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List of Certified Dental Materials Revised to November 15, 1953
Reports of Councils and Bureaus
BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH AND STATISTICS
The 1953 survey of dental practice I. Introduction The purpose of the 1953 Survey of Den tal Practice is to obtain information which is needed in connection with various problems facing the profession and which is beneficial to the profession in many ways. Some of the uses of this type of information can be identified and listed; other benefits are of an incidental type, too numerous and too unpredict able to specify. Information derived from this survey will help in detecting efficient and in efficient characteristics of dental prac tices. For instance, the analysis will show how the income of dentists varies with such factors as length of patient appoint ments, personnel employed, and office equipment owned. Statistics on income, expenses, and number of patients, broken down geo graphically, are of assistance to the den tist seeking a location. Maldistribution is the most serious problem today with re spect to the supply of dental services. Publication of the facts regarding dental practice in the various states and regions will tend to rectify the maldistribution. Each year, dozens of bills involving dentistry are thrown into the legislative hoppers of federal and state governments. There is no substitute for factual informa tion in countering ill-conceived legisla tion and in supporting sound legislation. Facts such as those covered in this survey are useful in planning dental health programs o f the type advocated by the American Dental Association. If a
community is to estimate how many den tists it should have, statistics on working hours and patient loads are among the facts needed. Experience has shown that many un foreseen uses for statistics of this type will arise. For example, much of the informa tion gathered in the 1950 Survey of the Dental Profession was published in the final report of the President’s Commission on the Health Needs of the Nation in 1951. Without the results of this survey, Ihere would have been a conspicuous ab sence of dental statistics. The Association frequently is called on to furnish sundry types of data to numerous agencies and individuals, from government departments to advertising agencies and from free-lance writers to practicing dentists. In May 1953, the questionnaire, shown elsewhere in this article, was sent to every third civilian dentist throughout the United States, including both members and nonmembers of the Association. A c companying the questionnaire were a letter explaining the purposes of the sur vey, a business reply envelope, and a business reply postcard with which the dentist could indicate he had cooperated in the survey and request an advance copy of important results of the survey. By the cut-off date, August 7, after which questionnaires received could not be included in the analysis, approximately 5,000 dentists had returned question naires, representing about 18 per cent of 685
686 • THE JO U R N A L OF THE A M E R IC A N DENTAL A SSO C IA T IO N
Bureau of
AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION, 222 E. Superior St., Chicago XX
Economic Research and Statistics
The 1953 Survey of Dental Practice C O N F I D E N T I A L
It will be easier and faster for you to fill out this questionnaire if you will read it through to the end before starting to answer the questions. Answers in the squares may be indicated with a check mark V. For the questions which are answered by filling in a number, i f th e answer is zero please w rite in a “ 0” , rather than leaving the space blank. A good estimate is better than no answer. If it is not possible to answer a question, write in “ na” (which will indicate that the information is “ not available” or that the question does not apply to you). Disregard code numbers in the right margin. They are merely to facilitate tabulation of answers. (1-5) (4-71
1. Year of birth-----------------------------3. Sex: □ Male
2. Year of graduation from dental school-----------------------------(8-9)
□ Female
HO)
4. Indicate the state and size of city in which you received the largest portion of your dental income in 1952: State--------------------------------------------size op city:
□ 5,000— 10,000
□
□ Under 1,000
□ 10,000— 25,000
□ 250,000— 500,000
□
1,000— 2,500
□ 2,500— 5,000
100,000— 250,000
□ 25,000— 50,000
□
□ 50,000— 100,000
□ Over 1,000,000
(11)
500,000—1,000,000
5. If the largest portion of your 1952 dental income was in one of the following large cities, please indicate: P New York, N. Y. □ Los Angeles, Calif. □ St. Louis, Mo. ( 12) □ Chicago, 111. O Detroit, Mich. □ Washington, D. C. □ Philadelphia, Pa. □ Baltimore, Md. □ Boston, Mass. □ Cleveland, Ohio □ San Francisco, Calif. 6. Indicate the approximate percentage of your total net dental income in 1952 received from the types of dental practice or dental work listed below (should add to 100%); (The term “ independent practice” includes all dentists in private practice except dentists employed by other dentists.)
Independent practice without partners and with no sharing of costs of offices, assistants, etc................... - ................................................................................................................. ..................% (13) Independent practice without partners, but sharing costs of offices or assistants, etc. {without dividing net income on a percentage basis)................................................................ .................. %
(14)
Independent practice as a partner in a complete partnership (net income divided among partners).................................................................................................... .................................. .................. %
Employed by another dentist (on salary, commission, or percentage)..................................................... % In armed forces............................................................................................................... ................... % On staff of dental school....................................................................................................
_ ______ %
Other position as salaried dentist (specify)____________________________________________________ % T otal
1 00 %
(15)
REPORTS O F C O U N C I L S A N D BUREAUS .
VO LUM E 47, DECEMBER 1953 • 687
Please record your 1952 d en tal income and expenses in items 7 through 11. When listing amounts, please omit cents.
Payments to employees made on a commission or percentage basis should be regarded the same as salary. Dentists in independent practice who pay assistant dentists or dental hygienists on this basis should include these amounts in both gross income and professional expenses. If you pay yourself a “ salary” or if you are in partnership and receive a “ salary” before remaining income is divided among partners, record such income in item 7 (not in item 10). 7. Gross receipts from independent practice {exclude pay received as a salaried employee)
$_______ (16- 18)
8. Total professional expenses of independent practice (if you shared expenses, enter only your sfutre).......................................................................................................................
$----------- (19-21)
9. Net income from independent practice before paying income taxes {this amount should equal item 7 minus item 8 )...............................................................................................
$----------- (22-24)
10. Salary (including commissions) received by you as an employed dentist {before deduc tions for income taxes, social security, bonds, etc.)................ - .......................................... $------------(25-27) 11. Your total net income from all dental work before paying income taxes {should equal the sum of items 9 and 10)..................................................................................... -........ $------------ (28-30} 12. Of your total gross receipts from independent practice in 1952, approximately what percentage (31-32) was in payment for the following types of dental services? {If this information is not available and (33-34) you cannot make a good estimate, write in “NA” .) (35-36) (37-38) Fillings (including inlays)....- ....... ............. % Orthodontic treatment.................. ...............% (39-40) Crowns, bridges and dentures...... ............. % Oral surgery (including extractions)................................ ............. %
All other dental work................... ............... % (41-42) TOTAL 100%
Periodontal treatment.................. ............. % 13. Professional expenses of independent practice during 1952 (please omit cents when listing amounts): Office rent {if you own your office, please estimate)............................................................ $------------(43*45) Utilities {light, gas, telephone)........................................................................................... $------------(46-48) Depreciation on equipment.............. ............................................................................... $------------ (49-51) Insurance {liability and equipment).................................................................................. $------------(52-54) Travel to professional meetings, society dues, journals, etc............................................. $------------(55*57) Commercial prosthetic laboratory charges....................................................................... $------------(58*60) Dental supplies, drugs, etc. {not equipment or office supplies)........................................... $------------ (61-63) Dentists employed by you................................................................................................ $------------(64-66) Dental hygienists.............................................................................................................. $------------ (67-69) Dental technicians............................................................................................................. $------------(70-72) •Dental assistants {chairside)............................................................................................. $------------ (73-75) •Secretaries and receptionists............................................................................ - .............. $------------(76-78) Other expenses 0laundry» office supplies, office maintenance, etc.)...................................... $------------(6-8) TOTAL expenses {should be same as item 8)..................................................... $------------(9-1 u *An employee who acts as a secretary or receptionist, but also provides some chairside assistance, should be counted as a dental assistant.
% 688 • THE JO U R N A L OF THE A M E R IC A N DENTAL A SSO C IA TIO N
14. Indicate the number of auxiliary personnel employed by you during1982. (A personwho did not ¡12-13) work full time or did not work during the whole year shouldbe counted asa fraction. Thus, a half-time (14-15) employee, or an employee who worked six months, should be recorded as “ %” .) (16-17) Dentists........... ......................... .................
Dental assistants (chairside)... .............. (18-19)
Dental hygienists...................... ................
Secretaries and receptionists... .............. (20-2 U
Dental technicians..................... .............. 15. How many weeks did you work as a practicing (chairside) dentist in 1952 (regardless of whether full-time or part-time)?.............................................................................. ................ weeks (22-23) 16. Answer this question only if you engaged in types of dental work other than chairside practice, such as teaching, administration or research, during part or all of 1952: How many weeks did you work as a dentist in 1952, counting all types of dental work (regardless of whether full-time or part-time)'!............................ ....................... ................ weeks (24-25) 17. How many weeks did you spend on vacation in 1952?............................................ ................ weeks (24-27) 18. How many days were you absent from work in 1952 because of illness or other disability?.................................................................................................................. .............. days
128-30 )
19. For the average week you worked as a practicing (chairside) dentist in 1952, estimate the number of hours normally spent as follows: Hours at the chair...................................... ...............hours per week
(31-32)
Hours in the laboratory............................. . ...............hours per week
(33-34)
Other hours in dental office......................... ...............hours per week
(35-361
T otal hours in dental office.................. ................ hours per week
(37-38)
20. How many d iffe re n t patients (individuals) did you treat or examine during 1952? (Include patients treated or examined by employed dentists and dental hygienists.)................................................................................................................ patients (39-43 21. How many patient visits (sittings) did you and your employees have in 1952?....________sittings (44-48) 22. What was the usual length of your patient appointments in 1952?
(491
□ 30 minutes
□
hours
□ 45 minutes
□ 2 hours
□ 1 hour
□ Other (specify)________________________________________
23. During 1952, approximately how long did your average patient have to wait for an appointment (excluding emergency cases and patients who have been scheduled for a series of treatments)? □ One or two days
□ Three weeks
□ Three to six days
□ Four weeks
□ One week
□ Five weeks
□ Two weeks
□ Six weeks or more
(50)
REPORTS OF C O U N C ILS A N D BUREAUS . . . VO LUM E 47, DECEMBER 1953 • 689
24. If you were an independent dentist during 1952, which of the following statements comes closest to describing your practice for the year as a whole? (511 □
Because of the length of your appointment list, some persons who contacted you for dental care actually obtained this care from another dentist.
□
You provided dental care for all who requested appointments, but you felt more rushed and worked more hours than you would have liked.
□
There was a good balance between the number of persons who contacted you for dental care and
your ability to provide this care. □ You did not have as many patients as you would have liked. If so, about how many more patients would you have liked?.......................................... .................. patients (52-54) 25. Were you a member of the A m e r i c a n □ Yes □ No
D e n t a l A s s o c ia t io n
in 1952? (55)
26. How many dental chairs in your office were
used by youandyour employees in 1952? ________ chairs
(56)
27. Did you have X-ray equipment in your office in 1952? □ Yes □ No
(57)
28. Did you have equipment for administering general anesthesia (gas) in your office in 1952? □ Yes □ No
(581
29. What percentage of your 1951 gross charges
remains uncollected?...................... ............... % (59-60)
30. In what type of practice were you engaged in 1952? □ General practitioner
□ Specialist
(61)
If you were a specialist, mark one specialty below: □ Oral surgeon
□ Prosthodontist
□ Orthodontist
□ Oral pathologist
(62 )
□ Pedodontist
□ Public health dentist
□ Periodontist
□ Other (specify) -------------------------------------------------------------
31. Suppose you were hiring a dental assistant, and there were prospects available with the following back grounds. Which would you prefer? □
Training in a school fordental assistants
(63)
□ Experience as an assistant in a dental office □ Clerical training (typing, bookkeeping, etc.) □ Other (specify)—---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32. If youbelieve that training in aschool fordental assistants is desirable, how long a course do you recommend? (64) □ One academic year (9 months), full-time (or equivalent) □ One-half academic year (414 months), full-time (or equivalent) □ One-third academic year (3 months), full-time (or equivalent) □ Three or four weeks, full-time (or equivalent) □
Other (specify)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- —
690 • THE JO U R N A L OF TH E A M ERICAN DENTAL A SSO C IA T IO N
Table 1 • Geographical distribution o f all dentists and of dentists participating in the 1953 Survey of Denta Practice Percentage distribution of all dentists*
Region
Percentage distribution of respondents
N ew England (Conn., Maine, Mass., N .H ., R.I., Vt.)
7.3
5.4
Middle East (Del., D .C ., Md., N .J., N .Y ., Pa., W .Va.)
30.4
2é.4
Southeast (Ala., Ark., Fla., G o ., Ky., la ., Miss., N .C ., S .C ., Tenn., Va.)
11.2
11.2
4.5
4.4
29.3
31.0
Southwest (Arlz., N .M ex., O kla., Texas) Central (III.,. Ind., Iowa, Mich., Minn., Mo., Ohio, W is.) Northwest (Colo., Idaho, Kans., Mont., N eb., N.Dak., S.Dak., Utah, W yo.l
5.2
6.3
Far W est (C alif., N ev., O re., Wash.)
12.1
15.3
100.0
100.0
Total
*Based on count of dentists listed in 1953 Am erican Dental Directory.
the mailing list. After excluding returns from dentists no longer active in the pro fession and returns that were not usable, the net sample consisted of 4,552 ques tionnaires. Although the percentage of returns
was satisfactory in comparison to other surveys of this type, there is always the question of whether the dentists cooperat ing were representative o f dentists in general throughout the United States. The available evidence on this question
Per Cent
New England
Middle East
Southeast
Southwest
Central
Northwest
Far West
Fig. 1 ' G eographical distribution of all dentists and of dentists participating in the 1953 Survey of D ental Practice
REPORTS O F C O U N C ILS A N D BUREAUS
consists mainly of the distribution of re spondents with respect to region, age, and membership in the Association, as com pared to existing information on these three variables respecting dentists in general. Table 1 and Figure 1 indicate that the geographic representation of the sample corresponds closely with the geographic distribution of dentists in general. As is usual in this type of survey, dentists in the Far West and Northwest tended to be represented better than average, and dentists in New England and the Middle East tended toward under-response. These deviations from the norm were relatively slight, however. Tables 2 and 3 compare the age dis tribution o f the survey sample with that of all dentists in 1949 and with that of employed male dentists enumerated in the 1950 census. Retired dentists were included in the 1949 distribution but not in the census figures. It appears that the representation of dentists 65 and older in the survey sample is somewhat low and that dentists in their thirties are over represented. The large graduating classes of 1950, 1951 and 1952, consisting largely of veterans in their thirties, has un doubtedly resulted in an increase in the Table 2 • Age distribution of all dentists in 1949 and of dentists participating in the 1953 Survey of Dental Practice Age
Percentage distribution of all dentists in 1949*
Percentage distribution of respondents
-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-
.6 7.3 10.4 10.9 13.0 13.7 13.6 10.6 6.8 5.3 4.4 3.4
— 7.2 17.7 14.4 11.0 13.7 12.9 10.6 6.4 2.8 1.7 1.6
Total
100.0
100.0
*Based on a large random sample of dentists in mid1949.
. VO LUM E 47, DECEMBER 1953 • 691
Table 3 • Age distribution of employed male dentists enumerated in the 1950 census and of dentists par ticipating in the 1953 Survey of Dental Practice Age
Percentage distribution Percentage distribution of male dentists of respondents in 1950 census*
-24 25-29 30-34 35-44 45-54 55-59 60-64 65-
.9 9.8 11.1 23.8 27.2 10.6 6.5 10.1
7.2 17.7 25.4 26.6 10.6 6.4 6.1
Total
100.0
100.0
—
_*From 1950 United States Census of Population, Bulle tin P-Ct, Bureau of the Census.
proportion of dentists of this age over the figures shown in the 1949 and 1950 age distributions. As is usual in a mail survey of dentists, nonmembers of the American Dental Association did not respond as well as members. Whereas among all active den tists about 80 per cent are members, 93.5 per cent of survey participants who an swered the question regarding member ship indicated they were members. Serious consideration was given to the question of whether to “ weight” the non members by reproducing the punch cards on the nonmembers a sufficient number of times so that nonmembers would com prise approximately 20 per cent of the total. Between three and four duplicate sets o f cards would have been required, however. It was believed that this would magnify the sampling error among the nonmembers to an undesirable extent; also, it could tend to distort the repre sentativeness of the sample with respect to other variables. Several other reasons entered into the decision not to weight the nonmembers, including the fact that averages would be changed relatively little by so doing because of the great preponderance of Association members. The findings o f the 1953 Survey o f Dental Practice will be presented serially in subsequent issues o f t h e j o u r n a l . B. Duane M oen, Director
692 • THE JO URN AL OF THE AM ERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION
BUREAU O F LIBRARY AND INDEXING SERVICE
The American Dental Association Film Library The Film Library has purchased several prints of the films reviewed in this article since there have been so many requests for films on orthodontics or related sub ject matter. Any information on more recently produced films on this topic will be appreciated. The films reviewed may be rented for $2.50 each. It is suggested, however, that film users plan their pro grams far enough in advance to insure availability. FILM REVIEWS
Practical Preventive Orthodontics • 16 mm., color, silent, 800 ft., 32 minutes. Produced in 1941 by L e o R . Schwartz, D .D .S., and M ax J. Futterman, D .D .S. Photography by W orld W id e Organization o f Am ateur Moviemakers. Procurable on loan ($ 2 .5 0 ) from the Am er ican D ental Association Film Library, 222 E. Superior St., Chicago. T he film opens w ith a statement of the film’ s purposes w hich are: A. T o show harmful effects to periodontal structures when there is a buccolingual dis placem ent o f teeth. B. T o show deleterious effect on occlusion when such a condition is not treated early. C. T o show a simple technical procedure fo r the m ovem ent of a tooth from linguoversion to a correct buccal position when there is sufficient space . D. T o show the effect on occlusion of prolonged retention o f deciduous teeth. This is follow ed by intraoral photographs o f patients illustrating these various defects. In one instance prolonged retention o f roots had resulted in a deep overbite which caused traumatic occlusion and inflamed tissues around the low er anterior teeth. In another instance where a replacement for a tooth was needed, the steps in impression taking are demonstrated. T h e technic for fitting bands around deciduous molars is shown clearly. T he film concludes with photographs o f these same patients showing all the appliances removed and the defects corrected. Although this film is over ten years old, some o f the technics are still used. It is suit
able for dental students, hospital dental staffs, and general practitioners. T he Physiology of M astication. (A Cinefluorographic Study of the Hum an M asticatory Apparatus in F u nction ) • 16 mm ., color, silent, 500 ft., 20 minutes. Produced in 1939 by M eyer Klatsky, D .D .S., assisted by Professor W . H. Stewart, L en ox H ill H ospital, New York. Procurable on loan ($2.50) from the Am erican D ental Association Film Library, 222 E. Superior St., Chicago. N o copies are available for purchase. A ccordin g to the producer, cinefluorography is the transmission to m otion picture film of the image seen on the fluoroscopic screen. This film was produced to show a m ethod of ob serving internal organs and systems during function, to stimulate m ore research on the physiology of mastication and to stress the physical effect o f foods on the health and dis ease of the masticatory organs and teeth. T he film opens with photographs o f the anatomic parts o f the human masticatory organs of a subject with normal occlusion. T h e side-to-side movements m ade possible by the com plex m andibular joint, the condylar movements in the articular fossa, and the upand-down movements o f the hyoid bone are clearly visible during mastication and degluti tion. Experiments with soft bread, orange, hard bread, celery, steak and dry corn are illustrated through cinefluorography. T he last two scenes show two other subjects, a man w ho has lost his posterior teeth and has had no replacements and a wom an whose lower posterior teeth have been replaced. In the former, the abnorm al chewing is seen, the tongue constantly tossing the food to the anterior part o f the m outh to the incisors and cuspids in order that they m ay perform the grinding and chew ing w hich are normally per form ed by the bicuspids and molars. In the latter case, however, the replacement has restored normal mastication. This film is well presented; although it is silent, the captions make it understandable. Technically it is not on a par with current film processing; however, this does not de tract from its instructional value in a course on anatomy or orthodontics. It may interest general practitioners, dental hospital staffs, dental students, orthodontists and prosthodon tists.
REPORTS O F C O U N C ILS A N D BUREAUS . . . VO LUM E 47, DECEMBER 1953 • 693
COUNCIL ON DENTAL RESEARCH
List of certified dental materials revised to November 15, 1953 Because there has been some confusion regarding certified dental materials, the Council on Dental Research presents this summary to clarify the operation of its certification plan. The first fundamental item in this plan is the existence of official American Dental Association Specifications for Dental Materials. These specifications are the outcome of research by the American Dental Association Research Fellowship at the National Bureau of Standards correlated with the clinical experience of members of the Association. As the second step in the operation of the plan, the manufacturers are in vited to certify to the Council on Dental Research that their products comply with the specifications. It would be manifestly impossible for the Council (through the American Dental Association Research Fellowship at the National Bureau of Standards) to test every lot of every cer tified material. For this reason, the Coun cil has required that the manufacturer, on certifying a product, not only must guarantee that this product meets speci fication requirements but also must fur nish evidence that he maintains a testing program adequate to insure continual compliance of the product. On receipt of a certification for a new product with all required data, the Coun cil procures a random sample through regular trade channels, usually by asking a dentist to act as its agent. This sample is tested for compliance with all speci fication requirements. Only when the certification is complete and in proper form and the sample has passed all speci fication tests does the Council accept the manufacturer’s certification. The name of
the product is then added to the list of certified dental materials. This, however, is not the complete story. The continuation of any product on the list of certified dental materials is contingent on its maintenance at spec ification quality. Surveys of all products on the list are made by the American Dental Association Research Fellowship at the Council’s direction. These surveys are made on samples procured on the open market. Whenever a material fails to comply with the specification require ments, it is removed from the list and the manufacturer is notified that his cer tification of the product is no longer acceptable. Thus, although the Council cannot test the entire production of den tal materials, its certification plan calls for continuous testing by the manufac turer and check tests by the Fellowship so that a constantly high level of quality of the products on the list will be main tained. Revisions of the list appear in TH E JOURNAL OF T H E AMERICAN DENTAL
from time to time. Lately there have appeared through the mail some advertisements for amal gam alloys, mercuries, zinc phosphate ce ments and acrylic resins with statements that the manufacturer guarantees them to comply with the specifications of the American Dental Association. An exam ination of the list of certified dental ma terials shows that some of the materials that have been so advertised have not been certified by their manufacturers to the Council on Dental Research. The cer tification program is financed jointly by federal and American Dental Associa tion funds, and no charge whatsoever is made to the manufacturer. If a manu-
a s s o c ia tio n
694 • T H E J O U R N A L OF THE A M E R IC A N DENTAL A SSO C IA T IO N
facturer is regularly testing his material, then the only expense he will have in certifying the material to the Council is the cost of the three cent stamp re quired for mailing the certificate and data. When a dentist sees a statement such as, “ Every batch o f this alloy is carefully tested before being released for shipment to be sure that it fully meets A.D.A. specifications,” he should be cer tain to check the list of certified dental
materials to see if the product appears there. In the purchase of certified material for use in dental practice, this list should be used as a buyer’ s guide. In addition, the package of material received should be checked for its exact name as given in the list and for a statement thereon guaranteeing compliance with the speci fication. The Council should be notified of any discrepancies.
CERTIFIED AMALGAM ALLOYS (A .D .A . SPECIFICATION NO. 1 )
Alloy
M anufacturer or distributor
Abner Fine Cut A ccurate M etalloy (filings) Argentum “ A ” cu t; fine cu t; medium cu t; shavings Aristaloy Banner (filings) Baring (im proved fine cut) Brewster M edium Certified Cresilver Dee (filings) Excel Fellowship Filling alloy, fine grain Fleck’ s Garfield’ s G old Bond H & M Special Lustraloy Regular M inim ax (filings) 173; 177; 178; 178 fine cu t; 183; W hite G old & Platinum; (shavings) 177; 178 Mission No. 5 ; N o. 5 “ A ” Cut M od eloy (quick setting filings) M ynol Im proved National D ental N ew Deal O ceanic Filling A lloy O dontographic “ Im proved” (filings) Pearlol Peerless Precision Research Oralloy Royal Super First Setting Safco 69 Silver Crown Fast; M ed iu m ; Slow ; N on Zinc Silverloy (filin g s ); F.C. # 2 0 for Propor tio n e d (shavings) Speyer S-C M edium (filings) Standard Stratco
Abner Alloys Go. T h e L. D . Caulk Co. H am m ond Dental M fg. Co. Baker & C o., Inc. Goldsmith Bros. Smelting & Refining Co. Baring Smelting & Refining Co. Brewster Laboratories Lee S. Smith & Son M fg. Co. Crescent D ental M fg. Co. Kerr M fg. Co. Daniels Dental A lloy Co. Dental Protective Supply Co. Abe Bass Mizzy, Inc. Garfield Smelting & Refining Co. Jefferson Dental Supply Co. Hauser and M iller Pfingst & Co. T h e M inim ax Co.
Henry F. Bruce Co. Crescent Dental M fg. Co. M ynol Chem ical Co. Eskay D ental Products M iller Dental Co. O ceanic Chem ical C o., Inc. O dontographic M fg. Co. W ildberg Bros. Smelting & Refining Co. Herbert D . Damsky Precision Bur Co. Precious Metals Research Works, Inc. Garhart Dental Specialty Co. Safco Laboratories General Refineries, Inc. Crescent Dental M fg. Co. Speyer Smelting & Refining Co. Stratford-Cookson Co. Standard D ental Products Co. Edward P. Stratt
REPORTS O F C O U N C ILS A N D BUREAUS
Tri-Alloy True Dentalloy (filings) ; Cut “ A ” Twentieth Century Regular; Special; Fine Cut; Non Zinc Ultra Brand Vertex • White Beauty Yates Balanced
VO LUM E 47, DECEMBER 1953 •
Tri-Boro Dental Supply Co., Inc. The S. S. White Dental M fg. Co. The L. D. Caulk Co. H. Jelinek Vertex Dental Products Co. Lang Dental Mfg. Co. J. Yates Dental Mfg. Co.
CERTIFIED IN L A Y CASTING IN V E STM E N TS
(A .D .A . SPECIFICATION NO.
Investm ent
M anufacturer or distributor
Baker Cristobalite Beauty-Cast Kerr Cristobalite-Inlay Ransom and Randolph Gray Security Improved Inlay Steele’s-Super
Baker & Co., Inc. Whip-Mix Corp., Inc. Kerr Mfg. Co. The Ransom & Randolph Co. The Cleveland Dental Mfg. Co. The Ransom & Randolph Co.
CERTIFIED IM PRESSION COM POUNDS (A .D .A . SPECIFICATION NO.
T ype
Com pound
Certified Exact Kerr Perfection; No. 2 Soft Green; Gray ; White ; Black Mizzy— Low Heat S. S. White— Black— Tray
2)
3)
M anufacturer or distributor
I I I
Lee S. Smith & Son Mfg. Co. The S. S. White Dental M fg. Co. Kerr Mfg. Co.
I II
Mizzy, Inc. The S. S. White Dental M fg. Co.
CERTIFIED IN LAY CASTING W AXES (A .D .A . SPECIFICATION NO.
4)
W ax
M anufacturer or distributor
Baker-Blue— regular medium Caulk-Blue Kerr-Blue— Hard Security Taggart’s Blue
Baker & Co., Inc. The L. D. Caulk Co. Kerr Mfg. Co. The Cleveland Dental Mfg. Co. Mizzy, Inc.
CERTIFIED IN LAY CASTING GOLD ALLOYS (A .D .A. SPECIFICATION NO.
5)
TYPE A, SOFT
A lloy
Aderer-A-Soft Baker Inlay Soft Bruce “ A” Chilcast No. 1 Coe 1 Crown Inlay No. 2 Soft; K Deeone GB Inlay No. 1 Soft Jelenko Special Inlay Krause Soft Inlay
M anufacturer or distributor
Julius Aderer, Inc. Baker & Co., Inc. Henry F. Bruce Co. Vernon-Benshoff Co. Coe Laboratories, Inc. General Refineries, Inc. Dee Division of Handy & Harman Goldsmith Bros. Smelting & Refining Co. J. F. Jelenko & Co., Inc. Krause Gold Refinery
6 % • THE JO U R N A L OF THE A M E R IC A N DENTAL A SSO C IA T IO N
L eff Light Inlay Luft “ A ” M ow rey’s S -l N ey-O ro A ; A A N oble N o. 1 Research A Spyco S o ft; Eleven S. S. W hite N o. 2 ; 900 Soft; 940 Very Soft Stern S W ildberg A - 2 Wilkinson 2S Williams Inlay 3 ; W ill-Cast 22
Benjamin R. L eff John Luft Prescription Alloys W . E. M ow rey Co. T he J. M . N ey Co. N oble Metals & Alloys Co. Precious M etals Research Works, Inc. Spyco Smelting & Refining Co. The S. S. W hite Dental M fg. Co. I. Stern & C o., Inc. W ildberg Bros. Smelting & Refining Co. Wilkinson Co. T h e Williams G old Refining C o., Inc.
TYPE B, MEDIUM
Alloy
M anufacturer or distributor
A derer-B-M edium A leco N o. 1 ; No. 2 Baker Inlay M edium Bruce “ O ” Chilcast M ; I M ; 2M C oe 2 Crown Inlay No. 1 H ard ; K napp No. 2 ; T D eetw o GB Inlay N o. 2 M edium Hard Jelenko M od u la y; Platincast Krause H ard Inlay L eff M edium Soft Lu ft “ B” M ow rey’ s B -Inlay; S -2 ; No. 91 N ey-O ro A - l ; A-10 N oble N o. 2 Spyco In lay; M edium , Tinker one S. S. W hite No. 1; No. 5 ; N o. 820 Stern 1 ; N o. 3290 W ildberg “ A ” ; C-2 Wilkinson 8M Williams Pioneer; Special In lay; One “ Inlay”
Julius Aderer, Inc. A. L. Engelhardt' Co. Baker & C o., Inc. H enry F. Bruce Co. Vernon-Benshoff Co. C oe Laboratories, Inc. General Refineries, Inc. D ee Division o f H andy & Harman Goldsm ith Bros. Smelting & Refining Co. J. F. Jelenko & C o., Inc. Krause G old Refinery Benjamin R . L eff John Luft Prescription Alloys W . E. M ow rey Co. T h e J. M . Ney Co. N oble Metals & Alloys Co. Spyco Smelting & Refining Co. T he S. S. W hite Dental M fg. Co. I. Stern & C o., Inc. W ildberg Bros. Smelting & Refining Co. Wilkinson Co. T he W illiams G old Refining Co., Inc.
TYPE C, HARD
Alloy
M anufacturer or distributor
Aderer-C -H ard ; “ Dressel” A leco No. 4 Baker H ard Inlay Bruce N o. 5 Chilcast N o. 2 ; No. 2-H Coe 3 Crown N o. 9 ; K napp No. 3 ; Supreme Inlay; TT Deesix GB Inlay N o. 3 Hard Jelenko D urocast; Firmilay L eff C Luft “ C ” M ow rey’ s S -3 ; Special; No. 120
Julius Aderer, Inc. A. L. Engelhardt Co. Baker & C o., Inc. Henry F. Bruce Co. Vernon-Benshoff Co. Coe Laboratories, Inc. General Refineries, Inc. D ee Division o f H andy & Harman Goldsmith Bros. Smelting & Refining Co. J. F. Jelenko & Co., Inc. Benjamin R . L eff John L u ft Prescription Alloys W. E. M ow rey Co.
REPORTS O F C O U N C ILS A N D BUREAUS . . . VO LUM E 47, DECEMBER 1953 • 697
N ey-O ro B ; B -2 ; BW N oble N o. 3 Research N o. 5 ; “ Inlay” Spyco N o. O n e -H ; S ix; Tinker T w o ; Hard S. S. W hite No. 8 ; No. 13; 860 Hard Stern 2 ; 3 3 3 7; 3465; H W ildberg “ C ” ; B Williams K lon diker; Special “ Four”
T h e J. M . N ey Co. N oble Metals & Alloys Co. Precious Metals Research Works, Inc. Spyco Smelting & Refining Co. T h e S. S. W hite D ental M fg. Co. I. Stern & C o., Inc. W ildberg Bros. Smelting & Refining Co. The Williams G old Refining C o., Inc.
CERTIFIED DENTAL MERCURIES ( a .d .a . SPECIFICATION N O. 6 )
M ercury
M anufacturer or distributor
Argentum Ballard’ s Certified Chem ically Pure C. P. M ercury Crown D ee Brilliant Dental D ental, C. P. Fellowship Garfield’ s Garhart’ s P^-itively Pure Krause’ s Pure M ercury C. P. M ercury C. P. M ercury N. F. I X Redistilled M inim ax Mission M ynol Ney O dontographic Research Spectropure Spyco Tw entieth Century Williams
H am m ond Dental M fg. Co. Quicksilver Producers Association Lee S. Smith & Son M fg. Co. T h e S. S. W hite Dental M fg. Co. Goldsmith Bros. Smelting & Refining Co. General Refineries, Inc. K err M fg. Co. D rug Laboratories, Inc. F. W . Berk & C o., Inc. Dental Protective Supply Co. Garfield Smelting & Refining Co. Garhart D ental Specialty Co. Krause G old Refineries Metalsalts Corp. W ildberg Bros. Smelting & Refining Co. M allinckrodt Chemical Works T h e M inim ax Co. Henry F. Bruce Co. M ynol Chem ical Co. The J. M . Ney Co. O dontographic M fg. Co. Precious Metals Research Works, Inc. Baker & Co., Inc. Spyco Smelting & Refining Co. T he L. D . Caulk Co. T he Williams G old Refining Co., Inc. (Applies to W illiams’ one pound bottles only, as quarter pound containers are not glass.)
CERTIFIED W RO U G H T GOLD WIRE ALLOYS
(a .D .A . SPECIFICATION NO. 7 )
Alloy
M anufacturer or distributor
A derer No. 1; No. 3 ; No. 4 ; No. 20 Clasp Baker Q . A. Crow n Hylastic D eepep-H ard GB Extra H igh Fusing; M edium Fusing; Regular H igh Fusing Jelenko No. 3 W ire; Super Wire N ey-O ro Elastic No. 4 Spyco N o. 2 ; N o. 4 S. S. W hite No. 12; N o. 61 M etalba Stern N o. 2657 Vernon-Benshoff Clasp W ire No. 6 W illiams No. 1 Super; No. 2 H igh Fusing C lasp; No. 3 H igh Tensile
Julius Aderer, Inc. Baker & C o., Inc. General Refineries, Inc. D ee Division of Handy & Harman Goldsm ith Bros. Smelting & Refining Co. J. F. Jelenko & Co., Inc. T he J. M . Ney Co. Spyco Smelting & Refining Co. T h e S. S. W hite Dental M fg. Co. I. Stern and Co., Inc. Vernon-Benshoff Co. T h e W illiams G old Refining C o., Inc.
698 • THE JO U R N A L OF THE A M E R IC A N DENTAL A SSO C IA TIO N
CERTIFIED ZINC PH O S P H A T E CEM EN TS (A .D .A. SPECIFICATION NO. 8 , FIRST REVISION)
Cem ent
M anufacturer or distributor
Ames Z -M Bosworth’s Z inc Caulk Crow n and B ridge; Petroid Im p rov ed ; Tenacin Certicem Fleck’ s Extraordinary Lang C row n Bridge and Inlay S-C Smith’ s S. S. W hite Silver Im proved; Z in c ; Z inc Im proved
T h e W . V -B Ames Co. Harry J. Bosworth Co. T he L. D . Caulk Co. Lee S. Smith & Son M fg. Co. Mizzy, Inc. Lang Dental M fg. Co. Stratford-Cookson Co. Lee S. Smith & Son M fg. Co. T he S. S. W hite D ental M fg. Co.
CERTIFIED SILICATE CEMENTS (A .D .A . SPECIFICATION NO. 9 )
Cem ent
M anufacturer or distributor
Ames Plastic Porcelain Astralit Baker Plastic Porcelain Diafil D eT rey’ s Synthetic Porcelain; Syntrex D urodent Enamel Smith’s Certified Enamel Im proved S. S. W hite Filling Porcelain Im proved
T he W . V -B Ames Co. Premier Dental Products Co. Baker & C o., Inc. Pfingst & C o., Inc. T he L . D . Caulk Co. Oskar Schaefer Lee S. Smith & Son M fg. Co. T he S. S. W hite Dental M fg. Co.
CERTIFIED HYDROCOLLOID AL IM PRESSION M ATERIALS---- AGAR TYPE ( a .d .a . SPECIFICATION NO. 1 1 )
M aterial
M anufacturer or distributor
C oe-L oid 66 Deelastic D entocoll Elastic C olloid K err H ydro-C olloid Perfectocoll Plasticoll Surgident
Coe Laboratories, Inc. K err M fg. Co. T he L. D . Caulk Co. T h e S. S. W hite Dental M fg. Co. K err M fg. Co. Baker & C o., Inc. Lee S. Smith & Son M fg. Co. Surgident, Ltd.
CERTIFIED DENTURE RESINS (A .D .A . SPECIFICATION NO. 1 2 )
Material Acralite A c-R il A cri-Lux Acrylic A Pink Acrylic A M ottled Acrylic A O range Pink B-B Certified C oe Acrylic Coralite
Form C lear; pin k; pow der-liquid Pink; pow der-liquid Pink; pow der-liquid [Pink; pow der-liquid] •j P in k; pow der-liquid }• [P in k; pow der-liquid j C lear; pin k; powder-liquid C lear; p in k ; powder-liquid Pink; powder-liquid P in k; pow der-liquid
M anufacturer or distributor Acralite C o., Inc. A c-R il Dental Corporation A cri-L u x D ental M fg. Co. Austenal Laboratories, Inc. Bell D ental Products Co. Lee S. Smith & Son M fg. Co. C oe Laboratories, Inc. Coralite D ental Products Co.
REPORTS O F C O U N C ILS A N D BUREAUS .
Crystolex, Regular Crystolex, Form 102 Densene 33 Denture Acrylic Enciton Hygienic Im proved Justi-Tone T -3 ; Justi-Tone Jectron Lang’ s Loktone Lucitone Luxene 44 Marvel M iracryl O palex “ 45” O ryl Brand Palatex Perma Cryl Premier Q . E. D. Standard Brand Vernonite V itacrilic D , L V ita-L ite Vitalon
fP in k; pow der-liquid} ) Pink; pow der-liquidj C lear; pink; pow der-liquid C lear; pink; pow der-liquid Pink; pow der-liquid Pink; pow der-liquid \Pink; pow der-liquid) \Pink; pow der-liquidj Pink; precured blank Pink; pow der-liquid C lear; pink; pow der-liquid fC lea r; pink; plastic cake ] ] C lear; pink; pow d er-liqu idj Pink; plastic cake Pink; pow der-liquid Pink; pow der-liquid Pink; pow der-liquid Pink; pow der-liquid Pink; pow der-liquid Pink; pow der-liquid C lear; pin k; pow der-liquid Pink; powder-liquid Pink ; powder-liquid fC lea r; pink; plastic cake! | P in k; pow der-liquid J Pink; pow der-liquid C lear; pink; pow der-liquid Pink; powder-liquid
VO LUM E 47, DECEMBER 1953 • 699
K err M fg. Co. Cosmos D ental Products Co. The S. S. W hite Dental M fg. Co. T h e L. D. Caulk Co. T h e H ygienic D ental M fg. Co. H. D . Justi & Son, Inc. T oled o Dental Products Co. Lang D ental M fg. Co. Myerson T ooth Corporation T h e L. D. Caulk Co. Luxene, Inc. M arvel Dental Products Co. T h e M otloid C o., Inc. T h e O palex Co. T h e W m . Getz Corporation R ockland D ental Co., Inc. A cri-Lux D ental M fg. Co. Premier Dental Products Co. H. D . Justi & Son, Inc. R ay Foster D ental Supplies Vernon-Benshoff Co. Fricke D ental M fg. Co. V ita-L ite Products Co. Austenal Laboratories, Inc.
BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH AND STATISTICS
The 1953 survey of dental practice I. Introduction The purpose of the 1953 Survey of Den tal Practice is to obtain information which is needed in connection with various problems facing the profession and which is beneficial to the profession in many ways. Some of the uses of this type of information can be identified and listed; other benefits are of an incidental type, too numerous and too unpredict able to specify. Information derived from this survey will help in detecting efficient and in efficient characteristics of dental prac tices. For instance, the analysis will show how the income of dentists varies with such factors as length of patient appoint ments, personnel employed, and office equipment owned. Statistics on income, expenses, and number of patients, broken down geo graphically, are of assistance to the den tist seeking a location. Maldistribution is the most serious problem today with re spect to the supply of dental services. Publication of the facts regarding dental practice in the various states and regions will tend to rectify the maldistribution. Each year, dozens of bills involving dentistry are thrown into the legislative hoppers of federal and state governments. There is no substitute for factual informa tion in countering ill-conceived legisla tion and in supporting sound legislation. Facts such as those covered in this survey are useful in planning dental health programs o f the type advocated by the American Dental Association. If a
community is to estimate how many den tists it should have, statistics on working hours and patient loads are among the facts needed. Experience has shown that many un foreseen uses for statistics of this type will arise. For example, much of the informa tion gathered in the 1950 Survey of the Dental Profession was published in the final report of the President’s Commission on the Health Needs of the Nation in 1951. Without the results of this survey, Ihere would have been a conspicuous ab sence of dental statistics. The Association frequently is called on to furnish sundry types of data to numerous agencies and individuals, from government departments to advertising agencies and from free-lance writers to practicing dentists. In May 1953, the questionnaire, shown elsewhere in this article, was sent to every third civilian dentist throughout the United States, including both members and nonmembers of the Association. A c companying the questionnaire were a letter explaining the purposes of the sur vey, a business reply envelope, and a business reply postcard with which the dentist could indicate he had cooperated in the survey and request an advance copy of important results of the survey. By the cut-off date, August 7, after which questionnaires received could not be included in the analysis, approximately 5,000 dentists had returned question naires, representing about 18 per cent of 685
686 • THE JO U R N A L OF THE A M E R IC A N DENTAL A SSO C IA T IO N
Bureau of
AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION, 222 E. Superior St., Chicago XX
Economic Research and Statistics
The 1953 Survey of Dental Practice C O N F I D E N T I A L
It will be easier and faster for you to fill out this questionnaire if you will read it through to the end before starting to answer the questions. Answers in the squares may be indicated with a check mark V. For the questions which are answered by filling in a number, i f th e answer is zero please w rite in a “ 0” , rather than leaving the space blank. A good estimate is better than no answer. If it is not possible to answer a question, write in “ na” (which will indicate that the information is “ not available” or that the question does not apply to you). Disregard code numbers in the right margin. They are merely to facilitate tabulation of answers. (1-5) (4-71
1. Year of birth-----------------------------3. Sex: □ Male
2. Year of graduation from dental school-----------------------------(8-9)
□ Female
HO)
4. Indicate the state and size of city in which you received the largest portion of your dental income in 1952: State--------------------------------------------size op city:
□ 5,000— 10,000
□
□ Under 1,000
□ 10,000— 25,000
□ 250,000— 500,000
□
1,000— 2,500
□ 2,500— 5,000
100,000— 250,000
□ 25,000— 50,000
□
□ 50,000— 100,000
□ Over 1,000,000
(11)
500,000—1,000,000
5. If the largest portion of your 1952 dental income was in one of the following large cities, please indicate: P New York, N. Y. □ Los Angeles, Calif. □ St. Louis, Mo. ( 12) □ Chicago, 111. O Detroit, Mich. □ Washington, D. C. □ Philadelphia, Pa. □ Baltimore, Md. □ Boston, Mass. □ Cleveland, Ohio □ San Francisco, Calif. 6. Indicate the approximate percentage of your total net dental income in 1952 received from the types of dental practice or dental work listed below (should add to 100%); (The term “ independent practice” includes all dentists in private practice except dentists employed by other dentists.)
Independent practice without partners and with no sharing of costs of offices, assistants, etc................... - ................................................................................................................. ..................% (13) Independent practice without partners, but sharing costs of offices or assistants, etc. {without dividing net income on a percentage basis)................................................................ .................. %
(14)
Independent practice as a partner in a complete partnership (net income divided among partners).................................................................................................... .................................. .................. %
Employed by another dentist (on salary, commission, or percentage)..................................................... % In armed forces............................................................................................................... ................... % On staff of dental school....................................................................................................
_ ______ %
Other position as salaried dentist (specify)____________________________________________________ % T otal
1 00 %
(15)
REPORTS O F C O U N C I L S A N D BUREAUS .
VO LUM E 47, DECEMBER 1953 • 687
Please record your 1952 d en tal income and expenses in items 7 through 11. When listing amounts, please omit cents.
Payments to employees made on a commission or percentage basis should be regarded the same as salary. Dentists in independent practice who pay assistant dentists or dental hygienists on this basis should include these amounts in both gross income and professional expenses. If you pay yourself a “ salary” or if you are in partnership and receive a “ salary” before remaining income is divided among partners, record such income in item 7 (not in item 10). 7. Gross receipts from independent practice {exclude pay received as a salaried employee)
$_______ (16- 18)
8. Total professional expenses of independent practice (if you shared expenses, enter only your sfutre).......................................................................................................................
$----------- (19-21)
9. Net income from independent practice before paying income taxes {this amount should equal item 7 minus item 8 )...............................................................................................
$----------- (22-24)
10. Salary (including commissions) received by you as an employed dentist {before deduc tions for income taxes, social security, bonds, etc.)................ - .......................................... $------------(25-27) 11. Your total net income from all dental work before paying income taxes {should equal the sum of items 9 and 10)..................................................................................... -........ $------------ (28-30} 12. Of your total gross receipts from independent practice in 1952, approximately what percentage (31-32) was in payment for the following types of dental services? {If this information is not available and (33-34) you cannot make a good estimate, write in “NA” .) (35-36) (37-38) Fillings (including inlays)....- ....... ............. % Orthodontic treatment.................. ...............% (39-40) Crowns, bridges and dentures...... ............. % Oral surgery (including extractions)................................ ............. %
All other dental work................... ............... % (41-42) TOTAL 100%
Periodontal treatment.................. ............. % 13. Professional expenses of independent practice during 1952 (please omit cents when listing amounts): Office rent {if you own your office, please estimate)............................................................ $------------(43*45) Utilities {light, gas, telephone)........................................................................................... $------------(46-48) Depreciation on equipment.............. ............................................................................... $------------ (49-51) Insurance {liability and equipment).................................................................................. $------------(52-54) Travel to professional meetings, society dues, journals, etc............................................. $------------(55*57) Commercial prosthetic laboratory charges....................................................................... $------------(58*60) Dental supplies, drugs, etc. {not equipment or office supplies)........................................... $------------ (61-63) Dentists employed by you................................................................................................ $------------(64-66) Dental hygienists.............................................................................................................. $------------ (67-69) Dental technicians............................................................................................................. $------------(70-72) •Dental assistants {chairside)............................................................................................. $------------ (73-75) •Secretaries and receptionists............................................................................ - .............. $------------(76-78) Other expenses 0laundry» office supplies, office maintenance, etc.)...................................... $------------(6-8) TOTAL expenses {should be same as item 8)..................................................... $------------(9-1 u *An employee who acts as a secretary or receptionist, but also provides some chairside assistance, should be counted as a dental assistant.
% 688 • THE JO U R N A L OF THE A M E R IC A N DENTAL A SSO C IA TIO N
14. Indicate the number of auxiliary personnel employed by you during1982. (A personwho did not ¡12-13) work full time or did not work during the whole year shouldbe counted asa fraction. Thus, a half-time (14-15) employee, or an employee who worked six months, should be recorded as “ %” .) (16-17) Dentists........... ......................... .................
Dental assistants (chairside)... .............. (18-19)
Dental hygienists...................... ................
Secretaries and receptionists... .............. (20-2 U
Dental technicians..................... .............. 15. How many weeks did you work as a practicing (chairside) dentist in 1952 (regardless of whether full-time or part-time)?.............................................................................. ................ weeks (22-23) 16. Answer this question only if you engaged in types of dental work other than chairside practice, such as teaching, administration or research, during part or all of 1952: How many weeks did you work as a dentist in 1952, counting all types of dental work (regardless of whether full-time or part-time)'!............................ ....................... ................ weeks (24-25) 17. How many weeks did you spend on vacation in 1952?............................................ ................ weeks (24-27) 18. How many days were you absent from work in 1952 because of illness or other disability?.................................................................................................................. .............. days
128-30 )
19. For the average week you worked as a practicing (chairside) dentist in 1952, estimate the number of hours normally spent as follows: Hours at the chair...................................... ...............hours per week
(31-32)
Hours in the laboratory............................. . ...............hours per week
(33-34)
Other hours in dental office......................... ...............hours per week
(35-361
T otal hours in dental office.................. ................ hours per week
(37-38)
20. How many d iffe re n t patients (individuals) did you treat or examine during 1952? (Include patients treated or examined by employed dentists and dental hygienists.)................................................................................................................ patients (39-43 21. How many patient visits (sittings) did you and your employees have in 1952?....________sittings (44-48) 22. What was the usual length of your patient appointments in 1952?
(491
□ 30 minutes
□
hours
□ 45 minutes
□ 2 hours
□ 1 hour
□ Other (specify)________________________________________
23. During 1952, approximately how long did your average patient have to wait for an appointment (excluding emergency cases and patients who have been scheduled for a series of treatments)? □ One or two days
□ Three weeks
□ Three to six days
□ Four weeks
□ One week
□ Five weeks
□ Two weeks
□ Six weeks or more
(50)
REPORTS OF C O U N C ILS A N D BUREAUS . . . VO LUM E 47, DECEMBER 1953 • 689
24. If you were an independent dentist during 1952, which of the following statements comes closest to describing your practice for the year as a whole? (511 □
Because of the length of your appointment list, some persons who contacted you for dental care actually obtained this care from another dentist.
□
You provided dental care for all who requested appointments, but you felt more rushed and worked more hours than you would have liked.
□
There was a good balance between the number of persons who contacted you for dental care and
your ability to provide this care. □ You did not have as many patients as you would have liked. If so, about how many more patients would you have liked?.......................................... .................. patients (52-54) 25. Were you a member of the A m e r i c a n □ Yes □ No
D e n t a l A s s o c ia t io n
in 1952? (55)
26. How many dental chairs in your office were
used by youandyour employees in 1952? ________ chairs
(56)
27. Did you have X-ray equipment in your office in 1952? □ Yes □ No
(57)
28. Did you have equipment for administering general anesthesia (gas) in your office in 1952? □ Yes □ No
(581
29. What percentage of your 1951 gross charges
remains uncollected?...................... ............... % (59-60)
30. In what type of practice were you engaged in 1952? □ General practitioner
□ Specialist
(61)
If you were a specialist, mark one specialty below: □ Oral surgeon
□ Prosthodontist
□ Orthodontist
□ Oral pathologist
(62 )
□ Pedodontist
□ Public health dentist
□ Periodontist
□ Other (specify) -------------------------------------------------------------
31. Suppose you were hiring a dental assistant, and there were prospects available with the following back grounds. Which would you prefer? □
Training in a school fordental assistants
(63)
□ Experience as an assistant in a dental office □ Clerical training (typing, bookkeeping, etc.) □ Other (specify)—---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32. If youbelieve that training in aschool fordental assistants is desirable, how long a course do you recommend? (64) □ One academic year (9 months), full-time (or equivalent) □ One-half academic year (414 months), full-time (or equivalent) □ One-third academic year (3 months), full-time (or equivalent) □ Three or four weeks, full-time (or equivalent) □
Other (specify)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- —
690 • THE JO U R N A L OF TH E A M ERICAN DENTAL A SSO C IA T IO N
Table 1 • Geographical distribution o f all dentists and of dentists participating in the 1953 Survey of Denta Practice Percentage distribution of all dentists*
Region
Percentage distribution of respondents
N ew England (Conn., Maine, Mass., N .H ., R.I., Vt.)
7.3
5.4
Middle East (Del., D .C ., Md., N .J., N .Y ., Pa., W .Va.)
30.4
2é.4
Southeast (Ala., Ark., Fla., G o ., Ky., la ., Miss., N .C ., S .C ., Tenn., Va.)
11.2
11.2
4.5
4.4
29.3
31.0
Southwest (Arlz., N .M ex., O kla., Texas) Central (III.,. Ind., Iowa, Mich., Minn., Mo., Ohio, W is.) Northwest (Colo., Idaho, Kans., Mont., N eb., N.Dak., S.Dak., Utah, W yo.l
5.2
6.3
Far W est (C alif., N ev., O re., Wash.)
12.1
15.3
100.0
100.0
Total
*Based on count of dentists listed in 1953 Am erican Dental Directory.
the mailing list. After excluding returns from dentists no longer active in the pro fession and returns that were not usable, the net sample consisted of 4,552 ques tionnaires. Although the percentage of returns
was satisfactory in comparison to other surveys of this type, there is always the question of whether the dentists cooperat ing were representative o f dentists in general throughout the United States. The available evidence on this question
Per Cent
New England
Middle East
Southeast
Southwest
Central
Northwest
Far West
Fig. 1 ' G eographical distribution of all dentists and of dentists participating in the 1953 Survey of D ental Practice
REPORTS O F C O U N C ILS A N D BUREAUS
consists mainly of the distribution of re spondents with respect to region, age, and membership in the Association, as com pared to existing information on these three variables respecting dentists in general. Table 1 and Figure 1 indicate that the geographic representation of the sample corresponds closely with the geographic distribution of dentists in general. As is usual in this type of survey, dentists in the Far West and Northwest tended to be represented better than average, and dentists in New England and the Middle East tended toward under-response. These deviations from the norm were relatively slight, however. Tables 2 and 3 compare the age dis tribution o f the survey sample with that of all dentists in 1949 and with that of employed male dentists enumerated in the 1950 census. Retired dentists were included in the 1949 distribution but not in the census figures. It appears that the representation of dentists 65 and older in the survey sample is somewhat low and that dentists in their thirties are over represented. The large graduating classes of 1950, 1951 and 1952, consisting largely of veterans in their thirties, has un doubtedly resulted in an increase in the Table 2 • Age distribution of all dentists in 1949 and of dentists participating in the 1953 Survey of Dental Practice Age
Percentage distribution of all dentists in 1949*
Percentage distribution of respondents
-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-
.6 7.3 10.4 10.9 13.0 13.7 13.6 10.6 6.8 5.3 4.4 3.4
— 7.2 17.7 14.4 11.0 13.7 12.9 10.6 6.4 2.8 1.7 1.6
Total
100.0
100.0
*Based on a large random sample of dentists in mid1949.
. VO LUM E 47, DECEMBER 1953 • 691
Table 3 • Age distribution of employed male dentists enumerated in the 1950 census and of dentists par ticipating in the 1953 Survey of Dental Practice Age
Percentage distribution Percentage distribution of male dentists of respondents in 1950 census*
-24 25-29 30-34 35-44 45-54 55-59 60-64 65-
.9 9.8 11.1 23.8 27.2 10.6 6.5 10.1
7.2 17.7 25.4 26.6 10.6 6.4 6.1
Total
100.0
100.0
—
_*From 1950 United States Census of Population, Bulle tin P-Ct, Bureau of the Census.
proportion of dentists of this age over the figures shown in the 1949 and 1950 age distributions. As is usual in a mail survey of dentists, nonmembers of the American Dental Association did not respond as well as members. Whereas among all active den tists about 80 per cent are members, 93.5 per cent of survey participants who an swered the question regarding member ship indicated they were members. Serious consideration was given to the question of whether to “ weight” the non members by reproducing the punch cards on the nonmembers a sufficient number of times so that nonmembers would com prise approximately 20 per cent of the total. Between three and four duplicate sets o f cards would have been required, however. It was believed that this would magnify the sampling error among the nonmembers to an undesirable extent; also, it could tend to distort the repre sentativeness of the sample with respect to other variables. Several other reasons entered into the decision not to weight the nonmembers, including the fact that averages would be changed relatively little by so doing because of the great preponderance of Association members. The findings o f the 1953 Survey o f Dental Practice will be presented serially in subsequent issues o f t h e j o u r n a l . B. Duane M oen, Director
692 • THE JO URN AL OF THE AM ERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION
BUREAU O F LIBRARY AND INDEXING SERVICE
The American Dental Association Film Library The Film Library has purchased several prints of the films reviewed in this article since there have been so many requests for films on orthodontics or related sub ject matter. Any information on more recently produced films on this topic will be appreciated. The films reviewed may be rented for $2.50 each. It is suggested, however, that film users plan their pro grams far enough in advance to insure availability. FILM REVIEWS
Practical Preventive Orthodontics • 16 mm., color, silent, 800 ft., 32 minutes. Produced in 1941 by L e o R . Schwartz, D .D .S., and M ax J. Futterman, D .D .S. Photography by W orld W id e Organization o f Am ateur Moviemakers. Procurable on loan ($ 2 .5 0 ) from the Am er ican D ental Association Film Library, 222 E. Superior St., Chicago. T he film opens w ith a statement of the film’ s purposes w hich are: A. T o show harmful effects to periodontal structures when there is a buccolingual dis placem ent o f teeth. B. T o show deleterious effect on occlusion when such a condition is not treated early. C. T o show a simple technical procedure fo r the m ovem ent of a tooth from linguoversion to a correct buccal position when there is sufficient space . D. T o show the effect on occlusion of prolonged retention o f deciduous teeth. This is follow ed by intraoral photographs o f patients illustrating these various defects. In one instance prolonged retention o f roots had resulted in a deep overbite which caused traumatic occlusion and inflamed tissues around the low er anterior teeth. In another instance where a replacement for a tooth was needed, the steps in impression taking are demonstrated. T h e technic for fitting bands around deciduous molars is shown clearly. T he film concludes with photographs o f these same patients showing all the appliances removed and the defects corrected. Although this film is over ten years old, some o f the technics are still used. It is suit
able for dental students, hospital dental staffs, and general practitioners. T he Physiology of M astication. (A Cinefluorographic Study of the Hum an M asticatory Apparatus in F u nction ) • 16 mm ., color, silent, 500 ft., 20 minutes. Produced in 1939 by M eyer Klatsky, D .D .S., assisted by Professor W . H. Stewart, L en ox H ill H ospital, New York. Procurable on loan ($2.50) from the Am erican D ental Association Film Library, 222 E. Superior St., Chicago. N o copies are available for purchase. A ccordin g to the producer, cinefluorography is the transmission to m otion picture film of the image seen on the fluoroscopic screen. This film was produced to show a m ethod of ob serving internal organs and systems during function, to stimulate m ore research on the physiology of mastication and to stress the physical effect o f foods on the health and dis ease of the masticatory organs and teeth. T he film opens with photographs o f the anatomic parts o f the human masticatory organs of a subject with normal occlusion. T h e side-to-side movements m ade possible by the com plex m andibular joint, the condylar movements in the articular fossa, and the upand-down movements o f the hyoid bone are clearly visible during mastication and degluti tion. Experiments with soft bread, orange, hard bread, celery, steak and dry corn are illustrated through cinefluorography. T he last two scenes show two other subjects, a man w ho has lost his posterior teeth and has had no replacements and a wom an whose lower posterior teeth have been replaced. In the former, the abnorm al chewing is seen, the tongue constantly tossing the food to the anterior part o f the m outh to the incisors and cuspids in order that they m ay perform the grinding and chew ing w hich are normally per form ed by the bicuspids and molars. In the latter case, however, the replacement has restored normal mastication. This film is well presented; although it is silent, the captions make it understandable. Technically it is not on a par with current film processing; however, this does not de tract from its instructional value in a course on anatomy or orthodontics. It may interest general practitioners, dental hospital staffs, dental students, orthodontists and prosthodon tists.
REPORTS O F C O U N C ILS A N D BUREAUS . . . VO LUM E 47, DECEMBER 1953 • 693
COUNCIL ON DENTAL RESEARCH
List of certified dental materials revised to November 15, 1953 Because there has been some confusion regarding certified dental materials, the Council on Dental Research presents this summary to clarify the operation of its certification plan. The first fundamental item in this plan is the existence of official American Dental Association Specifications for Dental Materials. These specifications are the outcome of research by the American Dental Association Research Fellowship at the National Bureau of Standards correlated with the clinical experience of members of the Association. As the second step in the operation of the plan, the manufacturers are in vited to certify to the Council on Dental Research that their products comply with the specifications. It would be manifestly impossible for the Council (through the American Dental Association Research Fellowship at the National Bureau of Standards) to test every lot of every cer tified material. For this reason, the Coun cil has required that the manufacturer, on certifying a product, not only must guarantee that this product meets speci fication requirements but also must fur nish evidence that he maintains a testing program adequate to insure continual compliance of the product. On receipt of a certification for a new product with all required data, the Coun cil procures a random sample through regular trade channels, usually by asking a dentist to act as its agent. This sample is tested for compliance with all speci fication requirements. Only when the certification is complete and in proper form and the sample has passed all speci fication tests does the Council accept the manufacturer’s certification. The name of
the product is then added to the list of certified dental materials. This, however, is not the complete story. The continuation of any product on the list of certified dental materials is contingent on its maintenance at spec ification quality. Surveys of all products on the list are made by the American Dental Association Research Fellowship at the Council’s direction. These surveys are made on samples procured on the open market. Whenever a material fails to comply with the specification require ments, it is removed from the list and the manufacturer is notified that his cer tification of the product is no longer acceptable. Thus, although the Council cannot test the entire production of den tal materials, its certification plan calls for continuous testing by the manufac turer and check tests by the Fellowship so that a constantly high level of quality of the products on the list will be main tained. Revisions of the list appear in TH E JOURNAL OF T H E AMERICAN DENTAL
from time to time. Lately there have appeared through the mail some advertisements for amal gam alloys, mercuries, zinc phosphate ce ments and acrylic resins with statements that the manufacturer guarantees them to comply with the specifications of the American Dental Association. An exam ination of the list of certified dental ma terials shows that some of the materials that have been so advertised have not been certified by their manufacturers to the Council on Dental Research. The cer tification program is financed jointly by federal and American Dental Associa tion funds, and no charge whatsoever is made to the manufacturer. If a manu-
a s s o c ia tio n
694 • T H E J O U R N A L OF THE A M E R IC A N DENTAL A SSO C IA T IO N
facturer is regularly testing his material, then the only expense he will have in certifying the material to the Council is the cost of the three cent stamp re quired for mailing the certificate and data. When a dentist sees a statement such as, “ Every batch o f this alloy is carefully tested before being released for shipment to be sure that it fully meets A.D.A. specifications,” he should be cer tain to check the list of certified dental
materials to see if the product appears there. In the purchase of certified material for use in dental practice, this list should be used as a buyer’ s guide. In addition, the package of material received should be checked for its exact name as given in the list and for a statement thereon guaranteeing compliance with the speci fication. The Council should be notified of any discrepancies.
CERTIFIED AMALGAM ALLOYS (A .D .A . SPECIFICATION NO. 1 )
Alloy
M anufacturer or distributor
Abner Fine Cut A ccurate M etalloy (filings) Argentum “ A ” cu t; fine cu t; medium cu t; shavings Aristaloy Banner (filings) Baring (im proved fine cut) Brewster M edium Certified Cresilver Dee (filings) Excel Fellowship Filling alloy, fine grain Fleck’ s Garfield’ s G old Bond H & M Special Lustraloy Regular M inim ax (filings) 173; 177; 178; 178 fine cu t; 183; W hite G old & Platinum; (shavings) 177; 178 Mission No. 5 ; N o. 5 “ A ” Cut M od eloy (quick setting filings) M ynol Im proved National D ental N ew Deal O ceanic Filling A lloy O dontographic “ Im proved” (filings) Pearlol Peerless Precision Research Oralloy Royal Super First Setting Safco 69 Silver Crown Fast; M ed iu m ; Slow ; N on Zinc Silverloy (filin g s ); F.C. # 2 0 for Propor tio n e d (shavings) Speyer S-C M edium (filings) Standard Stratco
Abner Alloys Go. T h e L. D . Caulk Co. H am m ond Dental M fg. Co. Baker & C o., Inc. Goldsmith Bros. Smelting & Refining Co. Baring Smelting & Refining Co. Brewster Laboratories Lee S. Smith & Son M fg. Co. Crescent D ental M fg. Co. Kerr M fg. Co. Daniels Dental A lloy Co. Dental Protective Supply Co. Abe Bass Mizzy, Inc. Garfield Smelting & Refining Co. Jefferson Dental Supply Co. Hauser and M iller Pfingst & Co. T h e M inim ax Co.
Henry F. Bruce Co. Crescent Dental M fg. Co. M ynol Chem ical Co. Eskay D ental Products M iller Dental Co. O ceanic Chem ical C o., Inc. O dontographic M fg. Co. W ildberg Bros. Smelting & Refining Co. Herbert D . Damsky Precision Bur Co. Precious Metals Research Works, Inc. Garhart Dental Specialty Co. Safco Laboratories General Refineries, Inc. Crescent Dental M fg. Co. Speyer Smelting & Refining Co. Stratford-Cookson Co. Standard D ental Products Co. Edward P. Stratt
REPORTS O F C O U N C ILS A N D BUREAUS
Tri-Alloy True Dentalloy (filings) ; Cut “ A ” Twentieth Century Regular; Special; Fine Cut; Non Zinc Ultra Brand Vertex • White Beauty Yates Balanced
VO LUM E 47, DECEMBER 1953 •
Tri-Boro Dental Supply Co., Inc. The S. S. White Dental M fg. Co. The L. D. Caulk Co. H. Jelinek Vertex Dental Products Co. Lang Dental Mfg. Co. J. Yates Dental Mfg. Co.
CERTIFIED IN L A Y CASTING IN V E STM E N TS
(A .D .A . SPECIFICATION NO.
Investm ent
M anufacturer or distributor
Baker Cristobalite Beauty-Cast Kerr Cristobalite-Inlay Ransom and Randolph Gray Security Improved Inlay Steele’s-Super
Baker & Co., Inc. Whip-Mix Corp., Inc. Kerr Mfg. Co. The Ransom & Randolph Co. The Cleveland Dental Mfg. Co. The Ransom & Randolph Co.
CERTIFIED IM PRESSION COM POUNDS (A .D .A . SPECIFICATION NO.
T ype
Com pound
Certified Exact Kerr Perfection; No. 2 Soft Green; Gray ; White ; Black Mizzy— Low Heat S. S. White— Black— Tray
2)
3)
M anufacturer or distributor
I I I
Lee S. Smith & Son Mfg. Co. The S. S. White Dental M fg. Co. Kerr Mfg. Co.
I II
Mizzy, Inc. The S. S. White Dental M fg. Co.
CERTIFIED IN LAY CASTING W AXES (A .D .A . SPECIFICATION NO.
4)
W ax
M anufacturer or distributor
Baker-Blue— regular medium Caulk-Blue Kerr-Blue— Hard Security Taggart’s Blue
Baker & Co., Inc. The L. D. Caulk Co. Kerr Mfg. Co. The Cleveland Dental Mfg. Co. Mizzy, Inc.
CERTIFIED IN LAY CASTING GOLD ALLOYS (A .D .A. SPECIFICATION NO.
5)
TYPE A, SOFT
A lloy
Aderer-A-Soft Baker Inlay Soft Bruce “ A” Chilcast No. 1 Coe 1 Crown Inlay No. 2 Soft; K Deeone GB Inlay No. 1 Soft Jelenko Special Inlay Krause Soft Inlay
M anufacturer or distributor
Julius Aderer, Inc. Baker & Co., Inc. Henry F. Bruce Co. Vernon-Benshoff Co. Coe Laboratories, Inc. General Refineries, Inc. Dee Division of Handy & Harman Goldsmith Bros. Smelting & Refining Co. J. F. Jelenko & Co., Inc. Krause Gold Refinery
6 % • THE JO U R N A L OF THE A M E R IC A N DENTAL A SSO C IA T IO N
L eff Light Inlay Luft “ A ” M ow rey’s S -l N ey-O ro A ; A A N oble N o. 1 Research A Spyco S o ft; Eleven S. S. W hite N o. 2 ; 900 Soft; 940 Very Soft Stern S W ildberg A - 2 Wilkinson 2S Williams Inlay 3 ; W ill-Cast 22
Benjamin R. L eff John Luft Prescription Alloys W . E. M ow rey Co. T he J. M . N ey Co. N oble Metals & Alloys Co. Precious M etals Research Works, Inc. Spyco Smelting & Refining Co. The S. S. W hite Dental M fg. Co. I. Stern & C o., Inc. W ildberg Bros. Smelting & Refining Co. Wilkinson Co. T h e Williams G old Refining C o., Inc.
TYPE B, MEDIUM
Alloy
M anufacturer or distributor
A derer-B-M edium A leco N o. 1 ; No. 2 Baker Inlay M edium Bruce “ O ” Chilcast M ; I M ; 2M C oe 2 Crown Inlay No. 1 H ard ; K napp No. 2 ; T D eetw o GB Inlay N o. 2 M edium Hard Jelenko M od u la y; Platincast Krause H ard Inlay L eff M edium Soft Lu ft “ B” M ow rey’ s B -Inlay; S -2 ; No. 91 N ey-O ro A - l ; A-10 N oble N o. 2 Spyco In lay; M edium , Tinker one S. S. W hite No. 1; No. 5 ; N o. 820 Stern 1 ; N o. 3290 W ildberg “ A ” ; C-2 Wilkinson 8M Williams Pioneer; Special In lay; One “ Inlay”
Julius Aderer, Inc. A. L. Engelhardt' Co. Baker & C o., Inc. H enry F. Bruce Co. Vernon-Benshoff Co. C oe Laboratories, Inc. General Refineries, Inc. D ee Division o f H andy & Harman Goldsm ith Bros. Smelting & Refining Co. J. F. Jelenko & C o., Inc. Krause G old Refinery Benjamin R . L eff John Luft Prescription Alloys W . E. M ow rey Co. T h e J. M . Ney Co. N oble Metals & Alloys Co. Spyco Smelting & Refining Co. T he S. S. W hite Dental M fg. Co. I. Stern & C o., Inc. W ildberg Bros. Smelting & Refining Co. Wilkinson Co. T he W illiams G old Refining Co., Inc.
TYPE C, HARD
Alloy
M anufacturer or distributor
Aderer-C -H ard ; “ Dressel” A leco No. 4 Baker H ard Inlay Bruce N o. 5 Chilcast N o. 2 ; No. 2-H Coe 3 Crown N o. 9 ; K napp No. 3 ; Supreme Inlay; TT Deesix GB Inlay N o. 3 Hard Jelenko D urocast; Firmilay L eff C Luft “ C ” M ow rey’ s S -3 ; Special; No. 120
Julius Aderer, Inc. A. L. Engelhardt Co. Baker & C o., Inc. Henry F. Bruce Co. Vernon-Benshoff Co. Coe Laboratories, Inc. General Refineries, Inc. D ee Division o f H andy & Harman Goldsmith Bros. Smelting & Refining Co. J. F. Jelenko & Co., Inc. Benjamin R . L eff John L u ft Prescription Alloys W. E. M ow rey Co.
REPORTS O F C O U N C ILS A N D BUREAUS . . . VO LUM E 47, DECEMBER 1953 • 697
N ey-O ro B ; B -2 ; BW N oble N o. 3 Research N o. 5 ; “ Inlay” Spyco N o. O n e -H ; S ix; Tinker T w o ; Hard S. S. W hite No. 8 ; No. 13; 860 Hard Stern 2 ; 3 3 3 7; 3465; H W ildberg “ C ” ; B Williams K lon diker; Special “ Four”
T h e J. M . N ey Co. N oble Metals & Alloys Co. Precious Metals Research Works, Inc. Spyco Smelting & Refining Co. T h e S. S. W hite D ental M fg. Co. I. Stern & C o., Inc. W ildberg Bros. Smelting & Refining Co. The Williams G old Refining C o., Inc.
CERTIFIED DENTAL MERCURIES ( a .d .a . SPECIFICATION N O. 6 )
M ercury
M anufacturer or distributor
Argentum Ballard’ s Certified Chem ically Pure C. P. M ercury Crown D ee Brilliant Dental D ental, C. P. Fellowship Garfield’ s Garhart’ s P^-itively Pure Krause’ s Pure M ercury C. P. M ercury C. P. M ercury N. F. I X Redistilled M inim ax Mission M ynol Ney O dontographic Research Spectropure Spyco Tw entieth Century Williams
H am m ond Dental M fg. Co. Quicksilver Producers Association Lee S. Smith & Son M fg. Co. T h e S. S. W hite Dental M fg. Co. Goldsmith Bros. Smelting & Refining Co. General Refineries, Inc. K err M fg. Co. D rug Laboratories, Inc. F. W . Berk & C o., Inc. Dental Protective Supply Co. Garfield Smelting & Refining Co. Garhart D ental Specialty Co. Krause G old Refineries Metalsalts Corp. W ildberg Bros. Smelting & Refining Co. M allinckrodt Chemical Works T h e M inim ax Co. Henry F. Bruce Co. M ynol Chem ical Co. The J. M . Ney Co. O dontographic M fg. Co. Precious Metals Research Works, Inc. Baker & Co., Inc. Spyco Smelting & Refining Co. T he L. D . Caulk Co. T he Williams G old Refining Co., Inc. (Applies to W illiams’ one pound bottles only, as quarter pound containers are not glass.)
CERTIFIED W RO U G H T GOLD WIRE ALLOYS
(a .D .A . SPECIFICATION NO. 7 )
Alloy
M anufacturer or distributor
A derer No. 1; No. 3 ; No. 4 ; No. 20 Clasp Baker Q . A. Crow n Hylastic D eepep-H ard GB Extra H igh Fusing; M edium Fusing; Regular H igh Fusing Jelenko No. 3 W ire; Super Wire N ey-O ro Elastic No. 4 Spyco N o. 2 ; N o. 4 S. S. W hite No. 12; N o. 61 M etalba Stern N o. 2657 Vernon-Benshoff Clasp W ire No. 6 W illiams No. 1 Super; No. 2 H igh Fusing C lasp; No. 3 H igh Tensile
Julius Aderer, Inc. Baker & C o., Inc. General Refineries, Inc. D ee Division of Handy & Harman Goldsm ith Bros. Smelting & Refining Co. J. F. Jelenko & Co., Inc. T he J. M . Ney Co. Spyco Smelting & Refining Co. T h e S. S. W hite Dental M fg. Co. I. Stern and Co., Inc. Vernon-Benshoff Co. T h e W illiams G old Refining C o., Inc.
698 • THE JO U R N A L OF THE A M E R IC A N DENTAL A SSO C IA TIO N
CERTIFIED ZINC PH O S P H A T E CEM EN TS (A .D .A. SPECIFICATION NO. 8 , FIRST REVISION)
Cem ent
M anufacturer or distributor
Ames Z -M Bosworth’s Z inc Caulk Crow n and B ridge; Petroid Im p rov ed ; Tenacin Certicem Fleck’ s Extraordinary Lang C row n Bridge and Inlay S-C Smith’ s S. S. W hite Silver Im proved; Z in c ; Z inc Im proved
T h e W . V -B Ames Co. Harry J. Bosworth Co. T he L. D . Caulk Co. Lee S. Smith & Son M fg. Co. Mizzy, Inc. Lang Dental M fg. Co. Stratford-Cookson Co. Lee S. Smith & Son M fg. Co. T he S. S. W hite D ental M fg. Co.
CERTIFIED SILICATE CEMENTS (A .D .A . SPECIFICATION NO. 9 )
Cem ent
M anufacturer or distributor
Ames Plastic Porcelain Astralit Baker Plastic Porcelain Diafil D eT rey’ s Synthetic Porcelain; Syntrex D urodent Enamel Smith’s Certified Enamel Im proved S. S. W hite Filling Porcelain Im proved
T he W . V -B Ames Co. Premier Dental Products Co. Baker & C o., Inc. Pfingst & C o., Inc. T he L . D . Caulk Co. Oskar Schaefer Lee S. Smith & Son M fg. Co. T he S. S. W hite Dental M fg. Co.
CERTIFIED HYDROCOLLOID AL IM PRESSION M ATERIALS---- AGAR TYPE ( a .d .a . SPECIFICATION NO. 1 1 )
M aterial
M anufacturer or distributor
C oe-L oid 66 Deelastic D entocoll Elastic C olloid K err H ydro-C olloid Perfectocoll Plasticoll Surgident
Coe Laboratories, Inc. K err M fg. Co. T he L. D . Caulk Co. T h e S. S. W hite Dental M fg. Co. K err M fg. Co. Baker & C o., Inc. Lee S. Smith & Son M fg. Co. Surgident, Ltd.
CERTIFIED DENTURE RESINS (A .D .A . SPECIFICATION NO. 1 2 )
Material Acralite A c-R il A cri-Lux Acrylic A Pink Acrylic A M ottled Acrylic A O range Pink B-B Certified C oe Acrylic Coralite
Form C lear; pin k; pow der-liquid Pink; pow der-liquid Pink; pow der-liquid [Pink; pow der-liquid] •j P in k; pow der-liquid }• [P in k; pow der-liquid j C lear; pin k; powder-liquid C lear; p in k ; powder-liquid Pink; powder-liquid P in k; pow der-liquid
M anufacturer or distributor Acralite C o., Inc. A c-R il Dental Corporation A cri-L u x D ental M fg. Co. Austenal Laboratories, Inc. Bell D ental Products Co. Lee S. Smith & Son M fg. Co. C oe Laboratories, Inc. Coralite D ental Products Co.
REPORTS O F C O U N C ILS A N D BUREAUS .
Crystolex, Regular Crystolex, Form 102 Densene 33 Denture Acrylic Enciton Hygienic Im proved Justi-Tone T -3 ; Justi-Tone Jectron Lang’ s Loktone Lucitone Luxene 44 Marvel M iracryl O palex “ 45” O ryl Brand Palatex Perma Cryl Premier Q . E. D. Standard Brand Vernonite V itacrilic D , L V ita-L ite Vitalon
fP in k; pow der-liquid} ) Pink; pow der-liquidj C lear; pink; pow der-liquid C lear; pink; pow der-liquid Pink; pow der-liquid Pink; pow der-liquid \Pink; pow der-liquid) \Pink; pow der-liquidj Pink; precured blank Pink; pow der-liquid C lear; pink; pow der-liquid fC lea r; pink; plastic cake ] ] C lear; pink; pow d er-liqu idj Pink; plastic cake Pink; pow der-liquid Pink; pow der-liquid Pink; pow der-liquid Pink; pow der-liquid Pink; pow der-liquid Pink; pow der-liquid C lear; pin k; pow der-liquid Pink; powder-liquid Pink ; powder-liquid fC lea r; pink; plastic cake! | P in k; pow der-liquid J Pink; pow der-liquid C lear; pink; pow der-liquid Pink; powder-liquid
VO LUM E 47, DECEMBER 1953 • 699
K err M fg. Co. Cosmos D ental Products Co. The S. S. W hite Dental M fg. Co. T h e L. D. Caulk Co. T h e H ygienic D ental M fg. Co. H. D . Justi & Son, Inc. T oled o Dental Products Co. Lang D ental M fg. Co. Myerson T ooth Corporation T h e L. D. Caulk Co. Luxene, Inc. M arvel Dental Products Co. T h e M otloid C o., Inc. T h e O palex Co. T h e W m . Getz Corporation R ockland D ental Co., Inc. A cri-Lux D ental M fg. Co. Premier Dental Products Co. H. D . Justi & Son, Inc. R ay Foster D ental Supplies Vernon-Benshoff Co. Fricke D ental M fg. Co. V ita-L ite Products Co. Austenal Laboratories, Inc.