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Some ethnic and regional studies journals of the Philippines
SOME ETHNIC AND REGIONAL STUDIES
Jota
ALS OF
THE
PIHLIPPINES
1
Lee S. Dutton
The Philippines is a nation of geographic and cultural diversity. According to a report of the National Statistics Office, there are 7,100 islands (4,327 of these unnamed) in the archipelago. Two islands (Luzon and Mindanao) jointly comprise 65 percent of the nation's land area, while nine islands in the Visayan region (Samar, Negros, Palawan, Panay, Mindoro, Leyte, Cebu, Bohol, and Masbate) account for most of the remaining territory of this insular nation.
Languages and Ethnicity
Dutton is librarian, Hart Southeast Asia Collection, Northern Illinois University Libraries, DeKalb, Illinois.
Language and dialect affiliations are important aspects of Philippine society. Curtis McFarland has noted the special importance of Cebuano, Tagalog, Ilokano, and Hiligaynon as widely encountered first or second languages. The geographic distribution of numerous secondary or "minor" languages and dialects is described in the same source. 2 The geographic and linguistic diversity of the Philippines is paralleled by the diversity of its ethnic and cultural groups. Among major ethnic groups are the Tagalogs, Cebuanos, Hilongos, Warays, Ilocanos, Bicolanos, Pangasinense, andPampangos. Less numerous, but also important, are Muslim Filipinos and Philippine Chinese. The ethnic Chinese are scattered throughout the nation, while Muslim groups are concentrated in Mindanao and the south. The sometimes animist peoples who are collectively described as the
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cultural minorities are found in many regions, from Luzon to Mindanao. For administrative purposes, the nation is organized into twelve regions, which reflect factors of proximity as well as language and culture. These are Ilocos, Cagayan Valley, Central Luzon, Southern Tagalog, Bicol, Western Visayas, Central Visayas, Eastern Visayas, Western Mindanao, Northern Mindanao, Southern Mindanao, and Central Mindanao. The key units of local government are provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays. The barangay is the basic unit of local government. According to recent information, 74 provinces, 57 cities, 1,488 municipalities, and 41,800 barangays are involved in local government activities. Metro Manila has separate status as the National Capitol Region (NCR). There are also two officially constituted autonomous regions, the Cordillera (Luzon), and Southern Mindanao. The autonomous regions reflect problems of the cultural minorities in the Cordillera, as well as continuing cultural and political demands of Muslim populations in the south.
Ethnic and Regional Studies Journals Over several decades, a variety of scholarly Philippine ethnic and regional studies journals have appeared. Sixteen of these journals have been identified in this literature review. Journals have been selected for inclusion on the basis of scope, the quality of content, and availability. Articles in these journal publications frequently offer a wealth of cultural, ethnographic, historical, or linguistic information on the peoples of a particular region or area of the Philippines. With the exception of Sulu Studies and the University of Baguio Journal, the journals cited here are published on a continuing, if not always current, basis. Budgetary shortfalls, staffing difficulties, or other problems tend to delay or interrupt Philippine scholarly journal publication schedules. Quarterly journals may actually appear only once or twice per year, and issues or volumes may be published in other than sequential order. Some journals, such as Danyag, have later resumed publication after a prolonged period of inactivity. Most of the journals listed here are affiliated with and supported, in full or in part, by academic sponsors-often regional universities or colleges. Four of these journals (Aghamtao, Philippine Quarterly of Culture & Society, Saint Louis University Research Journal, and Silliman Journal) are primarily national or general in scope. Three periodicals with a northern Luzon emphasis (llocos Review, Journal of Northern Luzon, and 24
SEeaALSREVIEW
University of BaguioJournal) have been identified. The Bicol region of southern Luzon is represented in the Nueva Caceres Review. The Visayan islands are highlighted in Danyag, Leyte-Samar Studies, and Kinaadman. Mindanao is a special focus of Kinaadman, Dansalan Quarterly, Mindanao Journal, Northwestern Mindanao Research Journal, and Tambara. The Sulu islands are the subject of Sulu Studies, an annual that has not been published since 1975. The Silliman Journal was first published at Dumaguete City in 1954, while Tambara first came to light at Davao ~ity as recently as 1984. Cultures of the Christianized lowland peoples of the Philippines are represented in the llocos Review, which gives emphasis to Ilocano culture, and in Leyte-Samar Studies, which focuses on Visayan culture. Some of the journals reviewed here reflect religious (especially Catholic or Muslim) perspectives. Dansalan Quarterly, published by the Gowing Memorial Research Center in Marawi City, gives frequent attention to Christian-Muslim relations, with emphasis on the southern Philippines. The Muslim culture of the southern Philippines is also reflected in the Mindanao Journal and in other journals with a southern regional orientation. Printings are usually small. A recent issue of the Journal of Northern Luzon had a press run of 500 copies, 300 of which were sent to paid subscribers. Only 200 copies of a recent issue of the Northwestern Mindanao Research Journal were published, all of these distributed on a non-priced basis. Several Philippine journal subscription rates have increased sharply in recent years, although rates for certain journals remain less than $10 U.S. per year. Journal references in the following pages are arranged in six broad geographic groups: Philippines (General), Northern Luzon, Southern Luzon (Bicol), Southern Philippines, Visayas, and Mindanao and Sulu. Descriptive information is based on a review of journal holdings in selected American libraries, together with responses to inquiries sent to several Philippine journal editors and librarians? REGION: PHILIPPINES (GENERAL)
Aghamtao Frequency: Annual (varies). First published: v. 1, no. 1 (December 1978). Most recent issue: v. 5/6 (1982/83). Publisher: Ugnayang Pang-Aghamtao (UGAT), Inc.
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Address: The Editor Aghamtao c/o Department of Anthropology Palma Hall University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. Annual subscription: U.S. $30; 80 pesos (varies). Scope: Official publication of the Ugnayang Pang-Aghamtao, Inc. Regional emphasis: All regions of the Philippines. Aghamtao has been published by the Anthropological Association of the Philippines (Ugnayang Pang-Aghamtao [UGAT]) since 1978. 4 The initial six volumes of Aghamtao present selected papers from annual conferences of the UGAT. Thisjournal contains mainly anthropological papers by Filipino authors. Articles by non-Philippine authors or articles on non-Philippine topics have been published occasionally. Aghamtao has been published on a continuing, although less than fully current, basis.
Saint Louis University PO Box 71 Baguio City, 2600 Philippines. Annual subscription: U.S. $44.95; 98.25 pesos. Scope: "An interdisciplinaryjournal in the sciences and the humanities." Regional emphasis: General.
The Saint Louis University Research Journal is described as the officiall journal of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of the university. Articles on a broad range of topics and academic disciplines are authored by students and faculty of the Graduate School. Articles on Philippine ethnic groups, local history, and related social science topics have been published occasionally along with contributions on many other subjects. The Saint Louis University Research Journal is the successor to the Saint Louis Quarterly, published at Baguio City between 1963 and 1969. Silliman Journal
Philippine Quarterly of Culture & Society Frequency: Quarterly. First published: v. 1, no. 1 (March 1973). Recent issue: v. 17, no. 3 (September 1989). Address: Philippine Quarterly of Culture & Society San Carlos Publications University of San Carlos Cebu City 640I, Philippines. Annual subscription: U.S. $15 (individual subscribers in countries except Southeast Asia); 125 pesos. Scope: Philippine culture and society. Regional emphasis: All regions of the Philippines. Articles in this journal usually concern an aspect of Philippine culture or society, and studies in the fields of history and anthropology are very well represented. This is one of the more carefully edited and regular of Philippine scholarly serials and presents research findings concerning all ethnic groups and regions of the Philippines. The late Fr. Rudolf Rahmann, SVD, was founding editor. Fr. Joseph Baumgartner, SVD, served as managing editor from 1973-1976, and has been editor of the journal since 1977.
Frequency: Quarterly (varies). First published: v. 1, no. 1 (January 1954). Recent issue: v, 34, nos. 1-4 (1987). Address: Silliman Journal Silliman University Dumaguete City, Philippines. Annual subscription: U.S. $12; Dumaguete City 50 pesos; other Philippine 75 pesos. Scope: "A quarterly devoted to discussion and investigation in the humanities and the sciences." Regional emphasis: General, but some emphasis is given to the Visayas including Negros and Cebu. The Silliman Journal has been published continuously at Silliman University in Dumaguete City (Negros) since 1954. This journal presents articles on a broad range of topics, Philippine as well as non-Philippine, by both local and foreign contributors. Numerous articles on Negros, Cebu, and the Visayan region have been published here. A special issue on Negrito Studies on Negros Island was published in volume 30. REGION: NORTHERN LUZON
Saint Louis University Research Journal llocos Review
Frequency: Semi-annual (varies). First published: v. I, no. 1 (March 1970). Recent issue: v. 20, no. 1 (June 1989). Address: Saint Louis University Research Journal Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Frequency: Annual (varies). First published: v. 1, no. 1 (January-June 1969). Recent issue: v. 20 (1988).
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Publisher: SVD Colleges and Schools of Northern Luzon. Address: Ilocos Review Divine Word College Bangued, Abra, Philippines Annual subscription: U.S. $10; 100 pesos. Scope: "Dedicated to the preservation and promotion of Ilocano and Northern Luzon culture, history, literature, language, and encouragement of local theological reflection." Regional emphasis: Northern Luzon, especially Ilocos. The Ilocos Review, now in its twentieth year of publication, is affiliated with the SVD Colleges and Schools of Northern Luzon. Editorial emphasis is upon Ilocano culture, while articles on other peoples of northern Luzon are also presented. Articles on church history, missions, or theology arepublished occasionally. Journal of Northern Luzon Frequency: Semi-annual. First published: v. 1, no. 1 (July 1970). Recent issue noted: v. 14, nos. 1-2 (July 1983-January 1984). Address: Journal of Northern Luzon Saint Mary's College of Bayombong Nueva Vizcaya 1501, Philippines. Annual Subscription: U.S. $15; 60 pesos. Scope: "The Journal publishes researches in the fields of culture, education', and sciences." Regional emphasis: Northern Luzon. The Journal of Northern Luzon has been published at St. Mary's College of Bayombong since 1970. Major attention is given to articles on ethnic groups of northern Luzon, including the Bontoc, Gaddang, Ifugao, and others. Special issues include Godfrey Lambrecht's Survivals of the Ancient Gaddang Animistic Religion, [v. 1, no. 1]. University of Baguio Journal; Research Papers on Problems of Education and on Ethnic Cultures in Northern Luzon Frequency: Now ceased; previously issued semi-annually. First published: v. 4, no. 2 (July-December 1969). Most recent issue: v. 15, no. 1 (January-June 1981). Publisher: University of Baguio Baguio City, Philippines. Scope: "To encourage research on the culture of the different ethnic groups of the Northern Luzon Cordillera area and on problems 26
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regarding education especially in Northern Luzon." Regional emphasis: The Cordillera area of northern Luzon. This journal was published from July 1969 until June 1981. Major emphasis was given to pedagogical and related topics. An additional area of specialization was the history and culture of the Cordillera. This journal continued the 'Baguio Tech Journal, v. 1 to v. 4, no. 1 (1966-June 1969). REGION: SOUTHERN LUZON (BICOL) Nueva C a c e r e s R e v i e w
Frequency: Semi-annual. First published: v. 1, no. 1 (probably 1979). Recent issue: v. 11, no. 2 (March 1989). Publisher: School of Graduate Studies and Research University of Nueva Caceres. Address: Nueva Caceres Review University of Nueva Caceres Jaime Hernandez Ave. Naga City, Philippines 4400. Annual subscription: No price indicated. Scope." "An interdisciplinary publication..." Regional emphasis: Bicol region of southern Luzon. Although now in its eleventh year, the Nueva Caceres Review is available in few U.S. libraries. Many, but not all, contributors are associates of the University of Nueva Caceres. Recent issues include articles on a variety of Bicol topics. Among these are Anunciacion R. Orobia's "Eighty Bicol versions of Juan Osong." REGION: SOUTHERN PHILLIPINES
Kinaadman (Wisdom); A Journal of the Southern Philippines Frequency: Annual until 1983 (varies). First published: v. 1 (1979). Recent issue: v. 11 (1989). Publishers: Xavier University (Cagayan de Oro City) Ateneo de Naga (Naga City) Ateneo de Zamboanga (Zamboanga City) Philippines Distributor: Bookmark Inc. P.O. Box 1171 Manila, Philippines United States Distributor: Cellar Book Shop 18090 Wyoming Ave. Detroit, Michigan 48221 --
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Annual subscription: U.S. $7; 75 pesos (varies). Scope: "The word 'Kina-adman' is Cebuano Visayan meaning both wisdom and knowledge. The vinta (a familiar feature in southern Philippine seas) bears on its sail the letter k in the old Philippine alphabet." Regional emphasis: Southern Philippines, Mindanao. Kinaadmanis one ofthenewer Philippine journals with a regional emphasis. It is published jointly by the Ateneo de Naga in Naga City (southern Luzon) and by two Mindanao institutions: Xavier University in Cagayan de Oro City and Ateneo de Zamboanga in Zamboanga City. Major editorial emphasis is given to the southern Philippines and many articles on Mindanao-related topics have been published. The title Kinaadman is taken from a Cebuano term, and the Visayan region is well-represented in article selections. REGION: VISAYAS
Leyte-Samar Studies Frequency: Semi-annual (varies). First published: v. 1, no. 1 (1967). Recent issue: v. 21, no. 1/2 (1987). Address: Leyte-Samar Studies Graduate School Divine Word University of Tacloban Tacloban City, Philippines. Annual subscription: U.S. $5; 90 pesos. Regionalemphasis: Leyte and Samar (eastern Visayas). Emphasis is given to articles concerning the cultures of the eastern Visayas. Special issues are published occasionally, among these Fr. Richard Arens' Folk Practices and Beliefs of Leyte and Samar, [v. 5]; and Archaeology of the Sohoton Area, Southwestern Samar, Philippines, [v. 6, no. 2]. Recent volumes have been distributed approximately three years later than the printed issue date.
Danyag: Journal of Studies in the Humanities, Education and the Sciences, Basic and Applied
REGION: MINDANAO AND SULU Oan dan
Quarterly
Frequency: Semi-annual (varies). First published: v. 1, no. 1 (June 1976). Recent issue: v. 4, no. 1 (June 1988). Address: Danyag College of Arts and Sciences University of the Philippines in the Visayas Iloilo City, 5000, Philippines. Annual subscription: Non-priced distribution. Scope: "Danyag is the U.P. [University of the Philippines] in the Visayas, College of Arts and Sciences journal of studies in the humanities and sciences, basic and applied, with emphasis on Visayan life and culture. Danyag is a West Visayas vernacular term for landscape: danyag is boundless." Regional emphasis: Western Visayas.
Frequency: Quarterly (varies). First published: v. 1, no. 1 (October 1979). Recent issue: v. 10, nos. 1-2 (October 1988-January 1989). Address: Dansalan Quarterly Gowing Memorial Research Center Dansalan College Foundation, Inc. Marawi City, 9700, Philippines. Annual subscription: U.S. $10; 100 pesos. Regional emphasis: Articles on the Muslim regions of Mindanao and Sulu, on "Muslim Filipinos or Christian-Muslim relations." Special attention is given to the Maranao peoples of Mindanao.
Danyag has been published at the College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines in the Visayas since 1976. Contributions in a variety of academic fields have been published here, and special attention is given to the western Visayas region. Many contributors are members of the faculty of the University of the Philippines in the Visayas (Iloilo City). A four-year lapse in publication occurred between v. 1, no. 2 and v. 1, no. 3. Danyag has been published more regularly in recent years.
The Dansalan Quarterly was first published at the Dansalan Research Center, Dansalan College in Marawi City, Mindanao, in 1979. This journal superseded several prior publications of the Dansalan Research Center: Occasional Papers, Research Bulletin, DRC Reports, and BibliographicalBulletin. Major attention is given to Mindanao, Sulu, and the Muslim peoples of the Philippines. Special issues include Moctar I. Matuan's The Maranao Migrants in Metro Manila, [v. 6, no. 2]. The late Dr. Peter Gowing played a key role in the development of Dansalan Quarterly from its beginnings until his death in 1983.
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Mindanao Journal Frequency: Varies. First published: v. 1, no. 1 (July-September 1974). Recent issue noted: v. 14, nos. 1-4 (July t987-June I988). Annual subscription: U.S. $6; pesos (varies). Publisher: University Research Center Mindanao State University Marawi City, 9014, Philippines. Address: Mindanao Journal PO Box 5594 Iligan City, 8801, Philippines. Scope: "A multi-disciplinary quarterly..." Regional emphasis: Mindanao. Most, but not all, contributors are faculty or associates of the University Research Center or of Mindanao State University. Major emphasis is given to the Muslim peoples of Mindanao and to aspects of Muslim-Christian relations in the Philippines. Budgetary or other constraints have caused this valuable journal to be published very irregularly. Although v. 14 is now available, some previous issues (v. 9, 11, 12, and 13) had notbeen printed (as of late 1989) dueto budgetary shortfalls. Occasional special issues have been pubIished.
Northwestern Mindanao Research Journal Frequency: Annual (varies). First published: v. 1, no. 1 (1974-75). Recent issue: v. 12 (1986-87). Address: Northwestern Mindanao Research Journal Graduate School Immaculate Conception College Ozamiz City, Philippines. Annual subscription: Non,priced distribution. Scope: Seeks "to make the region better known, both to itself and to the rest of the Philippines." Regional emphasis: Northwestern Mindanao. Twelve issues of this somewhat slender annual have been published at Ozamiz City since 1974. ~ e journal includes ethnographic studies on the Maguindanaos, Subanons, and other regional groups.
Sulu Studies Frequency: Now ceased; previously annual. Published: 1972-1975. Publisher: Coordinated Investigation of Sulu Culture Notre Dame of Jolo College Jolo, Sulu, Philippines. 28
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Scope: Peoples of the Sulu archipelago, including the Tausug, Yakan, and Samal. Regional emphasis: Sulu archipelago. Four annual volumes of Sulu Studies were published by the Coordinated Investigation of Sulu Culture between 1972 and 1975. The initial three volumes include a variety of articles on Sulu peoples, with particular attention to the Tausug, Samal, Yakan, and other groups of the southern archipelago. The fourth (and final) volume of Sulu Studies was published as the Tausug-English Dictionary = Kabtangan iban Maana. This special volume, issued in 1975, was a joint publication of the Coordinated Investigation of Sulu Culture (Jolo, Sulu) and the Summer Institute of Linguistics (Manila).
Tambara; Ateneo de Davao University Journal Frequency: Annual (varies). First published: v. 1, no. 1 (March 1984). Recent issue: v. 5 (1988). Address: Tambara Ateneo de Davao University PO Box 13 Davao City, 8000, Philippines. Annual subscription: U.S. $7; 70 pesos. Scope: "Tambara" is a Bagobo word referring to a "white dish containing betel nut. This is an offering to Eugpamolak Manobo, besought to drive away the evil spirits, keep the workers in good health, allow an abundant crop, and make the owners rich and happy." Regional emphasis; The Davao region of southern Mindanao. Tambara has been published at the Jesuit Ateneo de Davao University (Davao City, Mindanao) since 1984. Five volumes have been published to date. This well-produced annual gives special emphasis to articles on the Davao region of Mindanao. In keeping with its title, Tambara includes a number of articles on the Bagobo people as well as articles on other regions and peoples of Mindanao. NOTES 1. The author acknowledgeswith thanks the helpful advice or assistance of Chades R. Bryant, Yale University Library, Prudenciana C. Cruz, PhilippineNationalLibrary, and Shiro Saito, University of Hawaii Library. Preparation of this article was completed in May 1990. Information concerning cited Philippine journals was the most current available to the author on that date. (continued on page 37)
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CARL h ~ begun to address this issue of cooperative resource sharing by establishing the COLA (Colorado Organization for Acquisitions) group. The COLA group, comprised of library administrators responsible for collection development, expects to examine cooperative purchases among the six-member institutions. The CARL council has charged the committee with the responsibility "to investigate and implement central purchasing, coordinated acquisition decisions, coordinated cancellationdecisions, and other mechanisms and structures to improve the cost effective acquisition and delivery of the collective serials resources." In addition, the committee is charged with the responsibility to "coordinate the acquisition or provision of access to databases and services beyond the bibliographic catalogs. ,,a That is, the committee is looking at mounting database indexes and abstracts (ERIC, Wilson indexes, Medline, and others) and reference sources (dictionaries, thesauri, and world almanacs) onto the CARL system. Conclusion
from 11,540 in 1984 to 22,196 in 1989 during the first five years of the CARL system. This represents a 92 percent increase in Interlibrary Loan requests. During the same period, circulation figures rose from 80,417 to 139,274 checked out items, an increase of 73 percent. The increase in both areas is significantly attributed to the availability and improved access of CARL member holdings to all users of the CARL system. The UnCover database is the most current online article retrieval system available to library users today. It is expected that both periodicals and Interlibrary Loan use will show a steady increase in the next five years. As the system rapidly develops, it will surely set the standards for other systems to emulate. Through UnCover, CARL has taken a big step in the development of article access for the 1990s. NOTES 1. "LookingBack...More Than a Decadeof Cooperation," On CARL (July/August 1988): 1.
As the CARL online system grows, there will be a greater demand for more terminals and printers, and greater use of library resources. As students have acquired the ability to look at online catalogs of other institutions, there has been a steady increase in the use of Interlibrary Loan. Statistics at the University of Northern Colorado for processed transactions increased
2. Pitkin, Gary, ~Accessto Articles Through the Online Catalog,~AmericanLibraries 19, no. 9 (October 1988): 76970.
(continued from page 28) 2. Curtis D. McFarland, A Linguistic Atlas of the Philippines ([Manila?]: Linguistic Society of the Philippines, 1981).
cited here are indexed in v. 26, no. 1 of this publication. Shiro Saito ' sPhilippine Ethnography; A Critically Annotated and Selected Bibliography (Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1972) provides extensive access to journal articles published prior to 1972. No comprehensive and cumulated index to articles on Philippine ethnography or related Philippine social science topics is presently available, however.
3. Indexing of Philippine journals is often less than fully satisfactory. A recent (1984) volume of the Bibliography of Asian Studies does index articles from twelve of the fourteen current journals listed here. The Index to Philippine Periodicals recently resumed publication after a period of inactivity. Four journals
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3. "COLACommittee Charge." (Unpublished, CARL, Denver, Colorado, 1989).
4. The title of this publication was spelled with a hyphen (Agham-Tao) in its initial volumes.
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Jota
ALS OF
THE
PIHLIPPINES
1
Lee S. Dutton
The Philippines is a nation of geographic and cultural diversity. According to a report of the National Statistics Office, there are 7,100 islands (4,327 of these unnamed) in the archipelago. Two islands (Luzon and Mindanao) jointly comprise 65 percent of the nation's land area, while nine islands in the Visayan region (Samar, Negros, Palawan, Panay, Mindoro, Leyte, Cebu, Bohol, and Masbate) account for most of the remaining territory of this insular nation.
Languages and Ethnicity
Dutton is librarian, Hart Southeast Asia Collection, Northern Illinois University Libraries, DeKalb, Illinois.
Language and dialect affiliations are important aspects of Philippine society. Curtis McFarland has noted the special importance of Cebuano, Tagalog, Ilokano, and Hiligaynon as widely encountered first or second languages. The geographic distribution of numerous secondary or "minor" languages and dialects is described in the same source. 2 The geographic and linguistic diversity of the Philippines is paralleled by the diversity of its ethnic and cultural groups. Among major ethnic groups are the Tagalogs, Cebuanos, Hilongos, Warays, Ilocanos, Bicolanos, Pangasinense, andPampangos. Less numerous, but also important, are Muslim Filipinos and Philippine Chinese. The ethnic Chinese are scattered throughout the nation, while Muslim groups are concentrated in Mindanao and the south. The sometimes animist peoples who are collectively described as the
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cultural minorities are found in many regions, from Luzon to Mindanao. For administrative purposes, the nation is organized into twelve regions, which reflect factors of proximity as well as language and culture. These are Ilocos, Cagayan Valley, Central Luzon, Southern Tagalog, Bicol, Western Visayas, Central Visayas, Eastern Visayas, Western Mindanao, Northern Mindanao, Southern Mindanao, and Central Mindanao. The key units of local government are provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays. The barangay is the basic unit of local government. According to recent information, 74 provinces, 57 cities, 1,488 municipalities, and 41,800 barangays are involved in local government activities. Metro Manila has separate status as the National Capitol Region (NCR). There are also two officially constituted autonomous regions, the Cordillera (Luzon), and Southern Mindanao. The autonomous regions reflect problems of the cultural minorities in the Cordillera, as well as continuing cultural and political demands of Muslim populations in the south.
Ethnic and Regional Studies Journals Over several decades, a variety of scholarly Philippine ethnic and regional studies journals have appeared. Sixteen of these journals have been identified in this literature review. Journals have been selected for inclusion on the basis of scope, the quality of content, and availability. Articles in these journal publications frequently offer a wealth of cultural, ethnographic, historical, or linguistic information on the peoples of a particular region or area of the Philippines. With the exception of Sulu Studies and the University of Baguio Journal, the journals cited here are published on a continuing, if not always current, basis. Budgetary shortfalls, staffing difficulties, or other problems tend to delay or interrupt Philippine scholarly journal publication schedules. Quarterly journals may actually appear only once or twice per year, and issues or volumes may be published in other than sequential order. Some journals, such as Danyag, have later resumed publication after a prolonged period of inactivity. Most of the journals listed here are affiliated with and supported, in full or in part, by academic sponsors-often regional universities or colleges. Four of these journals (Aghamtao, Philippine Quarterly of Culture & Society, Saint Louis University Research Journal, and Silliman Journal) are primarily national or general in scope. Three periodicals with a northern Luzon emphasis (llocos Review, Journal of Northern Luzon, and 24
SEeaALSREVIEW
University of BaguioJournal) have been identified. The Bicol region of southern Luzon is represented in the Nueva Caceres Review. The Visayan islands are highlighted in Danyag, Leyte-Samar Studies, and Kinaadman. Mindanao is a special focus of Kinaadman, Dansalan Quarterly, Mindanao Journal, Northwestern Mindanao Research Journal, and Tambara. The Sulu islands are the subject of Sulu Studies, an annual that has not been published since 1975. The Silliman Journal was first published at Dumaguete City in 1954, while Tambara first came to light at Davao ~ity as recently as 1984. Cultures of the Christianized lowland peoples of the Philippines are represented in the llocos Review, which gives emphasis to Ilocano culture, and in Leyte-Samar Studies, which focuses on Visayan culture. Some of the journals reviewed here reflect religious (especially Catholic or Muslim) perspectives. Dansalan Quarterly, published by the Gowing Memorial Research Center in Marawi City, gives frequent attention to Christian-Muslim relations, with emphasis on the southern Philippines. The Muslim culture of the southern Philippines is also reflected in the Mindanao Journal and in other journals with a southern regional orientation. Printings are usually small. A recent issue of the Journal of Northern Luzon had a press run of 500 copies, 300 of which were sent to paid subscribers. Only 200 copies of a recent issue of the Northwestern Mindanao Research Journal were published, all of these distributed on a non-priced basis. Several Philippine journal subscription rates have increased sharply in recent years, although rates for certain journals remain less than $10 U.S. per year. Journal references in the following pages are arranged in six broad geographic groups: Philippines (General), Northern Luzon, Southern Luzon (Bicol), Southern Philippines, Visayas, and Mindanao and Sulu. Descriptive information is based on a review of journal holdings in selected American libraries, together with responses to inquiries sent to several Philippine journal editors and librarians? REGION: PHILIPPINES (GENERAL)
Aghamtao Frequency: Annual (varies). First published: v. 1, no. 1 (December 1978). Most recent issue: v. 5/6 (1982/83). Publisher: Ugnayang Pang-Aghamtao (UGAT), Inc.
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Address: The Editor Aghamtao c/o Department of Anthropology Palma Hall University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. Annual subscription: U.S. $30; 80 pesos (varies). Scope: Official publication of the Ugnayang Pang-Aghamtao, Inc. Regional emphasis: All regions of the Philippines. Aghamtao has been published by the Anthropological Association of the Philippines (Ugnayang Pang-Aghamtao [UGAT]) since 1978. 4 The initial six volumes of Aghamtao present selected papers from annual conferences of the UGAT. Thisjournal contains mainly anthropological papers by Filipino authors. Articles by non-Philippine authors or articles on non-Philippine topics have been published occasionally. Aghamtao has been published on a continuing, although less than fully current, basis.
Saint Louis University PO Box 71 Baguio City, 2600 Philippines. Annual subscription: U.S. $44.95; 98.25 pesos. Scope: "An interdisciplinaryjournal in the sciences and the humanities." Regional emphasis: General.
The Saint Louis University Research Journal is described as the officiall journal of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of the university. Articles on a broad range of topics and academic disciplines are authored by students and faculty of the Graduate School. Articles on Philippine ethnic groups, local history, and related social science topics have been published occasionally along with contributions on many other subjects. The Saint Louis University Research Journal is the successor to the Saint Louis Quarterly, published at Baguio City between 1963 and 1969. Silliman Journal
Philippine Quarterly of Culture & Society Frequency: Quarterly. First published: v. 1, no. 1 (March 1973). Recent issue: v. 17, no. 3 (September 1989). Address: Philippine Quarterly of Culture & Society San Carlos Publications University of San Carlos Cebu City 640I, Philippines. Annual subscription: U.S. $15 (individual subscribers in countries except Southeast Asia); 125 pesos. Scope: Philippine culture and society. Regional emphasis: All regions of the Philippines. Articles in this journal usually concern an aspect of Philippine culture or society, and studies in the fields of history and anthropology are very well represented. This is one of the more carefully edited and regular of Philippine scholarly serials and presents research findings concerning all ethnic groups and regions of the Philippines. The late Fr. Rudolf Rahmann, SVD, was founding editor. Fr. Joseph Baumgartner, SVD, served as managing editor from 1973-1976, and has been editor of the journal since 1977.
Frequency: Quarterly (varies). First published: v. 1, no. 1 (January 1954). Recent issue: v, 34, nos. 1-4 (1987). Address: Silliman Journal Silliman University Dumaguete City, Philippines. Annual subscription: U.S. $12; Dumaguete City 50 pesos; other Philippine 75 pesos. Scope: "A quarterly devoted to discussion and investigation in the humanities and the sciences." Regional emphasis: General, but some emphasis is given to the Visayas including Negros and Cebu. The Silliman Journal has been published continuously at Silliman University in Dumaguete City (Negros) since 1954. This journal presents articles on a broad range of topics, Philippine as well as non-Philippine, by both local and foreign contributors. Numerous articles on Negros, Cebu, and the Visayan region have been published here. A special issue on Negrito Studies on Negros Island was published in volume 30. REGION: NORTHERN LUZON
Saint Louis University Research Journal llocos Review
Frequency: Semi-annual (varies). First published: v. I, no. 1 (March 1970). Recent issue: v. 20, no. 1 (June 1989). Address: Saint Louis University Research Journal Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Frequency: Annual (varies). First published: v. 1, no. 1 (January-June 1969). Recent issue: v. 20 (1988).
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Publisher: SVD Colleges and Schools of Northern Luzon. Address: Ilocos Review Divine Word College Bangued, Abra, Philippines Annual subscription: U.S. $10; 100 pesos. Scope: "Dedicated to the preservation and promotion of Ilocano and Northern Luzon culture, history, literature, language, and encouragement of local theological reflection." Regional emphasis: Northern Luzon, especially Ilocos. The Ilocos Review, now in its twentieth year of publication, is affiliated with the SVD Colleges and Schools of Northern Luzon. Editorial emphasis is upon Ilocano culture, while articles on other peoples of northern Luzon are also presented. Articles on church history, missions, or theology arepublished occasionally. Journal of Northern Luzon Frequency: Semi-annual. First published: v. 1, no. 1 (July 1970). Recent issue noted: v. 14, nos. 1-2 (July 1983-January 1984). Address: Journal of Northern Luzon Saint Mary's College of Bayombong Nueva Vizcaya 1501, Philippines. Annual Subscription: U.S. $15; 60 pesos. Scope: "The Journal publishes researches in the fields of culture, education', and sciences." Regional emphasis: Northern Luzon. The Journal of Northern Luzon has been published at St. Mary's College of Bayombong since 1970. Major attention is given to articles on ethnic groups of northern Luzon, including the Bontoc, Gaddang, Ifugao, and others. Special issues include Godfrey Lambrecht's Survivals of the Ancient Gaddang Animistic Religion, [v. 1, no. 1]. University of Baguio Journal; Research Papers on Problems of Education and on Ethnic Cultures in Northern Luzon Frequency: Now ceased; previously issued semi-annually. First published: v. 4, no. 2 (July-December 1969). Most recent issue: v. 15, no. 1 (January-June 1981). Publisher: University of Baguio Baguio City, Philippines. Scope: "To encourage research on the culture of the different ethnic groups of the Northern Luzon Cordillera area and on problems 26
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regarding education especially in Northern Luzon." Regional emphasis: The Cordillera area of northern Luzon. This journal was published from July 1969 until June 1981. Major emphasis was given to pedagogical and related topics. An additional area of specialization was the history and culture of the Cordillera. This journal continued the 'Baguio Tech Journal, v. 1 to v. 4, no. 1 (1966-June 1969). REGION: SOUTHERN LUZON (BICOL) Nueva C a c e r e s R e v i e w
Frequency: Semi-annual. First published: v. 1, no. 1 (probably 1979). Recent issue: v. 11, no. 2 (March 1989). Publisher: School of Graduate Studies and Research University of Nueva Caceres. Address: Nueva Caceres Review University of Nueva Caceres Jaime Hernandez Ave. Naga City, Philippines 4400. Annual subscription: No price indicated. Scope." "An interdisciplinary publication..." Regional emphasis: Bicol region of southern Luzon. Although now in its eleventh year, the Nueva Caceres Review is available in few U.S. libraries. Many, but not all, contributors are associates of the University of Nueva Caceres. Recent issues include articles on a variety of Bicol topics. Among these are Anunciacion R. Orobia's "Eighty Bicol versions of Juan Osong." REGION: SOUTHERN PHILLIPINES
Kinaadman (Wisdom); A Journal of the Southern Philippines Frequency: Annual until 1983 (varies). First published: v. 1 (1979). Recent issue: v. 11 (1989). Publishers: Xavier University (Cagayan de Oro City) Ateneo de Naga (Naga City) Ateneo de Zamboanga (Zamboanga City) Philippines Distributor: Bookmark Inc. P.O. Box 1171 Manila, Philippines United States Distributor: Cellar Book Shop 18090 Wyoming Ave. Detroit, Michigan 48221 --
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Annual subscription: U.S. $7; 75 pesos (varies). Scope: "The word 'Kina-adman' is Cebuano Visayan meaning both wisdom and knowledge. The vinta (a familiar feature in southern Philippine seas) bears on its sail the letter k in the old Philippine alphabet." Regional emphasis: Southern Philippines, Mindanao. Kinaadmanis one ofthenewer Philippine journals with a regional emphasis. It is published jointly by the Ateneo de Naga in Naga City (southern Luzon) and by two Mindanao institutions: Xavier University in Cagayan de Oro City and Ateneo de Zamboanga in Zamboanga City. Major editorial emphasis is given to the southern Philippines and many articles on Mindanao-related topics have been published. The title Kinaadman is taken from a Cebuano term, and the Visayan region is well-represented in article selections. REGION: VISAYAS
Leyte-Samar Studies Frequency: Semi-annual (varies). First published: v. 1, no. 1 (1967). Recent issue: v. 21, no. 1/2 (1987). Address: Leyte-Samar Studies Graduate School Divine Word University of Tacloban Tacloban City, Philippines. Annual subscription: U.S. $5; 90 pesos. Regionalemphasis: Leyte and Samar (eastern Visayas). Emphasis is given to articles concerning the cultures of the eastern Visayas. Special issues are published occasionally, among these Fr. Richard Arens' Folk Practices and Beliefs of Leyte and Samar, [v. 5]; and Archaeology of the Sohoton Area, Southwestern Samar, Philippines, [v. 6, no. 2]. Recent volumes have been distributed approximately three years later than the printed issue date.
Danyag: Journal of Studies in the Humanities, Education and the Sciences, Basic and Applied
REGION: MINDANAO AND SULU Oan dan
Quarterly
Frequency: Semi-annual (varies). First published: v. 1, no. 1 (June 1976). Recent issue: v. 4, no. 1 (June 1988). Address: Danyag College of Arts and Sciences University of the Philippines in the Visayas Iloilo City, 5000, Philippines. Annual subscription: Non-priced distribution. Scope: "Danyag is the U.P. [University of the Philippines] in the Visayas, College of Arts and Sciences journal of studies in the humanities and sciences, basic and applied, with emphasis on Visayan life and culture. Danyag is a West Visayas vernacular term for landscape: danyag is boundless." Regional emphasis: Western Visayas.
Frequency: Quarterly (varies). First published: v. 1, no. 1 (October 1979). Recent issue: v. 10, nos. 1-2 (October 1988-January 1989). Address: Dansalan Quarterly Gowing Memorial Research Center Dansalan College Foundation, Inc. Marawi City, 9700, Philippines. Annual subscription: U.S. $10; 100 pesos. Regional emphasis: Articles on the Muslim regions of Mindanao and Sulu, on "Muslim Filipinos or Christian-Muslim relations." Special attention is given to the Maranao peoples of Mindanao.
Danyag has been published at the College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines in the Visayas since 1976. Contributions in a variety of academic fields have been published here, and special attention is given to the western Visayas region. Many contributors are members of the faculty of the University of the Philippines in the Visayas (Iloilo City). A four-year lapse in publication occurred between v. 1, no. 2 and v. 1, no. 3. Danyag has been published more regularly in recent years.
The Dansalan Quarterly was first published at the Dansalan Research Center, Dansalan College in Marawi City, Mindanao, in 1979. This journal superseded several prior publications of the Dansalan Research Center: Occasional Papers, Research Bulletin, DRC Reports, and BibliographicalBulletin. Major attention is given to Mindanao, Sulu, and the Muslim peoples of the Philippines. Special issues include Moctar I. Matuan's The Maranao Migrants in Metro Manila, [v. 6, no. 2]. The late Dr. Peter Gowing played a key role in the development of Dansalan Quarterly from its beginnings until his death in 1983.
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Mindanao Journal Frequency: Varies. First published: v. 1, no. 1 (July-September 1974). Recent issue noted: v. 14, nos. 1-4 (July t987-June I988). Annual subscription: U.S. $6; pesos (varies). Publisher: University Research Center Mindanao State University Marawi City, 9014, Philippines. Address: Mindanao Journal PO Box 5594 Iligan City, 8801, Philippines. Scope: "A multi-disciplinary quarterly..." Regional emphasis: Mindanao. Most, but not all, contributors are faculty or associates of the University Research Center or of Mindanao State University. Major emphasis is given to the Muslim peoples of Mindanao and to aspects of Muslim-Christian relations in the Philippines. Budgetary or other constraints have caused this valuable journal to be published very irregularly. Although v. 14 is now available, some previous issues (v. 9, 11, 12, and 13) had notbeen printed (as of late 1989) dueto budgetary shortfalls. Occasional special issues have been pubIished.
Northwestern Mindanao Research Journal Frequency: Annual (varies). First published: v. 1, no. 1 (1974-75). Recent issue: v. 12 (1986-87). Address: Northwestern Mindanao Research Journal Graduate School Immaculate Conception College Ozamiz City, Philippines. Annual subscription: Non,priced distribution. Scope: Seeks "to make the region better known, both to itself and to the rest of the Philippines." Regional emphasis: Northwestern Mindanao. Twelve issues of this somewhat slender annual have been published at Ozamiz City since 1974. ~ e journal includes ethnographic studies on the Maguindanaos, Subanons, and other regional groups.
Sulu Studies Frequency: Now ceased; previously annual. Published: 1972-1975. Publisher: Coordinated Investigation of Sulu Culture Notre Dame of Jolo College Jolo, Sulu, Philippines. 28
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Scope: Peoples of the Sulu archipelago, including the Tausug, Yakan, and Samal. Regional emphasis: Sulu archipelago. Four annual volumes of Sulu Studies were published by the Coordinated Investigation of Sulu Culture between 1972 and 1975. The initial three volumes include a variety of articles on Sulu peoples, with particular attention to the Tausug, Samal, Yakan, and other groups of the southern archipelago. The fourth (and final) volume of Sulu Studies was published as the Tausug-English Dictionary = Kabtangan iban Maana. This special volume, issued in 1975, was a joint publication of the Coordinated Investigation of Sulu Culture (Jolo, Sulu) and the Summer Institute of Linguistics (Manila).
Tambara; Ateneo de Davao University Journal Frequency: Annual (varies). First published: v. 1, no. 1 (March 1984). Recent issue: v. 5 (1988). Address: Tambara Ateneo de Davao University PO Box 13 Davao City, 8000, Philippines. Annual subscription: U.S. $7; 70 pesos. Scope: "Tambara" is a Bagobo word referring to a "white dish containing betel nut. This is an offering to Eugpamolak Manobo, besought to drive away the evil spirits, keep the workers in good health, allow an abundant crop, and make the owners rich and happy." Regional emphasis; The Davao region of southern Mindanao. Tambara has been published at the Jesuit Ateneo de Davao University (Davao City, Mindanao) since 1984. Five volumes have been published to date. This well-produced annual gives special emphasis to articles on the Davao region of Mindanao. In keeping with its title, Tambara includes a number of articles on the Bagobo people as well as articles on other regions and peoples of Mindanao. NOTES 1. The author acknowledgeswith thanks the helpful advice or assistance of Chades R. Bryant, Yale University Library, Prudenciana C. Cruz, PhilippineNationalLibrary, and Shiro Saito, University of Hawaii Library. Preparation of this article was completed in May 1990. Information concerning cited Philippine journals was the most current available to the author on that date. (continued on page 37)
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CARL h ~ begun to address this issue of cooperative resource sharing by establishing the COLA (Colorado Organization for Acquisitions) group. The COLA group, comprised of library administrators responsible for collection development, expects to examine cooperative purchases among the six-member institutions. The CARL council has charged the committee with the responsibility "to investigate and implement central purchasing, coordinated acquisition decisions, coordinated cancellationdecisions, and other mechanisms and structures to improve the cost effective acquisition and delivery of the collective serials resources." In addition, the committee is charged with the responsibility to "coordinate the acquisition or provision of access to databases and services beyond the bibliographic catalogs. ,,a That is, the committee is looking at mounting database indexes and abstracts (ERIC, Wilson indexes, Medline, and others) and reference sources (dictionaries, thesauri, and world almanacs) onto the CARL system. Conclusion
from 11,540 in 1984 to 22,196 in 1989 during the first five years of the CARL system. This represents a 92 percent increase in Interlibrary Loan requests. During the same period, circulation figures rose from 80,417 to 139,274 checked out items, an increase of 73 percent. The increase in both areas is significantly attributed to the availability and improved access of CARL member holdings to all users of the CARL system. The UnCover database is the most current online article retrieval system available to library users today. It is expected that both periodicals and Interlibrary Loan use will show a steady increase in the next five years. As the system rapidly develops, it will surely set the standards for other systems to emulate. Through UnCover, CARL has taken a big step in the development of article access for the 1990s. NOTES 1. "LookingBack...More Than a Decadeof Cooperation," On CARL (July/August 1988): 1.
As the CARL online system grows, there will be a greater demand for more terminals and printers, and greater use of library resources. As students have acquired the ability to look at online catalogs of other institutions, there has been a steady increase in the use of Interlibrary Loan. Statistics at the University of Northern Colorado for processed transactions increased
2. Pitkin, Gary, ~Accessto Articles Through the Online Catalog,~AmericanLibraries 19, no. 9 (October 1988): 76970.
(continued from page 28) 2. Curtis D. McFarland, A Linguistic Atlas of the Philippines ([Manila?]: Linguistic Society of the Philippines, 1981).
cited here are indexed in v. 26, no. 1 of this publication. Shiro Saito ' sPhilippine Ethnography; A Critically Annotated and Selected Bibliography (Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1972) provides extensive access to journal articles published prior to 1972. No comprehensive and cumulated index to articles on Philippine ethnography or related Philippine social science topics is presently available, however.
3. Indexing of Philippine journals is often less than fully satisfactory. A recent (1984) volume of the Bibliography of Asian Studies does index articles from twelve of the fourteen current journals listed here. The Index to Philippine Periodicals recently resumed publication after a period of inactivity. Four journals
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3. "COLACommittee Charge." (Unpublished, CARL, Denver, Colorado, 1989).
4. The title of this publication was spelled with a hyphen (Agham-Tao) in its initial volumes.
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