between the hours of 5:00 AM to 9:30 AM. Simple linear regression models were used to compare log-transformed total and breakfast dietary fiber across data and variables groups. Data were grouped by ages 9-13 and 14-16 by sex. Results showed at least 90% (n¼4,033) of children consumed at least one energy-containing food for breakfast (65% dairy product, 49% ready-toeat breakfast cereal). Breakfast contributed a mean of 4.5 g fiber on total daily mean intake of 20.7 g (goal 35 g/d). Ready-to-eat cereals contributed 2/3 of breakfast fiber (1.5 to 3.0 g/serving) and 1/10 of daily fiber in most children, with 50% of children meeting daily goals. Predictors of meeting dietary fiber goal were older age, ready-toeat cereal consumption, and lower energy intake at breakfast. Funding support was provided by Kellogg Australia with notation funding source had no input into results.
A fizzy environment: Availability of consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among school students. Hebden L, Hector D, Hardy LL, King L. Prev Med. 2013;56(6):416-418.
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FROM THE ACADEMY SPORTS NUTRITION Tracking physical activity and sedentary behavior in childhood: A systematic review. Jones, RA, Hinkley T, Okely AD, Salmon J. (Systematic Review). Am J Prev Med. 2013; 44(6):651-658. Adolescents’ perspectives on wearing accelerometers to measure physical activity in population-based trials. Audrey S, Bell S, Hughes R, Campbell R. Eur J Public Health. 2013;23(3):475-479.
WEIGHT MANAGEMENT The obesity paradox in the US population. Greenberg JA. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6):11951200. Nut intake and adiposity: Meta-analysis of clinical trials. Flores-Mateo G, Rojas-Rueda D, Basora J, Ros E, Salad-Salvadó J. (Meta-analysis). Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6):1346-1345. Cholesterol metabolism after bariatric surgery in grade 3 obesity: Differences between malabsorptive and restrictive procedures. Benetti A, Del Puppa M, Crasignanai A, et al. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(6):1443-1447.
WELLNESS/PREVENTION Genome-wide meta-analysis of observation studies show common genetic variants associated with macronutrient intake. Tanaka T, Ngwa JS, van Rooij FJ, et al. (Metaanalysis). Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6):1395-1402.
WOMEN’S HEALTH Dietary patterns in association with postpartum weight retention. Boghossian NS, Yeung EH, Lipsky LM, Poon AK, Albert PS. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6):1338-1345.
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Maternal dietary patterns are associated with risk of neural tube and congenital heart defects. Sotres-Alvarez D, Siega-Riz AM, Herring AH, et al. and the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Am J Epidem. 2013;177(11):1279-1288. A qualitative study of the day-to-day lives of obese Mexican-American adolescent females. Taylor SA, Garland BH, Sanchez-Fournier BE, Allen KF, Doak JS, Wiemann CM. Pediatrics. 2013;131(6):1132-1138.
SITES IN REVIEW These web resources complement the qualitative research article “A Qualitative Study of Motivators and Barriers to Healthy Eating in Pregnancy for Low-Income, Overweight, African-American Mothers” published in the September 2013 issue of the Journal. United States National Library of Medicine Medline Plus: African American Health. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/african americanhealth.html#cat10 According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Health Disparities and Inequalities ReporteUnited States, 2011, the infant mortality rate for nonHispanic black women is 2.4 times that for non-Hispanic white women. Findings from the same report indicate preterm birth disparities as well, with the preterm birth rate for non-Hispanic black infants 49% higher than the preterm birth rate for Hispanic infants and 59% higher than the rate for non-Hispanic white infants. Dietetics practitioners can increase their knowledge of African-American health issues such as these by using the information presented on the Medline Plus website. The site is organized into six main divisions: Basics, Learn More, Multimedia & Cool Tools, Research, Reference Shelf, and For You. The Research section of the site provides links to current clinical trials, research findings, and journal articles involving AfricanAmerican populations. An extensive array of African-American health
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statistics ranging from diabetes prevalence to cerebrovascular disease mortality rates is accessible from the Reference Shelf division. Consumer nutrition education materials can be downloaded for free from the Learn More section. They include over 25 colorful, easy-to-prepare, healthful African-Americanestyle recipes such as Spicy Okra, Jumpin’ Jambalaya, and 1-2-3 Peach Cobbler, including nutrient analyses. From the For You section, site users can access links to infant safety information and breastfeeding resources.
US Department of Agriculture ChooseMyPlate: Health and Nutrition Information for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women. http://www.choosemyplate.gov/pregnancybreastfeeding/pregnancy-nutritional-needs. html Pregnancy is a time when women can be exposed to a wealth of health misinformation. A source of evidence-based health and nutrition information for pregnancy/breastfeeding is available from the ChooseMyPlate website. Site users can browse a wide range of topics such as Nutritional Needs During Pregnancy, Food Safety for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women, and More Information for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women. Under Nutritional Needs During Pregnancy, consumers can learn about prenatal vitamin and mineral supplement recommendations, the risks associated with alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and nutrient needs for multiple births. If interested, the Daily Food Plan for Moms link enables women to create personalized nutrition and activity plans, set goals, and track their progress. Relevant food safety issues for pregnancy and breastfeeding such as prevention of listeriosis and toxoplasmosis are addressed under the Food Safety for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women topic. Guidelines for wise seafood consumption are provided here as well. The More Information for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women section of the site serves as a portal to connect site users with reliable pregnancy breastfeeding resources such as food assistance programs like the special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children (WIC), and the US Department of Health and Human Services toll-free breastfeeding hotline.
September 2013 Volume 113 Number 9