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Three new Empalactis species and one new Bagdadia species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Vietnam
Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (xxxx) xxx
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Original Article
Three new Empalactis species and one new Bagdadia species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Vietnam Kyu-Tek Park a, Sangmi Lee b, Yang-Seop Bae a, * a b
BioeResource and Environmental Center, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea Hasbrouck Insect Collection, School of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 874108, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287e4108, USA
a r t i c l e i n f o
a b s t r a c t
Article history: Received 26 March 2019 Received in revised form 13 May 2019 Accepted 6 June 2019 Available online xxx
Three new species of the genus Empalactis Meyrick (Empalactis backanensis Park, sp. nov., Empalactis curvatilis Park, sp. nov., and Empalactis scolosetes Park, sp. nov.) and one new species of the genus Bagdadia Amsel (Bagdadia globulibasis Park, sp. nov.) are described from the northern Vietnam. These two genera are reported for the first time from Vietnam. Images and genitalia of the new species are illustrated. Ó 2019 National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Publishing Services by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Keywords: backanensis Chelariini curvatilis globulibasis scolosetes
Introduction Genus Empalactis Meyrick, 1925, is one of the genera in the tribe Chelariini (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Dichomeridinae) and is closely related to the genus Hypatima Hübner, [1825]. In 2009, Ponomarenko synonymized Dendrophilia Ponomarenko, 1993, with Empalactis Meyrick. The male genitalia of Empalactis can be defined by the following characters: uncus more or less kernel-shaped, with a beak-like median projection ventrally; valva narrow, curved basally and dilated distally; juxta fused with posterior margin of vinculum, with often slender or digitate caudal lobes; valvella fused with aedeagus, digitate; saccus very long, divided into two lateral sclerites; and aedeagus globularly inflated basally, slender in the rest, slightly bent in S-shape. The genus was divided into two subgenera, Empalactis Meyrick and Microdendrophilia Ponomarenko. It was listed with 23 previously described species mainly distributed in the south-eastern Asia and the Russian Far East, excepting 2 species [Empalactis metaphorica (Meyrick) and Empalactis sporogramma (Meyrick)] from Australia (Ponomarenko
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (Y.-S. Bae). Peer review under responsibility of National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA).
2009b). Then, additional two species, Empalactis ponomarenkoae Ueda, 2012 and Empalactis hiranoi Ueda, 2012 were described from Japan. Consequently, a total of 28 species including 3 new species are known worldwide: 11 species from the Russian Far East (Ponomarenko 2009), 12 species from China (Li and Zheng 1998; Li 2002), 4 species from Korea (Park and Ponomarenko 2007), 6 species from Japan (Ueda 2012, 2013, 2015), 2 species [Empalactis stictocosma (Meyrick) and Empalactis taphronoma (Meyrick)] from India, and 3 species [Empalactis hetaeropsis (Meyrick), Empalactis tetragama (Meyrick), and Empalactis tephroplintha (Meyrick)] from Indonesia (Ponomarenko 2009). In addition, 3 species are newly described from Vietnam herein. Genus Bagdadia Amsel, 1949, also belonging to the tribe Chelariini, was established based on the type species, Bagdadia irakella Amsel, 1949. It was enumerated with 13 species that are mainly distributed in East Asia (Ponomarenko 2009): 8 species known from the Russian Far East, 6 species from China, 2 species from Japan and Korea, respectively. In addition, a new species, Bagdadia globulibasis Park, sp. nov. is described herein. The genus is also close to Empalactis in the superficial and genital characters, but it can be differentiated by the male genital characters: uncus crown-shaped with double sclerotized articulations connecting tegumen. The previously known genus Carpidentalia Park was previously synonymized with this genus (Sattler 1999). Here, three new species of Empalactis and one new species of Bagdadia are newly described and illustrated.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.06.003 pISSN2287-884X eISSN2287-9544/Ó 2019 National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Publishing Services by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Please cite this article as: Park K-T et al., Three new Empalactis species and one new Bagdadia species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Vietnam, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.06.003
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Material and methods Specimen examined in this study was collected in the northern part of Vietnam, including Ba Be National Park, Bac Kan Province and Cuc Phuong National Park, Ninh Binh Province in 2006. For dissections of some genitalia, the tegumen, vinculum and valva, and aedeagus were detached and mounted separately following the method by Pitkin (1986). Genitalia were slide-mounted in Euparal, staining with Chlorazol Black, and wings were stained by DoubleStain (BioQuip products, Inc., CA, USA). Wingspans were measured from the apex of the left forewing to the apex of the right forewing. The color standard for descriptions of the new species followed Kornerup and Wanscher (1978). The types are provisionally deposited in the Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea. Systematic accounts Genus Empalactis Meyrick, 1925 Empalactis Meyrick, 1925: 170. Type species: Nothris sporogramma Meyrick, 1921: 433. ¼ Dendrophilia Ponomarenko, 1993: 57. Type species: Nothris albidella Snellen, 1884: 171.
Empalactis curvatilis Park, sp. nov. (Figures 1AeE and 2AeE(b)) LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6685B4FE-BDE6-426C-9D733DC53CB35CA3 Type material. Holotype: male, Vietnam, Nhin Binh Prov., Cuc Phuong Nat. Park, 200 m, 23 iv 2006 (coll. Park, Kim, & Kang), gen. slide no. CISe6983. Paratypes: 13_, 3\, same locality, 23e24 vi 2006 (coll. Park, Kim, Kang), gen. slide no. CISe6988(_), e6989(_), e6990(\), 6991(\), 6992(\), 6993(\), wing slide no. CISe6994. Diagnosis. The new species is superficially similar to the following new species, E. backanensis Park, sp. nov. and E. scolosetes Park, sp. nov. with a similar forewing maculation, but it can be distinguished by the male genitalia having the caudal process of juxta poorly developed, just short, digitate. The wing venation is like that of E. scolosetes, but it is differentiated by M1 free from R4þ5 in the forewing. E. curvatilis is also superficially similar to E. mediofasciana (Park, 1991), but it can be distinguished by the shape of antemedian fascia with a thick, dark-brown, transverse streak and a triangular yellowish-brown upper part, whereas in E. mediofasciana, it is distinctly elongateequadrate, extending from costa to near inner margin; and the male genitalia with the valva strongly curved in basal half; cucullus longer, about 2/5 length of
Figure 1. Empalactis curvatilis sp. nov.: A, adult, paratype, with its label; B, lateral of a paratype; C, lateral of a paratype, dorsal view of head and antenna; D, venation; E, lateral view of labial palpus.
Please cite this article as: Park K-T et al., Three new Empalactis species and one new Bagdadia species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Vietnam, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.06.003
KT Park et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (xxxx) xxx
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Figure 2. Empalactis curvatilis sp. nov.: A, male genitalia. holotype, gen. slide no. CISe6983; B, male genitalia, aedeagus; C, male genitalia, paratype, gen. slide no. CISe6988; D, mushroom-like plate in male abdominal segment VIII; E, female genitalia, gen. slide no. CISe6992; E (a), segment VIII and ostium plate of a paratype (gen. slide no. CISe6991); E (b), close-up signum.
valva (vs. about 1/3 in E. mediofasciana), strongly convex before middle on outer margin and more strongly serrate on inner margin (Figure 2C); valvella more elongated, digitate; and apical part of aedeagus normally slender, not broadened. Description. Male (Figures 1AeE). Wingspan 12.5e13.0 mm. Head orange white, speckled with brownish gray scales dorsally and laterally; frons creamy white. Antenna basal segment stout, orange white, with dark-brown band medially; flagellum orange gray, with dark-brown annulations throughout (Figure 1C). Second segment of labial palpus triangularly developed, yellowish brown, speckled with dark-brown scales on outer surface, white at base and middle; third segment strongly upturned, slightly shorter than second segment, with narrow, dark-brown basal stripe, broad, yellowish-brown band at middle, and similar band beyond 2/3, with dark-fuscous scales dorsally before apex (Figure 1E). Thorax orange white, speckled with brownish gray scales dorsally; tegula
covered with dark-brown scales along anterior margin. Hind tibia with rough orange-white hairs dorsally, speckled with dark-brown scales on outer surface, orange white throughout on inner surface; tarsi orange white dorsally, dark fuscous ventrally. Forewing elongate, lanceolate apically, with well-developed dark-brown scaletufts at 1/4, near middle, and about 2/3 along costa on upper surface; ground color grayish orange; antemedian fascia forming a thick, dark-brown streak with a triangular, yellowish-brown upper part; a trapezoidal, dark-brown mark presented near lower corner of cell, and other several smaller dark-brown markings irregularly scattered, especially in distal zone; costa slightly convex at basal 1/ 4, nearly straight medially, then strongly oblique beyond 2/3; apex acute; termen oblique; venation (Figure 1D) with R1 arising before middle, straight from base; distance between R1 and R2 nearly twice longer than that of R2 and R3; R4 and R5 stalked for basal 3/5; R5 to costa; M1 remote from R3þ4 at base; M2 and M3, very close at
Please cite this article as: Park K-T et al., Three new Empalactis species and one new Bagdadia species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Vietnam, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.06.003
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base; CuA1 and CuA2 separate from base; cell weakly closed; 1Aþ2A well-developed; forked at base. Hindwing narrower than forewing; ground color pale brownish gray; costa nearly straight; apex acute; termen oblique; fringe concolorous with ground color; venation with Rs and M1 stalked for basal 2/5; M2 arising from lower corner of cell, gently arched basally; M3 and CuA1 connate; cell closed. Abdomen without spinous zone on tergites; tergite VIII with mushroom-shaped, weakly sclerotized plate medially. Male genitalia (Figures 2AeD): Uncus kernel-shaped, strongly convex on caudal margin, with a beak-like median projection ventrally, bearing dense setae laterally. Gnathos hook-shaped, slender, gently bent beyond middle, with acute apex. Valva slender in basal half, strongly bent in about basal 1/3, slightly serrate along inner margin in distal 2/3; cucullus elongate-quadrate, densely setose, about 2/5 length of valva, slightly concave on inner margin and strongly convex on outer margin before middle; valvella short, much smaller than juxta lobes; juxta lobes digitate, sclerotized, longer than valvella, with round apex. Vinculum deeply incised, in wedgeshape on posterior margin; saccus very long, about 2/3 length of valvaþcucullus, divided into two lateral sclerites. Aedeagus slender, as long as valva, with globularly inflated base, strongly curved into S-shape, with round apex. Female genitalia (Figures 2E, 2E (aeb)): Papillae anales large, rectangular, densely setose. Apophyses anteriores very short, about 1/6 length of apophyses posteriores. Abdominal sternite VIII short, deeply emarginated in V-shape medially, with triangular lateral lobes. Ostium concave medially, with sclerotized, well-developed lateral plates. Antrum funnelshaped, about 1/10 length of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae
narrow, band-like, shorter than corpus bursae. Corpus bursae long, elliptical; signum rhomboidal, with heavily sclerotized, transverse median ridge. Distribution. Vietnam (North). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin, curvus (¼ bent), referring to the strongly curved aedeagus in the male genitalia. Empalactis backanensis Park, sp. nov. (Figures 3AeD and 4AeF(a)) LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:79D46397-F565-4273-9C3F3315E02578CE Type material. Holotype: male, Vietnam, Bac Khan Prov., Ba Be Nat. Park, 26e28 vii 2006 (coll. Park, Chae, & Cuong), gen. slide no. LSMe0846, Paratypes: 1_, 2\, same data as holotype, gen. slide no. CISe6979 (_), e6980(\). Diagnosis. The forewing maculation of the new species is very similar to that of the preceding species, but it can be distinguished by having well-developed, distinct diamond-shaped antemedian fascia on forewing, with R4 and R5 rather shortly stalked for about basal 2/5. The male genitalia of the new species are similar to those of E. yuexiensis Li & Zheng, 1998 which was described from Yuexi County, Anhui Province, China, but it can be distinguished by the uncus less elongated (Figure 4Ae①), the caudal process of juxta much longer, about 3/5 length of valva (vs. less than half in E. yuexiensis) (Figure 4A (a)e ②), the saccus thicker, shorter about 1/2 length of valva, (Figure 5Ee ③) (vs. very narrow, much longer than 1/2 length of valva in E. yuexiensis), and the aedeagus with round plate at apex (Figure 4Be④).
Figure 3. Empalactis backanensis sp. nov.: A, adult, paratype, with its label; B, adult, lateral view; C, adult, lateral view of head and labial palpus; D, adult of E. yuexiensis (Li & Zheng), holotype, with its label.
Please cite this article as: Park K-T et al., Three new Empalactis species and one new Bagdadia species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Vietnam, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.06.003
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Figure 4. Genitalia of Empalactis backanensis Park, sp. nov.: A, male genitalia, uncusþ gnathosþ tegumen, gen. slide no. LSMe0842; A (a), male genitalia, valvaþ juxtaþ saccus; B, male genitalia, aedeagus; C, male genitalia of E. yuexiensis (Li & Zheng), D, male genitalia of E. yuexiensis, aedeagus; E, female genitalia of Empalactis backanensis, abdominal segment VIII & ostium bursae, gen. slide no. CISe 6980; F, female genitalia of Empalactis backanensis, corpus bursae; F (a), close-up signum.
Description. Male (Figures 3AeC). Wingspan 11.0e12.0 mm. Superficial character of the new species is similar to the preceding species. Second segment of labial palpus thick with triangular scales tuft in apical 1/3 ventrally, covered with dark-brown scales, with white bands at base and middle on outer surface, apex white; third segment strongly upturned, as long as second segment, with narrow, dark brown stripe near base, broad dark brown band at middle, and broader one in posterior 1/4, with dark fuscous scales dorsally before apex; apex sharply produced (Figure 3B). Forewing elongate, with well-developed dark-brown scale-tufts at 1/4, near middle, and about 3/4 along costa on upper surface; antemedian fascia diamond-shaped, nearly connected to costa, not reaching inner margin; dark-brown triangular mark near end of cell and several smaller dark-brown marks in distal 1/4; costa slightly
convex at basal 1/4, nearly straight medially, then slightly oblique beyond 2/3; apex more or less sharply produced; termen oblique; venation similar to that of the preceding species, but R4 and R5 rather shortly stalked. Hindwing narrower than forewing; ground color pale brownish gray; costa nearly straight; apex sharply acute; termen strongly sinuate; fringe concolorous, longer than width of wing along inner margin; venation similar to that of the preceding species. Male genitalia (Figures 4AeB): Uncus rather flat on caudal margin, with heavily sclerotized median process, bearing long setae from base laterally. Gnathos long, rather stout, gently bent, with slightly upturned apical part, pointed apically. Valva narrow in basal part, slender, weakly serrate on inner margin in distal 2/3; cucullus rather small, short, broadened distally, about 1/3 length of valva, densely setose, with rounded
Please cite this article as: Park K-T et al., Three new Empalactis species and one new Bagdadia species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Vietnam, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.06.003
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Figure 5. Empalactis scolosetes sp. nov.: A, adult, paratype with its label; B, adult, dorsal view of head and antenna; C, venation; D, lateral view of labial palpus; E, male genitalia, holotype, gen. slide no. LSMe0852; F, male genitalia, aedeagus; G, mushroom-like plate in male abdominal segment VIII; H, male genitalia of a paratype, gen. slide no. CISe6984.
outer margin; valvella rather stout, angled at apex outward, bearing long setae dorsally; caudal process of juxta long, slender, about 2/5 length of valva, gently curved, pointed apically. Vinculum deep, with wedge-shaped emargination on posterior margin; saccus long, slender, about 2/3 length of valva. Saccus thick, about 1/2 length of valva; aedeagus globular at base, then slender, longer than valva, strongly arched before middle, roundly plated at apex. Female genitalia (Figures 4E, 4F, 4F (a)): Papillae anales large, rather short, densely setose. Apophyses anteriores shortly developed, about 1/5 length of apophyses posteriores. Abdominal sternite VIII sclerotized, slightly concave, with deep emargination
at middle, Ostium bursae deeply concave on caudal margin, with broad sclerotized lateral plates. Antrum funnel-shaped, elongated, weakly sclerotized. Ductus bursae narrow, shorter than corpus bursae. Corpus bursae large, elliptical; signum rhomboidal with heavily sclerotized, transverse median ridge. Distribution. Vietnam (North). Etymology. This species name is derived from the type locality. Empalactis scolosetes Park, sp. nov. (Figures 5AeH) LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:47B279D3-02A5-4D32-82EF610F54D7F5C2
Please cite this article as: Park K-T et al., Three new Empalactis species and one new Bagdadia species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Vietnam, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.06.003
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Type material. Holotype: male, Vietnam, Nhin Binh Prov., Cuc Phuong Nat. Park, 200 m, 23 iv 2006 (coll. Park, Kim, & Kang), gen slide no. LSMe0852. Paratype, 1_, same locality, 24 iv 2006 (coll. Park, Kim, Kang), gen slide no. wing slide no. CISe6996. Diagnosis. The new species is superficially similar to the preceding new species, E. curvatilis, with similar wing pattern, but can be distinguished by the forewing venation with M1 stalked with R4þ5, whereas M1 is free in the above new species. The male genitalia are somewhat similar to those of E. backanensis sp. nov. with a well-developed slender caudal process of juxta, but this new species can be distinguished by the male genital characters: (i) uncus with strongly convex caudal margin; (ii) gnathos shorter, strongly curved; (iii) caudal process of juxta nearly straight, shorter than 1/2 length of valva and cucullus. Description. Male (Figures 5AeC). Wingspan 12.5 mm. Head pale orange gray, speckled with brownish gray scales dorsally. Antenna shorter than forewing, with basal segment pale orange gray, speckled with dark-brown scales dorsally; flagellum pale orange gray, with dark-brown annulations throughout (Figure 5B). Second segment of labial palpus triangularly developed distally, dark brown on outer surface, with white bands near base, at middle and apex; third segment strongly upturned, as long as second segment, creamy white with narrow dark fuscous bands near base, broader
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ones at middle and before apex, with some erect scales beyond 2/3 dorsally, acute apically (Figure 5D). Thorax and tegula descaled. Hind tibia with rough orange white hairs dorsally, speckled with dark-brown scales on outer surface, orange white throughout on inner surface. Forewing elongate, lanceolate apically; ground color pale orange gray, with similar marks as in E. curvatilis; costa slightly convex at basal 1/4, nearly straight medially, then strongly oblique beyond 2/3; apex acute; termen oblique; venation (Figure 5C) with R1 arising before middle, straight from base; distance between R1 and R2 more than twice of R2 and R3 at base; R3 free; R4 and R5 stalked for about basal 2/3; R5 to costa; M1 stalked with R4þ5; M2 and M3 remote at base; CuA1 and CuA2 free; cell weakly closed; 1Aþ2A well-developed, forked at base. Hindwing narrower than forewing, broader distally from end of cell; ground color pale brownish gray; costa nearly straight; apex acute; termen oblique, strongly sinuate; fringe concolorous with ground color; venation with Rs and M1 stalked for basal 2/5; M2 arising from near lower corner of cell, gently arched basally; M3 and CuA1 stalked from before lower corner of cell. Abdomen without spinous zones, with mushroom-shaped plate on sternite VIII (Figure 5H). Female unknown. Male genitalia (Figures 5EeG): Uncus strongly convex on caudal margin medially; median process sclerotized in apical part only, with strong setae from base laterally. Gnathos rather short,
Figure 6. Bagdadia globulibasis sp. nov.: A, adult, paratype, with its label; B, close-up antemedian fascia on forewing; C, dorsal view of head with antenna; D, lateral view of labial palpus; E, venation.
Please cite this article as: Park K-T et al., Three new Empalactis species and one new Bagdadia species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Vietnam, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.06.003
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strongly bent, with acute apex. Valva normally slender, weakly serrate on inner margin in distal 2/3; cucullus elongateequadrate, densely setose, about 1/2 length of valva, nearly straight on inner margin and slightly convex in lower part on outer margin, conjunction with cucullus indistinct; valvella short, digitate, bearing
setae; caudal process of juxta nearly straight, taeniate, pointed apically, about 2/5 length of valva. Vinculum deep, wedge-shaped emargination on posterior margin. Saccus long, slender, about 2/3 length of valva. Aedeagus globular at base, slender beyond, slightly longer than valva, nearly straight, roundly plated at apex.
Figure 7. Bagdadia globulibasis sp. nov.: A, male, holotype, valvaþsaccus, gen. slide no. CISe7000; A (a), male, juxta with valvella; B, male, uncusþgnathos; B (a), close-up uncusþgnathos; C, aedeagus; D, abdominal sternite VIII; E, female genitalia, gen. slide no. CISe8000; E (a), female genitalia, close-up antevaginalis & antrum, in different view; E (b), female genitalia, close-up signum; E (c), additional female, close-up antevaginalis & antrum, gen. slide no. CISe6981; E (d), additional female, close-up signum.
Please cite this article as: Park K-T et al., Three new Empalactis species and one new Bagdadia species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Vietnam, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.06.003
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Distribution. Vietnam (North). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Greek, skolos (¼ thorn, anything pointed) with a Greek suffixe etes, referring to the caudal lobes of the juxta in the male genitalia. Genus Bagdadia Amsel, 1949 Bagdadia Amsel, 1949: 321. Type species: Bagdadia irakella Amsel, 1949: 322. ¼ Carpidentalia Park, 1995: 84. Type species: Carpidentalia salicicolia, Park, 1995: 84. Bagdadia globulibasis Park, sp. nov. (Figures 6AeE and 7AeE, 7E (aed)) LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1D367916-4CFB-47A6-A0DD77C2E5E811F1 Type material. Holotype: male, Vietnam, Bac Khan Prov., Ba Be Nat. Park, 26e28 vii 2006 (coll. Park, Chae, & Cuong), gen. slide no. CISe7000, wing slide no. CISe6995. Paratypes: 2\, same data as holotype, gen. slide no. CISe6981, e8001. Diagnosis. The new species is superficially similar to B. salicicola (Park, 1995) known from Taiwan, but it can be distinguished by the more elongated forewing, with sharply produced apex; antemedian fascia larger with strongly zigzagged margins; and the male genitalia with strongly bent right valva in basal 1/3, nearly symmetrical caudal lobes of juxta, and conical valvella, while the right valva nearly not bent basally, caudal lobes of juxta asymmetrical and digitate valvella in B. salicicola. Description. Male and female (Figures 6AeE). Wingspan, 11e11.5 mm. Head covered with orange-white scales tipped orange gray dorsally. Antenna shorter than forewing, with basal segment orange white, speckled with brownish-orange scales dorsally; flagellum pale grayish orange, with dark-brown annulations throughout (Figure 6C). Second segment of labial palpus with triangular scale-tuft ventrally, yellowish brown speckled with darkbrown scales on outer surface; third segment thickened, strongly upturned, longer than second segment, dark brown with white bands near base, at basal 1/3, near middle and before apex, with white, acute apex (Figure 6D). Thorax and tegula orange white mixing with pale brownish-gray scales. Hind tibia brownish, speckled with dark-fuscous scales on outer surface, with orangewhite hairs dorsally; tarsi dark fuscous with white apices. Forewing elongate, nearly lanceolate narrowing toward apex; ground color yellowish brown, speckled with dark-brown scales irregularly scattered; costa convex near 1/3, then slightly concave medially, with three well-developed, white-tipped scale tufts at 1/3, beyond middle, and 3/5; subbasal fascia small, triangular; antemedian fascia well-developed, dark brown, broad, strongly zigzagged on both margin, starting from upper margin of cell to inner margin; a crescent dark-brown mark presented near end of cell, instead of postmedian fascia; apex sharply produced; termen very oblique; cell narrow in basal half and widened, closed; venation (Figure 1D) with R1 arising before middle; distance between R1 and R2 about 2.5 times longer than that of R2 and R3; R3 free; R4 and R5 stalked for basal 2/5; R5 to costa; M1 close to R3þ4 at base; M2 close to M3 at base; CuA1 arising from lower corner of cell; CuA2 free; 1Aþ2A well-developed, forked at base. Hindwing narrower than forewing; ground color pale brownish gray; costa slightly concave medially; apex sharply produced, acute; termen strongly sinuate; fringe concolorous with ground color, almost 2x length of width of wing on inner margin; venation with Rs and M1 stalked for basal half; M2 arising from near lower corner of cell, gently arched medially; M3 and CuA1 connate before lower corner of cell; cell closed. Abdomen with dark brown and white bands alternately on dorsal and lateral surfaces, and with pale orange anal tuft; white throughout on ventral surface. Male genitalia (Figures 7Ae7C): Uncus strongly
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directed dorsally, convex medially, crown-shaped, bearing more than five strong, short spines on lateral plates caudally, connecting to tegumen with double sclerotized articulations. Gnathos slender, strongly bent in U-shape, apex acute. Valva slightly asymmetrical, left valva slender with slightly dilated distally; right one strongly bent at 1/3, nearly parallel sided to slightly inflated distal part. Valvella lobes stout, less than 1/3 length of valva, fused with posterior margin of vinculum, with a small spine apically, directed outward; and juxta short, large, sclerotized, cone-shaped (Figure 3a). Vinculum banded; saccus short, about as long as valvella, rounded apically. Aedeagus globular at base, then slender, strongly bent, with round apex. Female genitalia (Figures 7AeC): Abdominal sternite VIII widely concave on caudal margin, with semi-ovate lateral lobes. Lamella antevaginalis large, quadrate, sclerotized; caudal margin widely concave, with lateral lobes directed outward apically; anterior margin slightly incised medially (Figure 7E (a, c)). Antrum funnel-shaped, weakly sclerotized, about 1/3 length of ductus bursae; ductus bursae narrow as long as corpus bursae; ductus seminalis narrow, arising from near conjunction with corpus bursae. Corpus bursae elliptical; signum (Figure 7E (b, d)) shaped a bamboo hat, densely dentate along lower margin. Distribution. Vietnam (North). Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin, globules (¼ ball, sphere) and basis (¼ base), referring to the globular base of aedeagus in the male genitalia. Conflicts of interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments The authors thank Professor Houhun Li, Nankai University, China, for his help in providing the adult with male genitalia photos of the type species, E. yuexiensis (Li & Zheng) for the comparison with new species. We also acknowledge to the graduate students in Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, for their effort in collecting material in Vietnam (2016): Dr. BoSun Park, Mrs. Sol-Moon Na, Dong-June Lee, and Do-Young Chae. Jae-Dong Kim, Chungnam National University, is thanked for his help in preparing the photo plates. This study was supported financially by the Incheon National University Research Grant in 2018. References Kornerup A, Wanscher JH. 1978. Methuen handbook of color. 3rd Ed. London: Eyre Methuen. 252 pp. Li HH. 2002. The Gelechiidae of China (I) (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea). Tianjin: Nankai University Press. p. 538. Li HH, Zheng ZM. 1998. A systematic study on the genus Dendrophilia Ponomarenko, 1993 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from China. SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología 26:101e111. Park KT, Ponomarenko MG. 2007. Gelechiidae of the Korean peninsula and adjacent territories (Lepidoptera). In: Park KT, editor. Insects of Korea 12. p. 311. Seoul. Pitkin LM. 1986. A technique for the preparation of complex male genitalia in microlepidoptera. Entomologist’s Gazette 37:173e179. Ponomarenko MG. 2009. Part II. Catalogue of the species of the subfamily Dichomeridinae (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) of the world. Gelechiid moths of the subfamily Dichomeridinae (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) of the world. Vladivostok: Russian Academy of Science Far Eastern Branch and Soil Science. p. 388. Sattler K. 1999. The systematic position of the genus Bagdadia (Gelechiidae). Nota Lepidoptera 22 (4):234e240. Ueda T. 2012. Four new species of the tribe Chelariini (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Japan. Lepidoptera Science 63:79e86. Ueda T. 2013. Gelechiidae, Dichromerinae. In: Hirowatari T, Nasu Y, Sakamaki Y, et al., editors. The Standard of Moths in Japan III: 298e316. Tokyo: Gakken Education Publishing. Ueda T. 2015. A new species of the genus Empalactis Meyrick, 1925 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Japan. Lepidoptera Science 66:129e132.
Please cite this article as: Park K-T et al., Three new Empalactis species and one new Bagdadia species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Vietnam, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.06.003
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Original Article
Three new Empalactis species and one new Bagdadia species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Vietnam Kyu-Tek Park a, Sangmi Lee b, Yang-Seop Bae a, * a b
BioeResource and Environmental Center, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea Hasbrouck Insect Collection, School of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 874108, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287e4108, USA
a r t i c l e i n f o
a b s t r a c t
Article history: Received 26 March 2019 Received in revised form 13 May 2019 Accepted 6 June 2019 Available online xxx
Three new species of the genus Empalactis Meyrick (Empalactis backanensis Park, sp. nov., Empalactis curvatilis Park, sp. nov., and Empalactis scolosetes Park, sp. nov.) and one new species of the genus Bagdadia Amsel (Bagdadia globulibasis Park, sp. nov.) are described from the northern Vietnam. These two genera are reported for the first time from Vietnam. Images and genitalia of the new species are illustrated. Ó 2019 National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Publishing Services by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Keywords: backanensis Chelariini curvatilis globulibasis scolosetes
Introduction Genus Empalactis Meyrick, 1925, is one of the genera in the tribe Chelariini (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Dichomeridinae) and is closely related to the genus Hypatima Hübner, [1825]. In 2009, Ponomarenko synonymized Dendrophilia Ponomarenko, 1993, with Empalactis Meyrick. The male genitalia of Empalactis can be defined by the following characters: uncus more or less kernel-shaped, with a beak-like median projection ventrally; valva narrow, curved basally and dilated distally; juxta fused with posterior margin of vinculum, with often slender or digitate caudal lobes; valvella fused with aedeagus, digitate; saccus very long, divided into two lateral sclerites; and aedeagus globularly inflated basally, slender in the rest, slightly bent in S-shape. The genus was divided into two subgenera, Empalactis Meyrick and Microdendrophilia Ponomarenko. It was listed with 23 previously described species mainly distributed in the south-eastern Asia and the Russian Far East, excepting 2 species [Empalactis metaphorica (Meyrick) and Empalactis sporogramma (Meyrick)] from Australia (Ponomarenko
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (Y.-S. Bae). Peer review under responsibility of National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA).
2009b). Then, additional two species, Empalactis ponomarenkoae Ueda, 2012 and Empalactis hiranoi Ueda, 2012 were described from Japan. Consequently, a total of 28 species including 3 new species are known worldwide: 11 species from the Russian Far East (Ponomarenko 2009), 12 species from China (Li and Zheng 1998; Li 2002), 4 species from Korea (Park and Ponomarenko 2007), 6 species from Japan (Ueda 2012, 2013, 2015), 2 species [Empalactis stictocosma (Meyrick) and Empalactis taphronoma (Meyrick)] from India, and 3 species [Empalactis hetaeropsis (Meyrick), Empalactis tetragama (Meyrick), and Empalactis tephroplintha (Meyrick)] from Indonesia (Ponomarenko 2009). In addition, 3 species are newly described from Vietnam herein. Genus Bagdadia Amsel, 1949, also belonging to the tribe Chelariini, was established based on the type species, Bagdadia irakella Amsel, 1949. It was enumerated with 13 species that are mainly distributed in East Asia (Ponomarenko 2009): 8 species known from the Russian Far East, 6 species from China, 2 species from Japan and Korea, respectively. In addition, a new species, Bagdadia globulibasis Park, sp. nov. is described herein. The genus is also close to Empalactis in the superficial and genital characters, but it can be differentiated by the male genital characters: uncus crown-shaped with double sclerotized articulations connecting tegumen. The previously known genus Carpidentalia Park was previously synonymized with this genus (Sattler 1999). Here, three new species of Empalactis and one new species of Bagdadia are newly described and illustrated.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.06.003 pISSN2287-884X eISSN2287-9544/Ó 2019 National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Publishing Services by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Please cite this article as: Park K-T et al., Three new Empalactis species and one new Bagdadia species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Vietnam, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.06.003
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Material and methods Specimen examined in this study was collected in the northern part of Vietnam, including Ba Be National Park, Bac Kan Province and Cuc Phuong National Park, Ninh Binh Province in 2006. For dissections of some genitalia, the tegumen, vinculum and valva, and aedeagus were detached and mounted separately following the method by Pitkin (1986). Genitalia were slide-mounted in Euparal, staining with Chlorazol Black, and wings were stained by DoubleStain (BioQuip products, Inc., CA, USA). Wingspans were measured from the apex of the left forewing to the apex of the right forewing. The color standard for descriptions of the new species followed Kornerup and Wanscher (1978). The types are provisionally deposited in the Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea. Systematic accounts Genus Empalactis Meyrick, 1925 Empalactis Meyrick, 1925: 170. Type species: Nothris sporogramma Meyrick, 1921: 433. ¼ Dendrophilia Ponomarenko, 1993: 57. Type species: Nothris albidella Snellen, 1884: 171.
Empalactis curvatilis Park, sp. nov. (Figures 1AeE and 2AeE(b)) LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6685B4FE-BDE6-426C-9D733DC53CB35CA3 Type material. Holotype: male, Vietnam, Nhin Binh Prov., Cuc Phuong Nat. Park, 200 m, 23 iv 2006 (coll. Park, Kim, & Kang), gen. slide no. CISe6983. Paratypes: 13_, 3\, same locality, 23e24 vi 2006 (coll. Park, Kim, Kang), gen. slide no. CISe6988(_), e6989(_), e6990(\), 6991(\), 6992(\), 6993(\), wing slide no. CISe6994. Diagnosis. The new species is superficially similar to the following new species, E. backanensis Park, sp. nov. and E. scolosetes Park, sp. nov. with a similar forewing maculation, but it can be distinguished by the male genitalia having the caudal process of juxta poorly developed, just short, digitate. The wing venation is like that of E. scolosetes, but it is differentiated by M1 free from R4þ5 in the forewing. E. curvatilis is also superficially similar to E. mediofasciana (Park, 1991), but it can be distinguished by the shape of antemedian fascia with a thick, dark-brown, transverse streak and a triangular yellowish-brown upper part, whereas in E. mediofasciana, it is distinctly elongateequadrate, extending from costa to near inner margin; and the male genitalia with the valva strongly curved in basal half; cucullus longer, about 2/5 length of
Figure 1. Empalactis curvatilis sp. nov.: A, adult, paratype, with its label; B, lateral of a paratype; C, lateral of a paratype, dorsal view of head and antenna; D, venation; E, lateral view of labial palpus.
Please cite this article as: Park K-T et al., Three new Empalactis species and one new Bagdadia species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Vietnam, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.06.003
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Figure 2. Empalactis curvatilis sp. nov.: A, male genitalia. holotype, gen. slide no. CISe6983; B, male genitalia, aedeagus; C, male genitalia, paratype, gen. slide no. CISe6988; D, mushroom-like plate in male abdominal segment VIII; E, female genitalia, gen. slide no. CISe6992; E (a), segment VIII and ostium plate of a paratype (gen. slide no. CISe6991); E (b), close-up signum.
valva (vs. about 1/3 in E. mediofasciana), strongly convex before middle on outer margin and more strongly serrate on inner margin (Figure 2C); valvella more elongated, digitate; and apical part of aedeagus normally slender, not broadened. Description. Male (Figures 1AeE). Wingspan 12.5e13.0 mm. Head orange white, speckled with brownish gray scales dorsally and laterally; frons creamy white. Antenna basal segment stout, orange white, with dark-brown band medially; flagellum orange gray, with dark-brown annulations throughout (Figure 1C). Second segment of labial palpus triangularly developed, yellowish brown, speckled with dark-brown scales on outer surface, white at base and middle; third segment strongly upturned, slightly shorter than second segment, with narrow, dark-brown basal stripe, broad, yellowish-brown band at middle, and similar band beyond 2/3, with dark-fuscous scales dorsally before apex (Figure 1E). Thorax orange white, speckled with brownish gray scales dorsally; tegula
covered with dark-brown scales along anterior margin. Hind tibia with rough orange-white hairs dorsally, speckled with dark-brown scales on outer surface, orange white throughout on inner surface; tarsi orange white dorsally, dark fuscous ventrally. Forewing elongate, lanceolate apically, with well-developed dark-brown scaletufts at 1/4, near middle, and about 2/3 along costa on upper surface; ground color grayish orange; antemedian fascia forming a thick, dark-brown streak with a triangular, yellowish-brown upper part; a trapezoidal, dark-brown mark presented near lower corner of cell, and other several smaller dark-brown markings irregularly scattered, especially in distal zone; costa slightly convex at basal 1/ 4, nearly straight medially, then strongly oblique beyond 2/3; apex acute; termen oblique; venation (Figure 1D) with R1 arising before middle, straight from base; distance between R1 and R2 nearly twice longer than that of R2 and R3; R4 and R5 stalked for basal 3/5; R5 to costa; M1 remote from R3þ4 at base; M2 and M3, very close at
Please cite this article as: Park K-T et al., Three new Empalactis species and one new Bagdadia species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Vietnam, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.06.003
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base; CuA1 and CuA2 separate from base; cell weakly closed; 1Aþ2A well-developed; forked at base. Hindwing narrower than forewing; ground color pale brownish gray; costa nearly straight; apex acute; termen oblique; fringe concolorous with ground color; venation with Rs and M1 stalked for basal 2/5; M2 arising from lower corner of cell, gently arched basally; M3 and CuA1 connate; cell closed. Abdomen without spinous zone on tergites; tergite VIII with mushroom-shaped, weakly sclerotized plate medially. Male genitalia (Figures 2AeD): Uncus kernel-shaped, strongly convex on caudal margin, with a beak-like median projection ventrally, bearing dense setae laterally. Gnathos hook-shaped, slender, gently bent beyond middle, with acute apex. Valva slender in basal half, strongly bent in about basal 1/3, slightly serrate along inner margin in distal 2/3; cucullus elongate-quadrate, densely setose, about 2/5 length of valva, slightly concave on inner margin and strongly convex on outer margin before middle; valvella short, much smaller than juxta lobes; juxta lobes digitate, sclerotized, longer than valvella, with round apex. Vinculum deeply incised, in wedgeshape on posterior margin; saccus very long, about 2/3 length of valvaþcucullus, divided into two lateral sclerites. Aedeagus slender, as long as valva, with globularly inflated base, strongly curved into S-shape, with round apex. Female genitalia (Figures 2E, 2E (aeb)): Papillae anales large, rectangular, densely setose. Apophyses anteriores very short, about 1/6 length of apophyses posteriores. Abdominal sternite VIII short, deeply emarginated in V-shape medially, with triangular lateral lobes. Ostium concave medially, with sclerotized, well-developed lateral plates. Antrum funnelshaped, about 1/10 length of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae
narrow, band-like, shorter than corpus bursae. Corpus bursae long, elliptical; signum rhomboidal, with heavily sclerotized, transverse median ridge. Distribution. Vietnam (North). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin, curvus (¼ bent), referring to the strongly curved aedeagus in the male genitalia. Empalactis backanensis Park, sp. nov. (Figures 3AeD and 4AeF(a)) LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:79D46397-F565-4273-9C3F3315E02578CE Type material. Holotype: male, Vietnam, Bac Khan Prov., Ba Be Nat. Park, 26e28 vii 2006 (coll. Park, Chae, & Cuong), gen. slide no. LSMe0846, Paratypes: 1_, 2\, same data as holotype, gen. slide no. CISe6979 (_), e6980(\). Diagnosis. The forewing maculation of the new species is very similar to that of the preceding species, but it can be distinguished by having well-developed, distinct diamond-shaped antemedian fascia on forewing, with R4 and R5 rather shortly stalked for about basal 2/5. The male genitalia of the new species are similar to those of E. yuexiensis Li & Zheng, 1998 which was described from Yuexi County, Anhui Province, China, but it can be distinguished by the uncus less elongated (Figure 4Ae①), the caudal process of juxta much longer, about 3/5 length of valva (vs. less than half in E. yuexiensis) (Figure 4A (a)e ②), the saccus thicker, shorter about 1/2 length of valva, (Figure 5Ee ③) (vs. very narrow, much longer than 1/2 length of valva in E. yuexiensis), and the aedeagus with round plate at apex (Figure 4Be④).
Figure 3. Empalactis backanensis sp. nov.: A, adult, paratype, with its label; B, adult, lateral view; C, adult, lateral view of head and labial palpus; D, adult of E. yuexiensis (Li & Zheng), holotype, with its label.
Please cite this article as: Park K-T et al., Three new Empalactis species and one new Bagdadia species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Vietnam, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.06.003
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Figure 4. Genitalia of Empalactis backanensis Park, sp. nov.: A, male genitalia, uncusþ gnathosþ tegumen, gen. slide no. LSMe0842; A (a), male genitalia, valvaþ juxtaþ saccus; B, male genitalia, aedeagus; C, male genitalia of E. yuexiensis (Li & Zheng), D, male genitalia of E. yuexiensis, aedeagus; E, female genitalia of Empalactis backanensis, abdominal segment VIII & ostium bursae, gen. slide no. CISe 6980; F, female genitalia of Empalactis backanensis, corpus bursae; F (a), close-up signum.
Description. Male (Figures 3AeC). Wingspan 11.0e12.0 mm. Superficial character of the new species is similar to the preceding species. Second segment of labial palpus thick with triangular scales tuft in apical 1/3 ventrally, covered with dark-brown scales, with white bands at base and middle on outer surface, apex white; third segment strongly upturned, as long as second segment, with narrow, dark brown stripe near base, broad dark brown band at middle, and broader one in posterior 1/4, with dark fuscous scales dorsally before apex; apex sharply produced (Figure 3B). Forewing elongate, with well-developed dark-brown scale-tufts at 1/4, near middle, and about 3/4 along costa on upper surface; antemedian fascia diamond-shaped, nearly connected to costa, not reaching inner margin; dark-brown triangular mark near end of cell and several smaller dark-brown marks in distal 1/4; costa slightly
convex at basal 1/4, nearly straight medially, then slightly oblique beyond 2/3; apex more or less sharply produced; termen oblique; venation similar to that of the preceding species, but R4 and R5 rather shortly stalked. Hindwing narrower than forewing; ground color pale brownish gray; costa nearly straight; apex sharply acute; termen strongly sinuate; fringe concolorous, longer than width of wing along inner margin; venation similar to that of the preceding species. Male genitalia (Figures 4AeB): Uncus rather flat on caudal margin, with heavily sclerotized median process, bearing long setae from base laterally. Gnathos long, rather stout, gently bent, with slightly upturned apical part, pointed apically. Valva narrow in basal part, slender, weakly serrate on inner margin in distal 2/3; cucullus rather small, short, broadened distally, about 1/3 length of valva, densely setose, with rounded
Please cite this article as: Park K-T et al., Three new Empalactis species and one new Bagdadia species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Vietnam, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.06.003
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Figure 5. Empalactis scolosetes sp. nov.: A, adult, paratype with its label; B, adult, dorsal view of head and antenna; C, venation; D, lateral view of labial palpus; E, male genitalia, holotype, gen. slide no. LSMe0852; F, male genitalia, aedeagus; G, mushroom-like plate in male abdominal segment VIII; H, male genitalia of a paratype, gen. slide no. CISe6984.
outer margin; valvella rather stout, angled at apex outward, bearing long setae dorsally; caudal process of juxta long, slender, about 2/5 length of valva, gently curved, pointed apically. Vinculum deep, with wedge-shaped emargination on posterior margin; saccus long, slender, about 2/3 length of valva. Saccus thick, about 1/2 length of valva; aedeagus globular at base, then slender, longer than valva, strongly arched before middle, roundly plated at apex. Female genitalia (Figures 4E, 4F, 4F (a)): Papillae anales large, rather short, densely setose. Apophyses anteriores shortly developed, about 1/5 length of apophyses posteriores. Abdominal sternite VIII sclerotized, slightly concave, with deep emargination
at middle, Ostium bursae deeply concave on caudal margin, with broad sclerotized lateral plates. Antrum funnel-shaped, elongated, weakly sclerotized. Ductus bursae narrow, shorter than corpus bursae. Corpus bursae large, elliptical; signum rhomboidal with heavily sclerotized, transverse median ridge. Distribution. Vietnam (North). Etymology. This species name is derived from the type locality. Empalactis scolosetes Park, sp. nov. (Figures 5AeH) LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:47B279D3-02A5-4D32-82EF610F54D7F5C2
Please cite this article as: Park K-T et al., Three new Empalactis species and one new Bagdadia species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Vietnam, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.06.003
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Type material. Holotype: male, Vietnam, Nhin Binh Prov., Cuc Phuong Nat. Park, 200 m, 23 iv 2006 (coll. Park, Kim, & Kang), gen slide no. LSMe0852. Paratype, 1_, same locality, 24 iv 2006 (coll. Park, Kim, Kang), gen slide no. wing slide no. CISe6996. Diagnosis. The new species is superficially similar to the preceding new species, E. curvatilis, with similar wing pattern, but can be distinguished by the forewing venation with M1 stalked with R4þ5, whereas M1 is free in the above new species. The male genitalia are somewhat similar to those of E. backanensis sp. nov. with a well-developed slender caudal process of juxta, but this new species can be distinguished by the male genital characters: (i) uncus with strongly convex caudal margin; (ii) gnathos shorter, strongly curved; (iii) caudal process of juxta nearly straight, shorter than 1/2 length of valva and cucullus. Description. Male (Figures 5AeC). Wingspan 12.5 mm. Head pale orange gray, speckled with brownish gray scales dorsally. Antenna shorter than forewing, with basal segment pale orange gray, speckled with dark-brown scales dorsally; flagellum pale orange gray, with dark-brown annulations throughout (Figure 5B). Second segment of labial palpus triangularly developed distally, dark brown on outer surface, with white bands near base, at middle and apex; third segment strongly upturned, as long as second segment, creamy white with narrow dark fuscous bands near base, broader
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ones at middle and before apex, with some erect scales beyond 2/3 dorsally, acute apically (Figure 5D). Thorax and tegula descaled. Hind tibia with rough orange white hairs dorsally, speckled with dark-brown scales on outer surface, orange white throughout on inner surface. Forewing elongate, lanceolate apically; ground color pale orange gray, with similar marks as in E. curvatilis; costa slightly convex at basal 1/4, nearly straight medially, then strongly oblique beyond 2/3; apex acute; termen oblique; venation (Figure 5C) with R1 arising before middle, straight from base; distance between R1 and R2 more than twice of R2 and R3 at base; R3 free; R4 and R5 stalked for about basal 2/3; R5 to costa; M1 stalked with R4þ5; M2 and M3 remote at base; CuA1 and CuA2 free; cell weakly closed; 1Aþ2A well-developed, forked at base. Hindwing narrower than forewing, broader distally from end of cell; ground color pale brownish gray; costa nearly straight; apex acute; termen oblique, strongly sinuate; fringe concolorous with ground color; venation with Rs and M1 stalked for basal 2/5; M2 arising from near lower corner of cell, gently arched basally; M3 and CuA1 stalked from before lower corner of cell. Abdomen without spinous zones, with mushroom-shaped plate on sternite VIII (Figure 5H). Female unknown. Male genitalia (Figures 5EeG): Uncus strongly convex on caudal margin medially; median process sclerotized in apical part only, with strong setae from base laterally. Gnathos rather short,
Figure 6. Bagdadia globulibasis sp. nov.: A, adult, paratype, with its label; B, close-up antemedian fascia on forewing; C, dorsal view of head with antenna; D, lateral view of labial palpus; E, venation.
Please cite this article as: Park K-T et al., Three new Empalactis species and one new Bagdadia species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Vietnam, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.06.003
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KT Park et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (xxxx) xxx
strongly bent, with acute apex. Valva normally slender, weakly serrate on inner margin in distal 2/3; cucullus elongateequadrate, densely setose, about 1/2 length of valva, nearly straight on inner margin and slightly convex in lower part on outer margin, conjunction with cucullus indistinct; valvella short, digitate, bearing
setae; caudal process of juxta nearly straight, taeniate, pointed apically, about 2/5 length of valva. Vinculum deep, wedge-shaped emargination on posterior margin. Saccus long, slender, about 2/3 length of valva. Aedeagus globular at base, slender beyond, slightly longer than valva, nearly straight, roundly plated at apex.
Figure 7. Bagdadia globulibasis sp. nov.: A, male, holotype, valvaþsaccus, gen. slide no. CISe7000; A (a), male, juxta with valvella; B, male, uncusþgnathos; B (a), close-up uncusþgnathos; C, aedeagus; D, abdominal sternite VIII; E, female genitalia, gen. slide no. CISe8000; E (a), female genitalia, close-up antevaginalis & antrum, in different view; E (b), female genitalia, close-up signum; E (c), additional female, close-up antevaginalis & antrum, gen. slide no. CISe6981; E (d), additional female, close-up signum.
Please cite this article as: Park K-T et al., Three new Empalactis species and one new Bagdadia species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Vietnam, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.06.003
KT Park et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (xxxx) xxx
Distribution. Vietnam (North). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Greek, skolos (¼ thorn, anything pointed) with a Greek suffixe etes, referring to the caudal lobes of the juxta in the male genitalia. Genus Bagdadia Amsel, 1949 Bagdadia Amsel, 1949: 321. Type species: Bagdadia irakella Amsel, 1949: 322. ¼ Carpidentalia Park, 1995: 84. Type species: Carpidentalia salicicolia, Park, 1995: 84. Bagdadia globulibasis Park, sp. nov. (Figures 6AeE and 7AeE, 7E (aed)) LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1D367916-4CFB-47A6-A0DD77C2E5E811F1 Type material. Holotype: male, Vietnam, Bac Khan Prov., Ba Be Nat. Park, 26e28 vii 2006 (coll. Park, Chae, & Cuong), gen. slide no. CISe7000, wing slide no. CISe6995. Paratypes: 2\, same data as holotype, gen. slide no. CISe6981, e8001. Diagnosis. The new species is superficially similar to B. salicicola (Park, 1995) known from Taiwan, but it can be distinguished by the more elongated forewing, with sharply produced apex; antemedian fascia larger with strongly zigzagged margins; and the male genitalia with strongly bent right valva in basal 1/3, nearly symmetrical caudal lobes of juxta, and conical valvella, while the right valva nearly not bent basally, caudal lobes of juxta asymmetrical and digitate valvella in B. salicicola. Description. Male and female (Figures 6AeE). Wingspan, 11e11.5 mm. Head covered with orange-white scales tipped orange gray dorsally. Antenna shorter than forewing, with basal segment orange white, speckled with brownish-orange scales dorsally; flagellum pale grayish orange, with dark-brown annulations throughout (Figure 6C). Second segment of labial palpus with triangular scale-tuft ventrally, yellowish brown speckled with darkbrown scales on outer surface; third segment thickened, strongly upturned, longer than second segment, dark brown with white bands near base, at basal 1/3, near middle and before apex, with white, acute apex (Figure 6D). Thorax and tegula orange white mixing with pale brownish-gray scales. Hind tibia brownish, speckled with dark-fuscous scales on outer surface, with orangewhite hairs dorsally; tarsi dark fuscous with white apices. Forewing elongate, nearly lanceolate narrowing toward apex; ground color yellowish brown, speckled with dark-brown scales irregularly scattered; costa convex near 1/3, then slightly concave medially, with three well-developed, white-tipped scale tufts at 1/3, beyond middle, and 3/5; subbasal fascia small, triangular; antemedian fascia well-developed, dark brown, broad, strongly zigzagged on both margin, starting from upper margin of cell to inner margin; a crescent dark-brown mark presented near end of cell, instead of postmedian fascia; apex sharply produced; termen very oblique; cell narrow in basal half and widened, closed; venation (Figure 1D) with R1 arising before middle; distance between R1 and R2 about 2.5 times longer than that of R2 and R3; R3 free; R4 and R5 stalked for basal 2/5; R5 to costa; M1 close to R3þ4 at base; M2 close to M3 at base; CuA1 arising from lower corner of cell; CuA2 free; 1Aþ2A well-developed, forked at base. Hindwing narrower than forewing; ground color pale brownish gray; costa slightly concave medially; apex sharply produced, acute; termen strongly sinuate; fringe concolorous with ground color, almost 2x length of width of wing on inner margin; venation with Rs and M1 stalked for basal half; M2 arising from near lower corner of cell, gently arched medially; M3 and CuA1 connate before lower corner of cell; cell closed. Abdomen with dark brown and white bands alternately on dorsal and lateral surfaces, and with pale orange anal tuft; white throughout on ventral surface. Male genitalia (Figures 7Ae7C): Uncus strongly
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directed dorsally, convex medially, crown-shaped, bearing more than five strong, short spines on lateral plates caudally, connecting to tegumen with double sclerotized articulations. Gnathos slender, strongly bent in U-shape, apex acute. Valva slightly asymmetrical, left valva slender with slightly dilated distally; right one strongly bent at 1/3, nearly parallel sided to slightly inflated distal part. Valvella lobes stout, less than 1/3 length of valva, fused with posterior margin of vinculum, with a small spine apically, directed outward; and juxta short, large, sclerotized, cone-shaped (Figure 3a). Vinculum banded; saccus short, about as long as valvella, rounded apically. Aedeagus globular at base, then slender, strongly bent, with round apex. Female genitalia (Figures 7AeC): Abdominal sternite VIII widely concave on caudal margin, with semi-ovate lateral lobes. Lamella antevaginalis large, quadrate, sclerotized; caudal margin widely concave, with lateral lobes directed outward apically; anterior margin slightly incised medially (Figure 7E (a, c)). Antrum funnel-shaped, weakly sclerotized, about 1/3 length of ductus bursae; ductus bursae narrow as long as corpus bursae; ductus seminalis narrow, arising from near conjunction with corpus bursae. Corpus bursae elliptical; signum (Figure 7E (b, d)) shaped a bamboo hat, densely dentate along lower margin. Distribution. Vietnam (North). Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin, globules (¼ ball, sphere) and basis (¼ base), referring to the globular base of aedeagus in the male genitalia. Conflicts of interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments The authors thank Professor Houhun Li, Nankai University, China, for his help in providing the adult with male genitalia photos of the type species, E. yuexiensis (Li & Zheng) for the comparison with new species. We also acknowledge to the graduate students in Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, for their effort in collecting material in Vietnam (2016): Dr. BoSun Park, Mrs. Sol-Moon Na, Dong-June Lee, and Do-Young Chae. Jae-Dong Kim, Chungnam National University, is thanked for his help in preparing the photo plates. This study was supported financially by the Incheon National University Research Grant in 2018. References Kornerup A, Wanscher JH. 1978. Methuen handbook of color. 3rd Ed. London: Eyre Methuen. 252 pp. Li HH. 2002. The Gelechiidae of China (I) (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea). Tianjin: Nankai University Press. p. 538. Li HH, Zheng ZM. 1998. A systematic study on the genus Dendrophilia Ponomarenko, 1993 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from China. SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología 26:101e111. Park KT, Ponomarenko MG. 2007. Gelechiidae of the Korean peninsula and adjacent territories (Lepidoptera). In: Park KT, editor. Insects of Korea 12. p. 311. Seoul. Pitkin LM. 1986. A technique for the preparation of complex male genitalia in microlepidoptera. Entomologist’s Gazette 37:173e179. Ponomarenko MG. 2009. Part II. Catalogue of the species of the subfamily Dichomeridinae (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) of the world. Gelechiid moths of the subfamily Dichomeridinae (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) of the world. Vladivostok: Russian Academy of Science Far Eastern Branch and Soil Science. p. 388. Sattler K. 1999. The systematic position of the genus Bagdadia (Gelechiidae). Nota Lepidoptera 22 (4):234e240. Ueda T. 2012. Four new species of the tribe Chelariini (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Japan. Lepidoptera Science 63:79e86. Ueda T. 2013. Gelechiidae, Dichromerinae. In: Hirowatari T, Nasu Y, Sakamaki Y, et al., editors. The Standard of Moths in Japan III: 298e316. Tokyo: Gakken Education Publishing. Ueda T. 2015. A new species of the genus Empalactis Meyrick, 1925 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Japan. Lepidoptera Science 66:129e132.
Please cite this article as: Park K-T et al., Three new Empalactis species and one new Bagdadia species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Vietnam, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.06.003