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September 2015 New in Review
FROM THE ACADEMY
New in Review
ABSTRACTS BUSINESS & INDUSTRY Is the degree of food processing and convenience linked with the nutritional quality of foods purchased by US households? Poti JM, Mendez MA, Ng SW, Popkin BM. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(6):1251-1262. To investigate the trend of purchases of processed and convenience foods in US households over a 2-year span and to compare the saturated fat, sugar, and sodium content with levels of processing and convenience, the authors used data from a nationally representative, longitudinal study of food and beverage consumer packaged goods, the 2010-2012 Nielsen Homescan Panel. Participating households in the sample were located in 52 metropolitan and 24 nonmetropolitan areas. The study’s open cohort design allowed participants to discontinue participation after 10 consecutive months and allowed new participants to enroll later in the study period to replace those that had dropped out. Annual range of participating households was 34,000 to 62,000; 157,142 unique households participated, contributing data from a total 656,184 shopping trips. A questionnaire was administered to gather data regarding size of household and demographic data. Barcode scanners were used by participating households that were instructed to scan all food and beverage purchases upon returning home from each shopping trip to a supermarket; grocery, mass merchandise, or convenience store; drugstore; or supercenter. Each scanned product was linked to a nutrition facts panel in a database of information regarding energy, saturated fat, total sugar, sodium content, and product packaging information and ingredients. The authors designed a classification system to analyze foods separately on degree of industrial processing and convenience. Trends analysis was used to generate nationally representative estimates that used sampling weights from the Nielsen study and regression models tested linear time trends. Saturated fat, sugar, and sodium content was compared in less-processed and highly processed product purchases. ª 2015 by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
CULINARY
Association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in individuals with normal weight: A cross-sectional study. Suliga E, Koziel D, Ciesla E, Gluszek S. Nutr J. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-015-0045-9.
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet retains effectiveness to reduce blood pressure when lean pork is substituted for chicken and fish as the predominant source of protein. Sayer RD, Wright AJ, Chen N, Campbell WW. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10. 3945/ajcn.115.111757.
The data for this cross-sectional study about dietary patterns that occur in persons with a normal-range body mass index (BMI; calculated as kg/m2) and whether patterns are related with metabolic syndrome risk were obtained as part of the 2010-2012 Polish-Norwegian Study, or PONS project, in Warsaw, Poland. Subjects were selected among men and women, aged 37 to 66 years and living in the Kielecki region, who volunteered to participate. The final sample of participants (n¼2,479) had a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9. In addition to height and weight, subjects’ waist circumference was measured. Additional laboratory measures collected were blood pressure, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Age, education level, residence locale, smoking status, and physical activity level (via Physical Activity Questionnaire) were also recorded. Food consumption data were obtained via a food frequency questionnaire comprising questions about how often they consumed certain portions of specific products in the past year, with food and beverage items classified into 31 food groups. Factor analysis by principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Bartlett’s test of sphericity was performed to eliminate consumed products with weak or no correlation to other products. Number of factors that were responsible for variances was determined based on Kaiser criteria.
Lean meat consumption as part of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has been shown to lower total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reduce blood pressure to clinically normal and prehypertensive ranges. The authors designed this randomized crossover study to compare blood pressure changes in subjects consuming a DASH diet with lean pork vs with chicken and fish as the main protein source. Inclusion criteria were age 21 to 75 years, systolic blood pressure at least 120 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure at least 80 mm Hg, absence of acute illness and diabetes, lack of participation in vigorous exercise regimen within past 3 months, willingness to consume study foods, and no change to hypertension medication type or dosage up to 90 days before and during the study period. The final sample included 19 individuals (13 women, 6 men) who completed assessments over a 2-week pre-intervention period. Subjects were randomly assigned to the pork or chicken and fish intervention for 6 weeks. Following a 4-week washout where subjects consumed their regular diets, preintervention assessments were repeated and subjects were switched to the alternate diet protocol. The controlled DASH diets during both interventions targeted compositions of 55% carbohydrate, 27% fat, and 18% protein (composed of 55% lean pork or chicken
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Order Abstracted Articles at a Discount Did you know you can order the articles listed in New in Review through the Academy? You can for a nominal charge of $10. Simply e-mail a citation from New in Review (eg, Stensland SH, Sobal J. Dietary practices of ballet, jazz, and modern dancers. J Am Diet Assoc. 1992;92(3):319-324) to [email protected]. You will then be sent a link to pay for your article using a credit card. Articles are sent via e-mail and generally arrive within 3 business days.
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FROM THE ACADEMY and fish and 45% dairy, vegetable, and other animal sources); during the intervention period, subjects on the pork diet consumed no chicken or fish, and those on the chicken and fish diet consumed no pork. Blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerol, blood urea nitrogen, and urea urinary nitrogen were measured at multiple points during the pre-intervention and DASH diet periods.
DIABETES Seeing is believing: Using Skype to improve diabetes outcomes in youth. Harris MA, Freeman KA, Duke DC. Diabetes Care. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc14-2469. To determine whether method of delivery of behavioral family systems therapy (BFST) for diabetes affects outcomes in family functioning, regimen adherence, and glycemic control, this clinical trial randomized adolescents (N¼90) with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes (at least 1 year post-diagnosis), along with their caregiver, were randomized to clinicbased, that is, conventional, intervention (n¼44) or videoconference intervention via Skype (n¼46). Participants were aged 12 to 19 years (meanstandard deviation: 15.041.79 years) and comprised 55% males, 87.7% whites, 4.4% Hispanic/Latin American, 1.1% Native American, 1.1% Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and 5.6% multiethnic. They were recruited during scheduled visits at a diabetes clinic, via flyer, or through recommendations from other health professionals. Caregivers, comprising 76.7% mothers, 21.1% fathers, and 2.2% grandmothers, completed demographic and medical surveys, and analogous semistructured interviews regarding diabetes self-management/ regimen adherence were delivered to youth and caregivers. Glycemic control measurements were obtained using hemoglobin A1c assay. Glycemic control and regimen adherence data were obtained pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. Participants in clinic and videoconference interventions received as many as 10 BFST sessions of 1-hour to 1.5-hour duration, delivered by master-level or doctoral-level clinicians in psychology. Data were analyzed using an intent-to-treat approach. Statistical analyses were used to compare demographic and outcome variable differences.
GERONTOLOGY Dehydration in the elderly: A review focused on economic burden. Frangeskou M, Lopez-Valcarcel B, Serra-Majem L. J Nutr. 2015;19(6):619-627. Because of the prevalence of dehydration among elderly patients, the authors 1534
performed a literature review regarding dehydration among hospitalized older adults, with a primary focus on the economic burden of this condition in this population. The authors used keywords “dehydrations/hyponatremia/ hypernatremia,” “cost,” and “elderly” to search for English-language comparative studies in the Pubmed and ISI Web of Science databases from database inception to 2013. The authors evaluated all empirical studies assessing the impact of dehydration on the outcomes of hospitalized elderly patients with a dehydration diagnosis; inclusion was limited to studies wherein the participant population had a mean age older than 60 years and wherein mortality was not the sole reported medical outcome. After review of abstracts, the initial 126 articles retrieved were pared down to 15. The authors use these studies to analyze the medical problem of dehydration; the specific risk factors for dehydration in this population, including the higher rate of chronic illness, medication side effects, and depression; and prevalence of dehydration among elderly individuals. They also analyzed the economic consequences of dehydration in this population, focusing on enumeration of effects, types of costs, the methodology for calculating such costs, and the evidence of the economic burden of dehydration in hospitalized elderly patients.
ONCOLOGY Adherence to cancer prevention recommendations and antioxidant and inflammatory status in premenopausal women. Morimoto Y, Beckford F, Cooney RV, et al. Br J Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ S0007114515001658. The authors of this study sought to determine whether women with a high adherence to lifestyle and nutrition recommendations of the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research would have a better inflammatory biomarker profile and whether body mass index (BMI) and the biomarkers for antioxidant and inflammatory status are related. The authors used baseline data from the Breast, Estrogen, and Nutrition study (or BEAN1, 220 women randomized in a 2-year clinical trial that examine how two daily soya servings affect sex steroids and mammographic density) and the follow-up to that study (BEAN2, a crossover study with 82 subjects). To be eligible for both studies, participants must have had normal mammogram; absence of breast implants; current use of oral contraceptives; previous diagnosis of cancer; intact uterus/ovaries; regular menstruation;
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
and low soya intake. However, BEAN2 required additional criteria regarding nipple aspirate fluid. The final sample included data for 275 women. Food frequency questionnaires completed by participants at baseline were analyzed, as were BMI, serum, and urine sample data for C-reactive protein and serum gammatocopherol measurements (BEAN1), and urinary F2-isoprostane levels (BEAN2). Adherence scores were calculated and classified as low, moderate, or high. Logtransformation of non-normally distributed variables were used to determine P values for trend tests across dietary and lifestyle categories.
PEDIATRIC Impact of adiposity, age, sex and maternal feeding practices on eating in the absence of hunger and caloric compensation in preschool children. Remy E, Issanchou S, Chabanet C, et al. Int J Obes. 2015;39(6):925-930. To determine whether lower energy compensation and higher levels of eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) were affected by a mother’s personal dietary restrictions as well as maternal regulation of children’s emotion or behavior via food and restriction of children’s access to food, the authors conducted a within-subject, three sequential condition study in preschoolers. Participants were children (n¼236) aged 3 to 5 years attending four preschools in Dijon, France, who were provided lunchtime meals in the school’s canteen once each week for 3 weeks. The same meal was served at each study session: a control meal, to measure intake during a typical eating session; a second meal, the energy compensation condition, which was served to the children 30 minutes after being offered an energy-dense preload; and a third meal, the EAH condition, wherein children were offered palatable foods 10 minutes after completing the meal. The meals comprised standard amounts of grated carrots, bolognese lasagna with beef and tomato sauce, semi-soft cheese, white bread, and water. The energy-dense preload given before the energy compensation meal was a chocolate bun; students who could not complete the bun were excluded from data analysis for this condition. After the 10-minute period following the EAH condition, children were offered 10 different foods, including crackers, chips, fresh and dried fruit, and chocolate, while they quietly worked on an art project. The children’s mothers, along with submitting height, weight, employment status, family income, and education level data, completed comprehensive feeding practice questionnaires. September 2015 Volume 115 Number 9
FROM THE ACADEMY POLICY & ADVOCACY Alignment of children’s food advertising with proposed federal guidelines. Hingle MD, Castonguay JS, Ambuel DA, et al. Am J Prev Med. 2015;48(6):707-713. Though the standards for nutritional quality of foods marketed specifically to children, which had been proposed by Interagency Working Group on Foods Marketed to Children (IWG), were never adopted, the authors consider them a credible and legitimate measurement. With “self-regulation” the current tenet of appropriate food marketing to children, the authors analyzed current advertising practices for consistency with the IWG guidelines and analyzed degree of compliance with these guidelines between companies that self-regulate vs those that do not. For a 10-week period in 2013, the authors recorded one episode of all regularly scheduled weekday and Saturday children’s television programming on major broadcast and cable networks between 7 AM and 10 PM. During that time, 354 food and beverage commercials aired during the 55 airtime hours of 103 children’s programs. The researchers used the Nutrition Facts panel and ingredient list for each product to obtain data regarding serving size; calories, micronutrients, and macronutrients per serving; and ingredients by weight. They used the reference amount customarily consumed (RACC) to determine whether each advertised product met or exceeded the saturated fat, trans fat, sugar, and sodium guidelines outlined in IWG’s Principle B, which identifies these nutrients as negatively affecting health and weight and, thus, to be limited. Manufacturer nutrient data, RACC for each product, adjusted nutrient data per RACC, and compliance for each nutrient were used to determine IWG compliance for each advertised product.
PERIODICALS BEHAVIORAL HEALTH
Development of the Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures Survey. Green SH, Glanz K. Am J Prev Med. 2015;49(1):5-61.
BUSINESS & INDUSTRY Trayless cafeterias lead diners to take less salad and relatively more dessert. Wansink B, Just JR. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(9):1535-1536. A critical review of the marketing claims of infant formula products in the United States. Belamarich PF, Bochner RE, Racine AD. Clin Pediatr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 0009922815589913.
CLINICAL NUTRITION Is vitamin B12 deficiency a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in vegetarians? Pawlak R. Am J Prev Med. 2015;48(6):e11-e26. Acute effects of calcium citrate with or without a meal, calcium-fortified juice and a dairy product meal on serum calcium and phosphate: A randomised cross-over trial. Bristow SM, Gamble GD, Stewart A, et al. Br J Nutr. 2015;113(10):1585-1594. Estimated intake and major food sources of flavonoids among US adults: Changes between 1999e2002 and 2007e2010 in NHANES. Kim K, Vance TM, Chun OK. Eur J Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-0942-x. Higher weight in adolescence and young adulthood is associated with an earlier age at multiple sclerosis onset. Kavak KS, Teter BE, Hagemeier J, et al. Mult Scler. 2015;21(7):858-865.
Understanding same-sex male and female partners’ restrained eating in the context of their relationships. Bailey L, Markey CN, Markey PM, et al. J Health Psychol. 2015;20(6):816-827.
Overweight across the life course and adipokines, inflammatory and endothelial markers at age 60e64 years: Evidence from the 1946 birth cohort. Murray ET, Hardy R, Hughes A, et al. Int J Obes. 2015;39(6):1010-1018.
Nutrient-centrism and perceived risk of chronic disease. Schuldt JP, Pearson AR. J Health Psychol. 2015;20(6):899-906.
Dietary amelioration of Helicobacter infection. Fahey JW, Stephenson KK, Wallace AJ. Nutr Res. 2015;35(6):461-473.
September 2015 Volume 115 Number 9
Paleolithic nutrition improves plasma lipid concentrations of hypercholesterolemic adults to a greater extent than traditional heart-healthy dietary recommendations. Patore RL, Brooks JT, Carbone JW. Nutr Res. 2015;35(6):474-479. Effects of interdisciplinary team care interventions on general medical wards: A systematic review. Pannick S, Davis R, Ashrafian H, et al. JAMA Intern Med. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/ jamainternmed.2015.2421. Comparison of interviewer-administered and automated self-administered 24hour dietary recalls in 3 diverse integrated health systems. Thompson FE, Dixit-Joshi S, Potischman N, et al. Am J Epidemiol. 2015;181(12):970-978. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on intestinal permeability, cathelicidin and disease markers in Crohn’s disease: Results from a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study. Raftery T, Martineau AR, Greiller CL, et al. United European Gastroenterol J. 2015;3(3): 294-302. Vitamin D and calcium attenuate bone loss with antiretroviral therapy initiation: A randomized trial. Overton ET, Chan ES, Brown TT, et al. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(12):815-824. Inherited metabolic disorders: Aspects of chronic nutrition management. Boyer SW, Barclay LJ, Burrage LC. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 0884533615586201. The role of dietary cholesterol in lipoprotein metabolism and related metabolic abnormalities: A minireview. Ramezani Kapourchali F, Surendiran G, Goulet A, et al. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015; http://dx. doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2013.842887. Dietary polyphenols against metabolic disorders: How far have we progressed in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of action of these compounds? Garcia-Conesa M-T. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2014. 980499.
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FROM THE ACADEMY Effect on liver enzymes of biliopancreatic diversion: 4 years of follow-up. Aller R, Pacheco D, Izaola O, et al. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;66(2-3):132-136.
Nuts and legume seeds for cardiovascular risk reduction: Scientific evidence and mechanisms of action. Souza RGM, Gomes AC, Naves MMV, Mota JF. Nutr Rev. 2015;73(6):335-347.
Vitamin D3 seems more appropriate than D2 to sustain adequate levels of 25OHD: A pharmacokinetic approach. Oliveri B, Mastaglia SR, Brito GM, et al. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015;69(6):697-702.
Tea and its consumption: Benefits and risks. Hayat K, Iqbal H, Malik U, et al. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015;55(7):939-954.
High intra- and inter-individual variability of plasma vitamin K concentrations in patients with atrial fibrillation under warfarin therapy. Kim Y-E, Woo HI, On YK, et al. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015;69(6):703-706. Dietary modification and supplementation for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Broadhead GK, Grigg JR, Chang AA, McCluskey P. Nutr Rev. 2015;73(7):448-462.
COMMUNICATION/PUBLICATION Alignment of children’s food advertising with proposed federal guidelines. Hingle MD, Castonguay JS, Ambuel DA, et al. Am J Prev Med. 2015;48(6):707-713.
CULINARY Cranberry juice consumption lowers markers of cardiometabolic risk, including blood pressure and circulating c-reactive protein, triglyceride, and glucose concentrations in adults. Novotny, JA, Baer DJ, Khoo C, et al. J Nutr. 2015;145(6):1185-1193. Influence of steeping conditions (time, temperature, and particle size) on antioxidant properties and sensory attributes of some white and green teas. Castiglioni S, Damiani E, Astolfi P, Carloni P. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.31 09/09637486.2015.1042842. Black soybean extract improves lipid profiles in fenofibrate-treated type 2 diabetics with postprandial hyperlipidemia. Kusnoki M, Sato D, Tsutsumi K, et al. J Med Food. 2015;18(6):615-618. 1536
Effects of oatmeal and corn flakes cereal breakfasts on satiety, gastric emptying, glucose, and appetiterelated hormones. Geliebter A, Grillot CL, Aviram-Friedman R, et al. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;66(2-3):93-103. A minireview of effects of green tea on energy expenditure. Turközu D, Acar Tek N. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/104083 98.2014.986672. Impact of 100% fruit juice consumption on diet and weight status of children: An evidence-based review. Crowe-White K, O’Neil CE, Parrott JS, et al. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10. 1080/10408398.2015.1061475.
DIABETES CARE Low health literacy predicts misperceptions of diabetes control in patients with persistently elevated A1c. Ferguson MO, Long JA, Zhu J, et al. Diabetes Educ. 2015;41(3):309-319. Use of and interest in mobile health for diabetes self-care in vulnerable populations. Humble JR, Tolley EA, Krukowski RA, et al. J Telemed Telecare. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10. 1177/1357633X15586641. Follow-up of glycemic control and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. Hayward RA, Reaven PD, Wiitala WL et al. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(23):2197-2206. Non-soya legume-based therapeutic lifestyle change diet reduces inflammatory status in diabetic patients: A randomised cross-over clinical trial. Hosseinpour-Niazi S, Mirmiran P, FallahGhohroudi A, Azizi F. Br J Nutr. 2015; http:// dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515001725.
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
Longitudinal associations of nutritional factors with glycated hemoglobin in youth with type 1 diabetes: The SEARCH Nutrition Ancillary Study. Lamichhane AP, Crandell JL, Jaacks LM, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(6):1278-1285. Effect of low-energy diets differing in fiber, red meat, and coffee intake on cardiac autonomic function in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Ziegler D, Strom A, Nowotny B, et al. Diabetes Care. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc150466. Electronic documentation of lifestyle counseling and glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Hosomura N, Goldberg SI, Shubina M, et al. Diabetes Care. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/ dc14-2016. A review of potential metabolic etiologies of the observed association between red meat consumption and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Kim Y, Keogh J, Clifton P. Metabolism. 2015; 64(7):768-779.
GERONTOLOGY A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): A randomised controlled trial. Ngandu T, Lehtisalo J, Solomon A, et al. Lancet. 2015;385(9984):2225-2263. Enteral nutrition in end of life care: The Jewish Halachic ethics. Greenberger C. Nurs Ethics. 2015;22(4): 440-451. Dietary intakes of fats, fish and nuts and olfactory impairment in older adults. Gopinath B, Sue CM, Flood VM, et al. Br J Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515 001257. Bacterial enteric infections among older adults in the United States: Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 1996-2012. Scallan E, Crim SM, Runkle A, et al. Foodborne Pathogen Dis. 2015;12(6):492-499. September 2015 Volume 115 Number 9
FROM THE ACADEMY The impact of a home-delivered meal program on nutritional risk, dietary intake, food security, loneliness, and social well-being. Wright L, Vance L, Sudduth C, Epps JB. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr. 2015;34(2):218-227. Association of home-delivered meals on daily energy and nutrient intakes: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. An R. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr. 2015;34(2):263-272.
NUTRITION SUPPORT Energy-dense formulae may slow gastric emptying in the critically ill. Kar P, Plummer MP, Chapman MJ, et al. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/0148607115588333. Downstream complications of total parenteral nutrition—The domino effect: A teachable moment. Kuhn SM, Jain R, Moore KM. JAMA Intern Med. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed. 2015.2299. Standardized competencies for parenteral nutrition prescribing: The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Model. Guenter P, Boullata JI, Ayers P, et al. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0884533 615591167. Enteral nutrition in end of life care: The Jewish Halachic ethics. Greenberger C. Nurs Ethics. 2015;22(4):440-451. Oral diets and nutrition support for inflammatory bowel disease: What is the evidence? Shah ND, Parian AM, Mullin GE, Limketkai BN. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/0884533615591059. Can hypocaloric, high-protein nutrition support be used in complicated bariatric patients to promote weight loss? Beebe ML, Crowley N. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0884533615591605. Accurate documentation of malnutrition diagnosis reflects increased healthcare resource utilization. Philips W. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015; http://dx.doi. org/10.1177/0884533615589372. Permissive underfeeding or standard enteral feeding in critically ill adults. Arabi YM, Aldawood AS, Haddad SH, et al. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(25):2398-2408. September 2015 Volume 115 Number 9
Home-based feeding tube weaning: Outline of a new treatment modality for children with long-term feeding tube dependency. Wilken M, Cremer V, Echermeyer S. ICAN. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19414064155 91207.
Child care provider adherence to infant and toddler feeding recommendations: Findings from the Baby Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Child Care (Baby NAP SACC) Study. Blaine RE, Davison KK, Hesketh K, et al. Child Obes. 2015;11(3):304-313.
Enteral nutrition in chronic liver disease: Translating evidence into practice. Hasse JM, DiCecco SR. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088453361559 1058.
Trends of US hospitals distributing infant formula packs to breastfeeding mothers, 2007 to 2013. Nelson JM, Li R, Perrine CG. Pediatrics. 2015;135(6):1051-1056.
A call to action to bring safer parenteral micronutrient products to the U.S. market. Vanek VW, Borum P, Buchman A, et al. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 0884533615589992.
ONCOLOGY The relationship of red meat with cancer: Effects of thermal processing and related physiological mechanisms. Chiang VSC, Quek S-Y. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398. 2014.967833. Dietary changes and dietary supplement use, and underlying motives for these habits reported by colorectal cancer survivors of the Patient Reported Outcomes Following Initial Treatment and Long-Term Evaluation of Survivorship (PROFILES) registry. Bours MJ, Beijer S, Winkels RM, et al. Br J Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515 001798.
PEDIATRIC
Longitudinal associations of nutritional factors with glycated hemoglobin in youth with type 1 diabetes: The SEARCH Nutrition Ancillary Study. Lamichhane AP, Crandell JL, Jaacks LM, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(6):1278-1285. Gut colonization by aerobic microorganisms is associated with route and type of nutrition in premature neonates. Parm U, Metsvaht T, Ilmoja M-L, Lutsar I. Nutr Res. 2015;35(6):496-503. Adherence to vitamin D recommendations among US Infants aged 0 to 11 months, NHANES, 2009 to 2012. Ahrens KA, Rossen LM, Simon AE. Clin Pediatr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00099228155 89916. A critical review of the marketing claims of infant formula products in the United States. Belamarich PF, Bochner RE, Racine AD. Clin Pediatr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000992 2815589913. Infant sleep and night feeding patterns during later infancy: Association with breastfeeding frequency, daytime complementary food intake, and infant weight. Brown A, Harries V. Breastfeed Med. 2015; 10(5):246-252.
Creating rural paediatric obesity through telemedicine vs. telephone: Outcomes from a cluster randomized controlled trial. Davis AM, Sampilo M, Steiger Gallagher K, et al. J Telemed Telecare. 2015; http://dx.doi. org/10.1177/1357633X15586642.
Zinc-fortified oral rehydration solution improved intestinal permeability and small intestinal mucosal recovery. Tran CD, Hawkes J, Graham RD, et al. Clin Pediatr. 2015;54(7):676-682.
Improvements in body satisfaction among obese preadolescent African American Girls after participation in a weight-loss intervention. Lorch Vincent D, Newton A, Hanks LJ, et al. ICAN. 2015;7(3):148-153.
Home-based feeding tube weaning: Outline of a new treatment modality for children with long-term feeding tube dependency. Wilken M, Cremer V, Echermeyer S. ICAN. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941406415591207.
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FROM THE ACADEMY Blood pressure and sodium intake from snacks in adolescents. Ponzo V, Ganzit GP, Soldati L, et al. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015;69(6):681-686. Impact of 100% fruit juice consumption on diet and weight status of children: An evidence-based review. Crowe-White K, O’Neil CE, Parrott JS, et al. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10. 1080/10408398.2015.1061475. Impact of human milk bacteria and oligosaccharides on neonatal gut microbiota establishment and gut health. Jost T, Lacroix C, Braegger C, Chassard C. Nutr Rev. 2015;73(7):426-437.
PUBLIC HEALTH Patterns of food consumption are associated with obesity, self-reported diabetes and cardiovascular disease in five American Indian communities. Trude ACB, Kharmats A, Jock B et al. Ecol Food Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 03670244.2014.922070. Protein Summit 2.0: Evaluating the role of protein in public health. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(6 suppl). Associations between socio-economic status and dietary patterns in US black and white adults. Kell KP, Judd SE, Pearson KE, et al. Br J Nutr. 2015;113(11):1792-1799.
RENAL NUTRITION Association of dietary phosphate and serum phosphorus concentration by levels of kidney function. Moore LW, Nolte JV, Gaber AO, Suki WN. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ ajcn.114.102715.
SPORTS NUTRITION Protein ingestion before sleep increases muscle mass and strength gains during prolonged resistancetype exercise training in healthy young men. Wang H, Ji Y, Wu G, et al. J Nutr. 2015;145(6):1178-1184. September 2015 Volume 115 Number 9
WEIGHT MANAGEMENT
WOMEN’S HEALTH
Weighing in on the Body Knowledge Questionnaire: Initial development and pilot testing. Hernandez DA, Hernandez CA. Diabetes Educ. 2015;41(3):369-376.
Factors that predict the development of hypertension in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Shopen N, Schiff E, Koren-Morag N, et al. Am J Hypertens. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ ajh/hpv073.
Creating rural paediatric obesity through telemedicine vs. telephone: Outcomes from a cluster randomized controlled trial. Davis AM, Sampilo M, Steiger Gallagher K, et al. J Telemed Telecare. 2015; http://dx.doi. org/10.1177/1357633X15586642. Who’s calling for weight loss? A systematic review of mobile phone weight loss programs for adolescents. Wickham CA, Carbone ET. Nutr Rev. 2015; 73(6):386-398. Improvements in body satisfaction among obese preadolescent African American Girls after participation in a weight-loss intervention. Lorch Vincent D, Newton A, Hanks LJ, et al. ICAN. 2015;7(3):148-153. Management of obesity: Improvement of health-care training and systems for prevention and care. Dietz WH, Baur LA, Hall K, et al. Lancet. 2015;385(9986):2521-2533. Effect of the cumin cyminum L. intake on weight loss, metabolic profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress in overweight subjects: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Taghizadeh M, Memarzadeh MR, Asemi Z, Esmaillzadeh A. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015; 66(2-3):117-124. Cost effectiveness of childhood obesity interventions: Evidence and methods for CHOICES. Gortmaker SL, Long MW, Resch SC, et al. Am J Prev Med. 2015;49(1):102-111.
WELLNESS/PREVENTION Management of obesity: Improvement of health-care training and systems for prevention and care. Dietz WH, Baur LA, Hall K, et al. Lancet. 2015;385(9986):2521-2533.
Adherence to cancer prevention recommendations and antioxidant and inflammatory status in premenopausal women. Morimoto Y, Beckford F, Cooney RV, et al. Br J Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515001658. Breastfeeding initiation among macrosomic infants born to obese nondiabetic mothers. Cordero L, Oza-Frank R, Landon MB, Nankervis CA. Breastfeed Med. 2015;10(5):239-245. Infant sleep and night feeding patterns during later infancy: Association with breastfeeding frequency, daytime complementary food intake, and infant weight. Brown A, Harries V. Breastfeed Med. 2015; 10(5):246-252. Daily weight monitoring as a method of weight gain prevention in healthy weight and overweight young adult women. Katterman SN, Butryn ML, Hood MM, Lowe MR. J Health Psyschol. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/1359105315589446. Impact of measuring milk production by test weighing on breastfeeding confidence in mothers of term infants. Kent JC, Hepworth AR, Langton DB, Hartmann PE. Breastfeed Med. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1089/bfm.2015.0025.
PRACTITIONER’S BOOKSHELF
Nutrient Metabolism: Structures, Functions, and Genes, 2nd ed By: Martin Kohlmeier. Atlanta, GA: Elsevier; 2015; $149.95; hardcover; 898 pp; ISBN: 9780123877840. Nutrient Metabolism: Structures, Functions, and Genes, 2nd ed, provides a comprehensive overview of the supply and use of nutrients in the human body and how the
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FROM THE ACADEMY body regulates intake. Chapters detail the principles determining digestion and absorption of food ingredients and how these compounds and their metabolites get into the brain, cross the placenta, and pass through the kidneys. Coverage of each nutrient contains a nutritional summary that describes its function, its food sources, dietary requirements, potential health risks if deficient, and impact of excessive intake. The latest information on the scope of structures, processes, genes, and cofactors involved in maintaining a healthy balance of nutrient supplies, as well as a useful link to dietary supplements, are also included. To order, visit the Elsevier online store at http://bit. ly/1B64ElG.
SITES IN REVIEW These web resources complement research articles published in the September issue of the Journal. Sites in Review Editor: Donna L. Hollinger, MS, RDN, LD Baylor College of Medicine: Children’s Nutrition Research Center https://www.bcm.edu/departments/pediatrics/ sections-divisions-centers/childrens-nutritionresearch-center/ Founded in 1978, the Children’s Nutrition Research Center (CNRC) at Baylor College of Medicine is one of six human nutrition research centers supported by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) nationwide. The aim of Baylor’s CNRC is to determine dietary requirements for pregnancy and lactation, as well as for children from conception until adulthood. Utilizing an interdisciplinary approach, pediatricians, nutrition scientists, plant physiologists, and registered dietitian
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nutritionists collaborate on research projects. Baylor’s CNRCwebsite outlines eight target areas of study. These include the regulation of energy balance and body composition in children; childhood eating behaviors; the developmental origins of obesity, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic diseases of nutritional lineage; and nutrition during pregnancy, lactation, infancy, and childhood. Nutrientegene interactions, absorption/ metabolism of essential mineral nutrients, nutritional regulation of cell and organ growth, as well as phytonutrient biochemistry, physiology, and transport are also part of the center’s current eight research areas. The Research section of the site provides more detailed information pertaining to ongoing research projects. Site users can select research areas of interest to learn more about specific projects. Research faculty is listed for each project along with a brief profile, selected publications, and contact information. The News section of the site contains recent as well as archived issues of the center’s Nutrition and Your Child newsletter dating back to spring 2010. The newsletter is published quarterly and highlights key research finding from CNRC investigators. Baylor College of Medicine news releases focusing on children’s nutrition research are also featured and listed in chronological date order.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Overweight and Obesity http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/index.html The CDC’s Overweight and Obesity website serves as a portal for current data and statistics, strategies, and initiatives, as well as resources pertaining to overweight/obesity prevention and management. The Data and Statistics section provides the latest statistics as well as
historical perspectives for childhood as well as adult obesity. Obesity prevalence rates are reported by race/ethnicity and state. Data are presented in a variety of formats included color-coded maps of the United States, PowerPoint slide presentations, and tables. Site users can also access the Chronic Disease State Tracking system which is a searchable and sortable database containing legislative information regarding nutrition, physical activity, and obesity. Information is available by bill number, date, and congressional sponsor, along with a brief legislation synopsis including the bill’s current status. A number of filter options such as state, health category, policy topic, and legislation status facilitate advanced searches. The website’sHealthy Food Environments section focuses on strategies to build health promoting environments for child care/early education programs, schools, hospitals, worksites, and communities. Emphasis is placed on best practices and evidence-based guidelines. Tools are provided for conducting food environment assessments and creating policies and action plans to support healthful eating. Organizational success stories are shared and celebrated. Prevention strategies and guidelines, reports, and social media tools are found in the Resources & Publications website section. Strategies for increasing physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and breastfeeding at the individual, local, state and national levels are delineated. Annual prevention status reports, available on a national or state-by-state basis, summarize the status of public health policies established to prevent or reduce public health issues in key target areas such as nutrition, physical activity, and obesity. Social media tools to support overweight/obesity prevention and weight management, including badges and buttons, content syndication, podcasts, videos, and widgets, are available for use without charge.
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New in Review
ABSTRACTS BUSINESS & INDUSTRY Is the degree of food processing and convenience linked with the nutritional quality of foods purchased by US households? Poti JM, Mendez MA, Ng SW, Popkin BM. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(6):1251-1262. To investigate the trend of purchases of processed and convenience foods in US households over a 2-year span and to compare the saturated fat, sugar, and sodium content with levels of processing and convenience, the authors used data from a nationally representative, longitudinal study of food and beverage consumer packaged goods, the 2010-2012 Nielsen Homescan Panel. Participating households in the sample were located in 52 metropolitan and 24 nonmetropolitan areas. The study’s open cohort design allowed participants to discontinue participation after 10 consecutive months and allowed new participants to enroll later in the study period to replace those that had dropped out. Annual range of participating households was 34,000 to 62,000; 157,142 unique households participated, contributing data from a total 656,184 shopping trips. A questionnaire was administered to gather data regarding size of household and demographic data. Barcode scanners were used by participating households that were instructed to scan all food and beverage purchases upon returning home from each shopping trip to a supermarket; grocery, mass merchandise, or convenience store; drugstore; or supercenter. Each scanned product was linked to a nutrition facts panel in a database of information regarding energy, saturated fat, total sugar, sodium content, and product packaging information and ingredients. The authors designed a classification system to analyze foods separately on degree of industrial processing and convenience. Trends analysis was used to generate nationally representative estimates that used sampling weights from the Nielsen study and regression models tested linear time trends. Saturated fat, sugar, and sodium content was compared in less-processed and highly processed product purchases. ª 2015 by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
CULINARY
Association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in individuals with normal weight: A cross-sectional study. Suliga E, Koziel D, Ciesla E, Gluszek S. Nutr J. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-015-0045-9.
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet retains effectiveness to reduce blood pressure when lean pork is substituted for chicken and fish as the predominant source of protein. Sayer RD, Wright AJ, Chen N, Campbell WW. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10. 3945/ajcn.115.111757.
The data for this cross-sectional study about dietary patterns that occur in persons with a normal-range body mass index (BMI; calculated as kg/m2) and whether patterns are related with metabolic syndrome risk were obtained as part of the 2010-2012 Polish-Norwegian Study, or PONS project, in Warsaw, Poland. Subjects were selected among men and women, aged 37 to 66 years and living in the Kielecki region, who volunteered to participate. The final sample of participants (n¼2,479) had a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9. In addition to height and weight, subjects’ waist circumference was measured. Additional laboratory measures collected were blood pressure, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Age, education level, residence locale, smoking status, and physical activity level (via Physical Activity Questionnaire) were also recorded. Food consumption data were obtained via a food frequency questionnaire comprising questions about how often they consumed certain portions of specific products in the past year, with food and beverage items classified into 31 food groups. Factor analysis by principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Bartlett’s test of sphericity was performed to eliminate consumed products with weak or no correlation to other products. Number of factors that were responsible for variances was determined based on Kaiser criteria.
Lean meat consumption as part of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has been shown to lower total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reduce blood pressure to clinically normal and prehypertensive ranges. The authors designed this randomized crossover study to compare blood pressure changes in subjects consuming a DASH diet with lean pork vs with chicken and fish as the main protein source. Inclusion criteria were age 21 to 75 years, systolic blood pressure at least 120 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure at least 80 mm Hg, absence of acute illness and diabetes, lack of participation in vigorous exercise regimen within past 3 months, willingness to consume study foods, and no change to hypertension medication type or dosage up to 90 days before and during the study period. The final sample included 19 individuals (13 women, 6 men) who completed assessments over a 2-week pre-intervention period. Subjects were randomly assigned to the pork or chicken and fish intervention for 6 weeks. Following a 4-week washout where subjects consumed their regular diets, preintervention assessments were repeated and subjects were switched to the alternate diet protocol. The controlled DASH diets during both interventions targeted compositions of 55% carbohydrate, 27% fat, and 18% protein (composed of 55% lean pork or chicken
IN THIS ISSUE ABSTRACTS ............................................................................................................................. page PERIODICALS.......................................................................................................................... page PRACTITIONER’S BOOKSHELF ........................................................................................ page SITES IN REVIEW ..........................................................................................page
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Order Abstracted Articles at a Discount Did you know you can order the articles listed in New in Review through the Academy? You can for a nominal charge of $10. Simply e-mail a citation from New in Review (eg, Stensland SH, Sobal J. Dietary practices of ballet, jazz, and modern dancers. J Am Diet Assoc. 1992;92(3):319-324) to [email protected]. You will then be sent a link to pay for your article using a credit card. Articles are sent via e-mail and generally arrive within 3 business days.
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FROM THE ACADEMY and fish and 45% dairy, vegetable, and other animal sources); during the intervention period, subjects on the pork diet consumed no chicken or fish, and those on the chicken and fish diet consumed no pork. Blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerol, blood urea nitrogen, and urea urinary nitrogen were measured at multiple points during the pre-intervention and DASH diet periods.
DIABETES Seeing is believing: Using Skype to improve diabetes outcomes in youth. Harris MA, Freeman KA, Duke DC. Diabetes Care. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc14-2469. To determine whether method of delivery of behavioral family systems therapy (BFST) for diabetes affects outcomes in family functioning, regimen adherence, and glycemic control, this clinical trial randomized adolescents (N¼90) with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes (at least 1 year post-diagnosis), along with their caregiver, were randomized to clinicbased, that is, conventional, intervention (n¼44) or videoconference intervention via Skype (n¼46). Participants were aged 12 to 19 years (meanstandard deviation: 15.041.79 years) and comprised 55% males, 87.7% whites, 4.4% Hispanic/Latin American, 1.1% Native American, 1.1% Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and 5.6% multiethnic. They were recruited during scheduled visits at a diabetes clinic, via flyer, or through recommendations from other health professionals. Caregivers, comprising 76.7% mothers, 21.1% fathers, and 2.2% grandmothers, completed demographic and medical surveys, and analogous semistructured interviews regarding diabetes self-management/ regimen adherence were delivered to youth and caregivers. Glycemic control measurements were obtained using hemoglobin A1c assay. Glycemic control and regimen adherence data were obtained pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. Participants in clinic and videoconference interventions received as many as 10 BFST sessions of 1-hour to 1.5-hour duration, delivered by master-level or doctoral-level clinicians in psychology. Data were analyzed using an intent-to-treat approach. Statistical analyses were used to compare demographic and outcome variable differences.
GERONTOLOGY Dehydration in the elderly: A review focused on economic burden. Frangeskou M, Lopez-Valcarcel B, Serra-Majem L. J Nutr. 2015;19(6):619-627. Because of the prevalence of dehydration among elderly patients, the authors 1534
performed a literature review regarding dehydration among hospitalized older adults, with a primary focus on the economic burden of this condition in this population. The authors used keywords “dehydrations/hyponatremia/ hypernatremia,” “cost,” and “elderly” to search for English-language comparative studies in the Pubmed and ISI Web of Science databases from database inception to 2013. The authors evaluated all empirical studies assessing the impact of dehydration on the outcomes of hospitalized elderly patients with a dehydration diagnosis; inclusion was limited to studies wherein the participant population had a mean age older than 60 years and wherein mortality was not the sole reported medical outcome. After review of abstracts, the initial 126 articles retrieved were pared down to 15. The authors use these studies to analyze the medical problem of dehydration; the specific risk factors for dehydration in this population, including the higher rate of chronic illness, medication side effects, and depression; and prevalence of dehydration among elderly individuals. They also analyzed the economic consequences of dehydration in this population, focusing on enumeration of effects, types of costs, the methodology for calculating such costs, and the evidence of the economic burden of dehydration in hospitalized elderly patients.
ONCOLOGY Adherence to cancer prevention recommendations and antioxidant and inflammatory status in premenopausal women. Morimoto Y, Beckford F, Cooney RV, et al. Br J Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ S0007114515001658. The authors of this study sought to determine whether women with a high adherence to lifestyle and nutrition recommendations of the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research would have a better inflammatory biomarker profile and whether body mass index (BMI) and the biomarkers for antioxidant and inflammatory status are related. The authors used baseline data from the Breast, Estrogen, and Nutrition study (or BEAN1, 220 women randomized in a 2-year clinical trial that examine how two daily soya servings affect sex steroids and mammographic density) and the follow-up to that study (BEAN2, a crossover study with 82 subjects). To be eligible for both studies, participants must have had normal mammogram; absence of breast implants; current use of oral contraceptives; previous diagnosis of cancer; intact uterus/ovaries; regular menstruation;
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and low soya intake. However, BEAN2 required additional criteria regarding nipple aspirate fluid. The final sample included data for 275 women. Food frequency questionnaires completed by participants at baseline were analyzed, as were BMI, serum, and urine sample data for C-reactive protein and serum gammatocopherol measurements (BEAN1), and urinary F2-isoprostane levels (BEAN2). Adherence scores were calculated and classified as low, moderate, or high. Logtransformation of non-normally distributed variables were used to determine P values for trend tests across dietary and lifestyle categories.
PEDIATRIC Impact of adiposity, age, sex and maternal feeding practices on eating in the absence of hunger and caloric compensation in preschool children. Remy E, Issanchou S, Chabanet C, et al. Int J Obes. 2015;39(6):925-930. To determine whether lower energy compensation and higher levels of eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) were affected by a mother’s personal dietary restrictions as well as maternal regulation of children’s emotion or behavior via food and restriction of children’s access to food, the authors conducted a within-subject, three sequential condition study in preschoolers. Participants were children (n¼236) aged 3 to 5 years attending four preschools in Dijon, France, who were provided lunchtime meals in the school’s canteen once each week for 3 weeks. The same meal was served at each study session: a control meal, to measure intake during a typical eating session; a second meal, the energy compensation condition, which was served to the children 30 minutes after being offered an energy-dense preload; and a third meal, the EAH condition, wherein children were offered palatable foods 10 minutes after completing the meal. The meals comprised standard amounts of grated carrots, bolognese lasagna with beef and tomato sauce, semi-soft cheese, white bread, and water. The energy-dense preload given before the energy compensation meal was a chocolate bun; students who could not complete the bun were excluded from data analysis for this condition. After the 10-minute period following the EAH condition, children were offered 10 different foods, including crackers, chips, fresh and dried fruit, and chocolate, while they quietly worked on an art project. The children’s mothers, along with submitting height, weight, employment status, family income, and education level data, completed comprehensive feeding practice questionnaires. September 2015 Volume 115 Number 9
FROM THE ACADEMY POLICY & ADVOCACY Alignment of children’s food advertising with proposed federal guidelines. Hingle MD, Castonguay JS, Ambuel DA, et al. Am J Prev Med. 2015;48(6):707-713. Though the standards for nutritional quality of foods marketed specifically to children, which had been proposed by Interagency Working Group on Foods Marketed to Children (IWG), were never adopted, the authors consider them a credible and legitimate measurement. With “self-regulation” the current tenet of appropriate food marketing to children, the authors analyzed current advertising practices for consistency with the IWG guidelines and analyzed degree of compliance with these guidelines between companies that self-regulate vs those that do not. For a 10-week period in 2013, the authors recorded one episode of all regularly scheduled weekday and Saturday children’s television programming on major broadcast and cable networks between 7 AM and 10 PM. During that time, 354 food and beverage commercials aired during the 55 airtime hours of 103 children’s programs. The researchers used the Nutrition Facts panel and ingredient list for each product to obtain data regarding serving size; calories, micronutrients, and macronutrients per serving; and ingredients by weight. They used the reference amount customarily consumed (RACC) to determine whether each advertised product met or exceeded the saturated fat, trans fat, sugar, and sodium guidelines outlined in IWG’s Principle B, which identifies these nutrients as negatively affecting health and weight and, thus, to be limited. Manufacturer nutrient data, RACC for each product, adjusted nutrient data per RACC, and compliance for each nutrient were used to determine IWG compliance for each advertised product.
PERIODICALS BEHAVIORAL HEALTH
Development of the Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures Survey. Green SH, Glanz K. Am J Prev Med. 2015;49(1):5-61.
BUSINESS & INDUSTRY Trayless cafeterias lead diners to take less salad and relatively more dessert. Wansink B, Just JR. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(9):1535-1536. A critical review of the marketing claims of infant formula products in the United States. Belamarich PF, Bochner RE, Racine AD. Clin Pediatr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 0009922815589913.
CLINICAL NUTRITION Is vitamin B12 deficiency a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in vegetarians? Pawlak R. Am J Prev Med. 2015;48(6):e11-e26. Acute effects of calcium citrate with or without a meal, calcium-fortified juice and a dairy product meal on serum calcium and phosphate: A randomised cross-over trial. Bristow SM, Gamble GD, Stewart A, et al. Br J Nutr. 2015;113(10):1585-1594. Estimated intake and major food sources of flavonoids among US adults: Changes between 1999e2002 and 2007e2010 in NHANES. Kim K, Vance TM, Chun OK. Eur J Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-0942-x. Higher weight in adolescence and young adulthood is associated with an earlier age at multiple sclerosis onset. Kavak KS, Teter BE, Hagemeier J, et al. Mult Scler. 2015;21(7):858-865.
Understanding same-sex male and female partners’ restrained eating in the context of their relationships. Bailey L, Markey CN, Markey PM, et al. J Health Psychol. 2015;20(6):816-827.
Overweight across the life course and adipokines, inflammatory and endothelial markers at age 60e64 years: Evidence from the 1946 birth cohort. Murray ET, Hardy R, Hughes A, et al. Int J Obes. 2015;39(6):1010-1018.
Nutrient-centrism and perceived risk of chronic disease. Schuldt JP, Pearson AR. J Health Psychol. 2015;20(6):899-906.
Dietary amelioration of Helicobacter infection. Fahey JW, Stephenson KK, Wallace AJ. Nutr Res. 2015;35(6):461-473.
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Paleolithic nutrition improves plasma lipid concentrations of hypercholesterolemic adults to a greater extent than traditional heart-healthy dietary recommendations. Patore RL, Brooks JT, Carbone JW. Nutr Res. 2015;35(6):474-479. Effects of interdisciplinary team care interventions on general medical wards: A systematic review. Pannick S, Davis R, Ashrafian H, et al. JAMA Intern Med. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/ jamainternmed.2015.2421. Comparison of interviewer-administered and automated self-administered 24hour dietary recalls in 3 diverse integrated health systems. Thompson FE, Dixit-Joshi S, Potischman N, et al. Am J Epidemiol. 2015;181(12):970-978. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on intestinal permeability, cathelicidin and disease markers in Crohn’s disease: Results from a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study. Raftery T, Martineau AR, Greiller CL, et al. United European Gastroenterol J. 2015;3(3): 294-302. Vitamin D and calcium attenuate bone loss with antiretroviral therapy initiation: A randomized trial. Overton ET, Chan ES, Brown TT, et al. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(12):815-824. Inherited metabolic disorders: Aspects of chronic nutrition management. Boyer SW, Barclay LJ, Burrage LC. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 0884533615586201. The role of dietary cholesterol in lipoprotein metabolism and related metabolic abnormalities: A minireview. Ramezani Kapourchali F, Surendiran G, Goulet A, et al. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015; http://dx. doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2013.842887. Dietary polyphenols against metabolic disorders: How far have we progressed in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of action of these compounds? Garcia-Conesa M-T. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2014. 980499.
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FROM THE ACADEMY Effect on liver enzymes of biliopancreatic diversion: 4 years of follow-up. Aller R, Pacheco D, Izaola O, et al. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;66(2-3):132-136.
Nuts and legume seeds for cardiovascular risk reduction: Scientific evidence and mechanisms of action. Souza RGM, Gomes AC, Naves MMV, Mota JF. Nutr Rev. 2015;73(6):335-347.
Vitamin D3 seems more appropriate than D2 to sustain adequate levels of 25OHD: A pharmacokinetic approach. Oliveri B, Mastaglia SR, Brito GM, et al. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015;69(6):697-702.
Tea and its consumption: Benefits and risks. Hayat K, Iqbal H, Malik U, et al. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015;55(7):939-954.
High intra- and inter-individual variability of plasma vitamin K concentrations in patients with atrial fibrillation under warfarin therapy. Kim Y-E, Woo HI, On YK, et al. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015;69(6):703-706. Dietary modification and supplementation for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Broadhead GK, Grigg JR, Chang AA, McCluskey P. Nutr Rev. 2015;73(7):448-462.
COMMUNICATION/PUBLICATION Alignment of children’s food advertising with proposed federal guidelines. Hingle MD, Castonguay JS, Ambuel DA, et al. Am J Prev Med. 2015;48(6):707-713.
CULINARY Cranberry juice consumption lowers markers of cardiometabolic risk, including blood pressure and circulating c-reactive protein, triglyceride, and glucose concentrations in adults. Novotny, JA, Baer DJ, Khoo C, et al. J Nutr. 2015;145(6):1185-1193. Influence of steeping conditions (time, temperature, and particle size) on antioxidant properties and sensory attributes of some white and green teas. Castiglioni S, Damiani E, Astolfi P, Carloni P. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.31 09/09637486.2015.1042842. Black soybean extract improves lipid profiles in fenofibrate-treated type 2 diabetics with postprandial hyperlipidemia. Kusnoki M, Sato D, Tsutsumi K, et al. J Med Food. 2015;18(6):615-618. 1536
Effects of oatmeal and corn flakes cereal breakfasts on satiety, gastric emptying, glucose, and appetiterelated hormones. Geliebter A, Grillot CL, Aviram-Friedman R, et al. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;66(2-3):93-103. A minireview of effects of green tea on energy expenditure. Turközu D, Acar Tek N. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/104083 98.2014.986672. Impact of 100% fruit juice consumption on diet and weight status of children: An evidence-based review. Crowe-White K, O’Neil CE, Parrott JS, et al. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10. 1080/10408398.2015.1061475.
DIABETES CARE Low health literacy predicts misperceptions of diabetes control in patients with persistently elevated A1c. Ferguson MO, Long JA, Zhu J, et al. Diabetes Educ. 2015;41(3):309-319. Use of and interest in mobile health for diabetes self-care in vulnerable populations. Humble JR, Tolley EA, Krukowski RA, et al. J Telemed Telecare. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10. 1177/1357633X15586641. Follow-up of glycemic control and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. Hayward RA, Reaven PD, Wiitala WL et al. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(23):2197-2206. Non-soya legume-based therapeutic lifestyle change diet reduces inflammatory status in diabetic patients: A randomised cross-over clinical trial. Hosseinpour-Niazi S, Mirmiran P, FallahGhohroudi A, Azizi F. Br J Nutr. 2015; http:// dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515001725.
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Longitudinal associations of nutritional factors with glycated hemoglobin in youth with type 1 diabetes: The SEARCH Nutrition Ancillary Study. Lamichhane AP, Crandell JL, Jaacks LM, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(6):1278-1285. Effect of low-energy diets differing in fiber, red meat, and coffee intake on cardiac autonomic function in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Ziegler D, Strom A, Nowotny B, et al. Diabetes Care. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc150466. Electronic documentation of lifestyle counseling and glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Hosomura N, Goldberg SI, Shubina M, et al. Diabetes Care. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/ dc14-2016. A review of potential metabolic etiologies of the observed association between red meat consumption and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Kim Y, Keogh J, Clifton P. Metabolism. 2015; 64(7):768-779.
GERONTOLOGY A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): A randomised controlled trial. Ngandu T, Lehtisalo J, Solomon A, et al. Lancet. 2015;385(9984):2225-2263. Enteral nutrition in end of life care: The Jewish Halachic ethics. Greenberger C. Nurs Ethics. 2015;22(4): 440-451. Dietary intakes of fats, fish and nuts and olfactory impairment in older adults. Gopinath B, Sue CM, Flood VM, et al. Br J Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515 001257. Bacterial enteric infections among older adults in the United States: Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 1996-2012. Scallan E, Crim SM, Runkle A, et al. Foodborne Pathogen Dis. 2015;12(6):492-499. September 2015 Volume 115 Number 9
FROM THE ACADEMY The impact of a home-delivered meal program on nutritional risk, dietary intake, food security, loneliness, and social well-being. Wright L, Vance L, Sudduth C, Epps JB. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr. 2015;34(2):218-227. Association of home-delivered meals on daily energy and nutrient intakes: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. An R. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr. 2015;34(2):263-272.
NUTRITION SUPPORT Energy-dense formulae may slow gastric emptying in the critically ill. Kar P, Plummer MP, Chapman MJ, et al. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/0148607115588333. Downstream complications of total parenteral nutrition—The domino effect: A teachable moment. Kuhn SM, Jain R, Moore KM. JAMA Intern Med. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed. 2015.2299. Standardized competencies for parenteral nutrition prescribing: The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Model. Guenter P, Boullata JI, Ayers P, et al. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0884533 615591167. Enteral nutrition in end of life care: The Jewish Halachic ethics. Greenberger C. Nurs Ethics. 2015;22(4):440-451. Oral diets and nutrition support for inflammatory bowel disease: What is the evidence? Shah ND, Parian AM, Mullin GE, Limketkai BN. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/0884533615591059. Can hypocaloric, high-protein nutrition support be used in complicated bariatric patients to promote weight loss? Beebe ML, Crowley N. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0884533615591605. Accurate documentation of malnutrition diagnosis reflects increased healthcare resource utilization. Philips W. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015; http://dx.doi. org/10.1177/0884533615589372. Permissive underfeeding or standard enteral feeding in critically ill adults. Arabi YM, Aldawood AS, Haddad SH, et al. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(25):2398-2408. September 2015 Volume 115 Number 9
Home-based feeding tube weaning: Outline of a new treatment modality for children with long-term feeding tube dependency. Wilken M, Cremer V, Echermeyer S. ICAN. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19414064155 91207.
Child care provider adherence to infant and toddler feeding recommendations: Findings from the Baby Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Child Care (Baby NAP SACC) Study. Blaine RE, Davison KK, Hesketh K, et al. Child Obes. 2015;11(3):304-313.
Enteral nutrition in chronic liver disease: Translating evidence into practice. Hasse JM, DiCecco SR. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088453361559 1058.
Trends of US hospitals distributing infant formula packs to breastfeeding mothers, 2007 to 2013. Nelson JM, Li R, Perrine CG. Pediatrics. 2015;135(6):1051-1056.
A call to action to bring safer parenteral micronutrient products to the U.S. market. Vanek VW, Borum P, Buchman A, et al. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 0884533615589992.
ONCOLOGY The relationship of red meat with cancer: Effects of thermal processing and related physiological mechanisms. Chiang VSC, Quek S-Y. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398. 2014.967833. Dietary changes and dietary supplement use, and underlying motives for these habits reported by colorectal cancer survivors of the Patient Reported Outcomes Following Initial Treatment and Long-Term Evaluation of Survivorship (PROFILES) registry. Bours MJ, Beijer S, Winkels RM, et al. Br J Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515 001798.
PEDIATRIC
Longitudinal associations of nutritional factors with glycated hemoglobin in youth with type 1 diabetes: The SEARCH Nutrition Ancillary Study. Lamichhane AP, Crandell JL, Jaacks LM, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(6):1278-1285. Gut colonization by aerobic microorganisms is associated with route and type of nutrition in premature neonates. Parm U, Metsvaht T, Ilmoja M-L, Lutsar I. Nutr Res. 2015;35(6):496-503. Adherence to vitamin D recommendations among US Infants aged 0 to 11 months, NHANES, 2009 to 2012. Ahrens KA, Rossen LM, Simon AE. Clin Pediatr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00099228155 89916. A critical review of the marketing claims of infant formula products in the United States. Belamarich PF, Bochner RE, Racine AD. Clin Pediatr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000992 2815589913. Infant sleep and night feeding patterns during later infancy: Association with breastfeeding frequency, daytime complementary food intake, and infant weight. Brown A, Harries V. Breastfeed Med. 2015; 10(5):246-252.
Creating rural paediatric obesity through telemedicine vs. telephone: Outcomes from a cluster randomized controlled trial. Davis AM, Sampilo M, Steiger Gallagher K, et al. J Telemed Telecare. 2015; http://dx.doi. org/10.1177/1357633X15586642.
Zinc-fortified oral rehydration solution improved intestinal permeability and small intestinal mucosal recovery. Tran CD, Hawkes J, Graham RD, et al. Clin Pediatr. 2015;54(7):676-682.
Improvements in body satisfaction among obese preadolescent African American Girls after participation in a weight-loss intervention. Lorch Vincent D, Newton A, Hanks LJ, et al. ICAN. 2015;7(3):148-153.
Home-based feeding tube weaning: Outline of a new treatment modality for children with long-term feeding tube dependency. Wilken M, Cremer V, Echermeyer S. ICAN. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941406415591207.
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FROM THE ACADEMY Blood pressure and sodium intake from snacks in adolescents. Ponzo V, Ganzit GP, Soldati L, et al. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015;69(6):681-686. Impact of 100% fruit juice consumption on diet and weight status of children: An evidence-based review. Crowe-White K, O’Neil CE, Parrott JS, et al. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10. 1080/10408398.2015.1061475. Impact of human milk bacteria and oligosaccharides on neonatal gut microbiota establishment and gut health. Jost T, Lacroix C, Braegger C, Chassard C. Nutr Rev. 2015;73(7):426-437.
PUBLIC HEALTH Patterns of food consumption are associated with obesity, self-reported diabetes and cardiovascular disease in five American Indian communities. Trude ACB, Kharmats A, Jock B et al. Ecol Food Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 03670244.2014.922070. Protein Summit 2.0: Evaluating the role of protein in public health. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(6 suppl). Associations between socio-economic status and dietary patterns in US black and white adults. Kell KP, Judd SE, Pearson KE, et al. Br J Nutr. 2015;113(11):1792-1799.
RENAL NUTRITION Association of dietary phosphate and serum phosphorus concentration by levels of kidney function. Moore LW, Nolte JV, Gaber AO, Suki WN. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ ajcn.114.102715.
SPORTS NUTRITION Protein ingestion before sleep increases muscle mass and strength gains during prolonged resistancetype exercise training in healthy young men. Wang H, Ji Y, Wu G, et al. J Nutr. 2015;145(6):1178-1184. September 2015 Volume 115 Number 9
WEIGHT MANAGEMENT
WOMEN’S HEALTH
Weighing in on the Body Knowledge Questionnaire: Initial development and pilot testing. Hernandez DA, Hernandez CA. Diabetes Educ. 2015;41(3):369-376.
Factors that predict the development of hypertension in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Shopen N, Schiff E, Koren-Morag N, et al. Am J Hypertens. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ ajh/hpv073.
Creating rural paediatric obesity through telemedicine vs. telephone: Outcomes from a cluster randomized controlled trial. Davis AM, Sampilo M, Steiger Gallagher K, et al. J Telemed Telecare. 2015; http://dx.doi. org/10.1177/1357633X15586642. Who’s calling for weight loss? A systematic review of mobile phone weight loss programs for adolescents. Wickham CA, Carbone ET. Nutr Rev. 2015; 73(6):386-398. Improvements in body satisfaction among obese preadolescent African American Girls after participation in a weight-loss intervention. Lorch Vincent D, Newton A, Hanks LJ, et al. ICAN. 2015;7(3):148-153. Management of obesity: Improvement of health-care training and systems for prevention and care. Dietz WH, Baur LA, Hall K, et al. Lancet. 2015;385(9986):2521-2533. Effect of the cumin cyminum L. intake on weight loss, metabolic profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress in overweight subjects: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Taghizadeh M, Memarzadeh MR, Asemi Z, Esmaillzadeh A. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015; 66(2-3):117-124. Cost effectiveness of childhood obesity interventions: Evidence and methods for CHOICES. Gortmaker SL, Long MW, Resch SC, et al. Am J Prev Med. 2015;49(1):102-111.
WELLNESS/PREVENTION Management of obesity: Improvement of health-care training and systems for prevention and care. Dietz WH, Baur LA, Hall K, et al. Lancet. 2015;385(9986):2521-2533.
Adherence to cancer prevention recommendations and antioxidant and inflammatory status in premenopausal women. Morimoto Y, Beckford F, Cooney RV, et al. Br J Nutr. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515001658. Breastfeeding initiation among macrosomic infants born to obese nondiabetic mothers. Cordero L, Oza-Frank R, Landon MB, Nankervis CA. Breastfeed Med. 2015;10(5):239-245. Infant sleep and night feeding patterns during later infancy: Association with breastfeeding frequency, daytime complementary food intake, and infant weight. Brown A, Harries V. Breastfeed Med. 2015; 10(5):246-252. Daily weight monitoring as a method of weight gain prevention in healthy weight and overweight young adult women. Katterman SN, Butryn ML, Hood MM, Lowe MR. J Health Psyschol. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/1359105315589446. Impact of measuring milk production by test weighing on breastfeeding confidence in mothers of term infants. Kent JC, Hepworth AR, Langton DB, Hartmann PE. Breastfeed Med. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1089/bfm.2015.0025.
PRACTITIONER’S BOOKSHELF
Nutrient Metabolism: Structures, Functions, and Genes, 2nd ed By: Martin Kohlmeier. Atlanta, GA: Elsevier; 2015; $149.95; hardcover; 898 pp; ISBN: 9780123877840. Nutrient Metabolism: Structures, Functions, and Genes, 2nd ed, provides a comprehensive overview of the supply and use of nutrients in the human body and how the
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FROM THE ACADEMY body regulates intake. Chapters detail the principles determining digestion and absorption of food ingredients and how these compounds and their metabolites get into the brain, cross the placenta, and pass through the kidneys. Coverage of each nutrient contains a nutritional summary that describes its function, its food sources, dietary requirements, potential health risks if deficient, and impact of excessive intake. The latest information on the scope of structures, processes, genes, and cofactors involved in maintaining a healthy balance of nutrient supplies, as well as a useful link to dietary supplements, are also included. To order, visit the Elsevier online store at http://bit. ly/1B64ElG.
SITES IN REVIEW These web resources complement research articles published in the September issue of the Journal. Sites in Review Editor: Donna L. Hollinger, MS, RDN, LD Baylor College of Medicine: Children’s Nutrition Research Center https://www.bcm.edu/departments/pediatrics/ sections-divisions-centers/childrens-nutritionresearch-center/ Founded in 1978, the Children’s Nutrition Research Center (CNRC) at Baylor College of Medicine is one of six human nutrition research centers supported by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) nationwide. The aim of Baylor’s CNRC is to determine dietary requirements for pregnancy and lactation, as well as for children from conception until adulthood. Utilizing an interdisciplinary approach, pediatricians, nutrition scientists, plant physiologists, and registered dietitian
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nutritionists collaborate on research projects. Baylor’s CNRCwebsite outlines eight target areas of study. These include the regulation of energy balance and body composition in children; childhood eating behaviors; the developmental origins of obesity, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic diseases of nutritional lineage; and nutrition during pregnancy, lactation, infancy, and childhood. Nutrientegene interactions, absorption/ metabolism of essential mineral nutrients, nutritional regulation of cell and organ growth, as well as phytonutrient biochemistry, physiology, and transport are also part of the center’s current eight research areas. The Research section of the site provides more detailed information pertaining to ongoing research projects. Site users can select research areas of interest to learn more about specific projects. Research faculty is listed for each project along with a brief profile, selected publications, and contact information. The News section of the site contains recent as well as archived issues of the center’s Nutrition and Your Child newsletter dating back to spring 2010. The newsletter is published quarterly and highlights key research finding from CNRC investigators. Baylor College of Medicine news releases focusing on children’s nutrition research are also featured and listed in chronological date order.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Overweight and Obesity http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/index.html The CDC’s Overweight and Obesity website serves as a portal for current data and statistics, strategies, and initiatives, as well as resources pertaining to overweight/obesity prevention and management. The Data and Statistics section provides the latest statistics as well as
historical perspectives for childhood as well as adult obesity. Obesity prevalence rates are reported by race/ethnicity and state. Data are presented in a variety of formats included color-coded maps of the United States, PowerPoint slide presentations, and tables. Site users can also access the Chronic Disease State Tracking system which is a searchable and sortable database containing legislative information regarding nutrition, physical activity, and obesity. Information is available by bill number, date, and congressional sponsor, along with a brief legislation synopsis including the bill’s current status. A number of filter options such as state, health category, policy topic, and legislation status facilitate advanced searches. The website’sHealthy Food Environments section focuses on strategies to build health promoting environments for child care/early education programs, schools, hospitals, worksites, and communities. Emphasis is placed on best practices and evidence-based guidelines. Tools are provided for conducting food environment assessments and creating policies and action plans to support healthful eating. Organizational success stories are shared and celebrated. Prevention strategies and guidelines, reports, and social media tools are found in the Resources & Publications website section. Strategies for increasing physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and breastfeeding at the individual, local, state and national levels are delineated. Annual prevention status reports, available on a national or state-by-state basis, summarize the status of public health policies established to prevent or reduce public health issues in key target areas such as nutrition, physical activity, and obesity. Social media tools to support overweight/obesity prevention and weight management, including badges and buttons, content syndication, podcasts, videos, and widgets, are available for use without charge.
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