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Two-stage liquefaction of Wyoming subbituminous coal effect of syngas as reducing gas
03
Two-stage liquetactlon of Wyomlng subbitumlnous coal effect of syngas as reducing gas 95102505
Lee, L. K. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (4), 1196-1199. Describes two bench runs conducted to compare the activity of ammonium heptamolybdate and Shell 317 N/MO extrudate catalyst as promoter for the coal solubilizing stage.
03 GASEOUS
FUELS
Sources, Properties,
Recovery,
Treatment
Transport,
Gaseous fuels (transport, storage)
Storage
Advanced gas converslon technology for remote nature1 gas utlllzatlon
95102513
Eisenberg, B. er al., Proc. 73rd Annu. Conv.-Gas Process. Assoc., 1994, 128-133. Advanced technology for converting natural gas to transportation liquids is providing new options for utilization of remote natural gas reserves. Exxon’s AGC-21 Advanced Gas Conversion Technology produces a high quality refinery feedstock from natural gas. The process utilizes a highly integrated three-step sequence including fluid bed synthesis gas generation, slurry phase hydrocrbon synthesis, and fixed bed product upgrading. 95102514
Careful optimism about geographlcal lnformatlon
systems 95102506 Adsorptlon measurements In Devonian shales Xiao-Chun Lu, et al,, Fuel, Apr. 1995, 74, (4), 599-603. Much of the natural gas in the Devonian shales in the Appalachian basin is stored as a condensed phase, which may be in solution in organic material or adsorbed on surfaces. A laboratory apparatus and measurement procedure for accurate determination of the relatively small amounts of condensed phase typical of Devonian shale samples have been designed. A temperature control system was developed so that selected temperatures can be maintained precisely. Adsorption isotherms on various shale samples have been measured, and various factors which affect gas-shale adsorption are discussed.
Coal seam reservolr slmulatlon 95102507 Stevenson, M. D. et aZ., APEA J., 1994, 34, 114-120. Describes the development and applications of a reservoir simulator, SIMED II, to a number of applications in the coal-bed methane context. SIMED II is an implicit finite-difference code developed to describe simultaneous gas and water flow in coal when there is more than one gas component present. Applications presented include: history matching and forecasting in vertical wells; evaluation of dewatering during the cavity completion method of stimulating coal seams; economic evaluation of nitrogen injection for enhanced coalbed methane recovery; and application to the design and development of gassy caol mines involving gas drainage from horizontal wells. Desulfurlzatlon of hot coal-derlved fuel gases with manganese-based regenerable sorbents. 3. Flxed-bed testing
Raaijmakers, R. Gas (Netherlands), Mar. 1995, 115, (3), 38-40. (In Flemish) According to Gerard Pistorius of Gastec, geographical information systems (GIS) still fail to fulfil the expectations. Yet, in his opinion there is reason for moderate optimism. Leading managers of energy utilities gradually rewgnise that by linking together information systems they can improve the company’s company-oriented approach. There are also rays of hope with respect to the development of GIS systems. For example, better standards are being drafted so that data can be exchanged more easily. In addition, hardware and software are expected to be available at lower prices.
95102515 Code of practice for lnterventlon on gas dlstrlbutlon networks GA2 d’aujourd’hui, Feb. 1995, 119, (2)! 91-94. (In French) The article is the result of the studies camed out by a working group of the ATG Committee on distribution. It sets out the prmciples for interventions on gas distribution networks in order to ensure supply quality and the safety of both the public and the environment.
95102516 Bose,J. C.
Dethenlon, CAI on gas governor stations GA2 d’aujourd’hui, Feb. 1995, 119, (2), 95-96. (In French) Several computer-aided instructions (CAI) products have already been presented in the pages of GAZ d’aujourd’hui. These tools, when used to train gas company employees, make it possible to formalise the knowledge and experience of experts and to pass them on the operators of the future.
95102506
Ben-Slimane, R. and Hepworth, 9, (2), 372-378.
M. T.
Energy & Fuels, Mar.-Apr.
1995,
Field tests of membrane modules for the separa95102509 tlon of carbon dloxlds from low-quallty natural gas Lee, A. L. et al., Gas Separation & Purification, 1995, 9, (l), 35-43. A commercial-scale, single-stage, spiral-wound membrane system has been operated for approximately 20 months to upgrade low-quality natural gas from a well in East Texas. Throughout the test period the retentate product (‘sales’ gas) met pipeline specifications. Data were obtained on two membrane modules containing two types of asymmetric cellulose acetate membranes, one ‘standard’ and the other one of higher density.
Geologic and h drologlc characterlzatlon 95102510 coalbed-methane reservoirs In t‘c(e San Juan Basln
of
Kaiser, W. R. and Ayers, W. B. SPE Form. Eval., 1994, 9, (3), 175-184. Reports on a study made of the coal-bed methane reservoirs in the basin. The most productive coal-bed wells occur at the basin centre.
95lO2511
Joint pertners In landflll plans
Energy World, Feb. 1995, (225), p.5. Reports that the Sevem Trent and East Midlands Electricity are joint partners in environmental schemes which are set to collect methane gas from landfill waste sites in order to generate electricity for the National Grid.
95to2512
Modelllng of enrichment of natural gas well by
membranes Ettouney, H. M. et al., Gas Separation & Purificalion, 1995, 9, (l), 3-11. Models are developed to simulate on-site membrane enrichment of natural gas wells. The models consider transient behaviour of the enrichment process, the effects of permeability functions, flow patterns and separation of multicomponent systems. The as mixture considered in the analysis includes CH,, CO,, N, and H,S. E omparison of models show that for either flow pattern, the presence of low permeating species reduces the final CH, mole fraction in the enriched mixture. In addition, higher CH, recoveries are predicted by the four-component model than by the binary model. This is a result of the lower driving force for permeation in the four-component model, caused by lower mole fractions.
95102517
Die-draw llnlng sultable for trenchless renovation
Van der Grinten F. and Zegeling, J. W. Gas (Netherlands), Mar. 1995, 115, (3), 20-22. (In Flemish) The use of trenchless technology for the renovation of pipeline systems has many advantages. Die-draw lining is one of the trenchless techniques available for the renovation of gas pipes. This method is most suitable for the renovation of long, straight lengths of pipe with few lateral connections. Die-draw lining is a close-fit lining technique based on the principle of temporary reduction of the diameter of the liner. However, this sophisticated method has to be controlled accurately. Several quality aspects are of importance such as inspection of the route, condition of the old pipe, choice of PE liner material and equipment to be used in the lining process and process parameters. When every aspect gets conscious attention, a high quality can be achieved.
95102516
Dlg or drill
Gas (Netherlands), Dec. 1994, 114, (12), 650-653. (In Spiekhout, J. Flemish) In constructing pipelines in Holland road and watenvay crossings have to be made frequently. Various digging and drilling techniques are available. Ir. J. Spiekhout of Gasunie reviews the pros and wns of the various methods. The review may help in making a choice in specific situations. The key factors are presented in tabulated form.
95102519
Gas dlstrlbutlon In Baku
Drummond, P. and Guth, J. F. GAZ d’aujourd’hui, Feb. 1995, 119, (2), 97-102. (In French) In 1994, Sofregaz carried out a survey of the infrastructure of the Azerbaijani gas Industry on behalf of the World Bank. This study covered all areas from the wellhead to the burner tip in order to identify highpriority modemisation projects among existing installations. The article describes the current state of natural gas distribution in Azerbaijan and in particular in Baku which is home to almost half the country’s natural gas wnsumers and accounts for nearly 50% of natural gas consumption.
Go-ahead for two new gas plpellnes 95102520 Queensland Government Mining J., Jan. 1995, 96, p. 5. Reports that Queensland industrial and domestic users Seem assured of a more than adequate supply of natural gas as a power source following the go-ahead being given for the building of two new gas pipelines in the State.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
165
Two-stage liquetactlon of Wyomlng subbitumlnous coal effect of syngas as reducing gas 95102505
Lee, L. K. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (4), 1196-1199. Describes two bench runs conducted to compare the activity of ammonium heptamolybdate and Shell 317 N/MO extrudate catalyst as promoter for the coal solubilizing stage.
03 GASEOUS
FUELS
Sources, Properties,
Recovery,
Treatment
Transport,
Gaseous fuels (transport, storage)
Storage
Advanced gas converslon technology for remote nature1 gas utlllzatlon
95102513
Eisenberg, B. er al., Proc. 73rd Annu. Conv.-Gas Process. Assoc., 1994, 128-133. Advanced technology for converting natural gas to transportation liquids is providing new options for utilization of remote natural gas reserves. Exxon’s AGC-21 Advanced Gas Conversion Technology produces a high quality refinery feedstock from natural gas. The process utilizes a highly integrated three-step sequence including fluid bed synthesis gas generation, slurry phase hydrocrbon synthesis, and fixed bed product upgrading. 95102514
Careful optimism about geographlcal lnformatlon
systems 95102506 Adsorptlon measurements In Devonian shales Xiao-Chun Lu, et al,, Fuel, Apr. 1995, 74, (4), 599-603. Much of the natural gas in the Devonian shales in the Appalachian basin is stored as a condensed phase, which may be in solution in organic material or adsorbed on surfaces. A laboratory apparatus and measurement procedure for accurate determination of the relatively small amounts of condensed phase typical of Devonian shale samples have been designed. A temperature control system was developed so that selected temperatures can be maintained precisely. Adsorption isotherms on various shale samples have been measured, and various factors which affect gas-shale adsorption are discussed.
Coal seam reservolr slmulatlon 95102507 Stevenson, M. D. et aZ., APEA J., 1994, 34, 114-120. Describes the development and applications of a reservoir simulator, SIMED II, to a number of applications in the coal-bed methane context. SIMED II is an implicit finite-difference code developed to describe simultaneous gas and water flow in coal when there is more than one gas component present. Applications presented include: history matching and forecasting in vertical wells; evaluation of dewatering during the cavity completion method of stimulating coal seams; economic evaluation of nitrogen injection for enhanced coalbed methane recovery; and application to the design and development of gassy caol mines involving gas drainage from horizontal wells. Desulfurlzatlon of hot coal-derlved fuel gases with manganese-based regenerable sorbents. 3. Flxed-bed testing
Raaijmakers, R. Gas (Netherlands), Mar. 1995, 115, (3), 38-40. (In Flemish) According to Gerard Pistorius of Gastec, geographical information systems (GIS) still fail to fulfil the expectations. Yet, in his opinion there is reason for moderate optimism. Leading managers of energy utilities gradually rewgnise that by linking together information systems they can improve the company’s company-oriented approach. There are also rays of hope with respect to the development of GIS systems. For example, better standards are being drafted so that data can be exchanged more easily. In addition, hardware and software are expected to be available at lower prices.
95102515 Code of practice for lnterventlon on gas dlstrlbutlon networks GA2 d’aujourd’hui, Feb. 1995, 119, (2)! 91-94. (In French) The article is the result of the studies camed out by a working group of the ATG Committee on distribution. It sets out the prmciples for interventions on gas distribution networks in order to ensure supply quality and the safety of both the public and the environment.
95102516 Bose,J. C.
Dethenlon, CAI on gas governor stations GA2 d’aujourd’hui, Feb. 1995, 119, (2), 95-96. (In French) Several computer-aided instructions (CAI) products have already been presented in the pages of GAZ d’aujourd’hui. These tools, when used to train gas company employees, make it possible to formalise the knowledge and experience of experts and to pass them on the operators of the future.
95102506
Ben-Slimane, R. and Hepworth, 9, (2), 372-378.
M. T.
Energy & Fuels, Mar.-Apr.
1995,
Field tests of membrane modules for the separa95102509 tlon of carbon dloxlds from low-quallty natural gas Lee, A. L. et al., Gas Separation & Purification, 1995, 9, (l), 35-43. A commercial-scale, single-stage, spiral-wound membrane system has been operated for approximately 20 months to upgrade low-quality natural gas from a well in East Texas. Throughout the test period the retentate product (‘sales’ gas) met pipeline specifications. Data were obtained on two membrane modules containing two types of asymmetric cellulose acetate membranes, one ‘standard’ and the other one of higher density.
Geologic and h drologlc characterlzatlon 95102510 coalbed-methane reservoirs In t‘c(e San Juan Basln
of
Kaiser, W. R. and Ayers, W. B. SPE Form. Eval., 1994, 9, (3), 175-184. Reports on a study made of the coal-bed methane reservoirs in the basin. The most productive coal-bed wells occur at the basin centre.
95lO2511
Joint pertners In landflll plans
Energy World, Feb. 1995, (225), p.5. Reports that the Sevem Trent and East Midlands Electricity are joint partners in environmental schemes which are set to collect methane gas from landfill waste sites in order to generate electricity for the National Grid.
95to2512
Modelllng of enrichment of natural gas well by
membranes Ettouney, H. M. et al., Gas Separation & Purificalion, 1995, 9, (l), 3-11. Models are developed to simulate on-site membrane enrichment of natural gas wells. The models consider transient behaviour of the enrichment process, the effects of permeability functions, flow patterns and separation of multicomponent systems. The as mixture considered in the analysis includes CH,, CO,, N, and H,S. E omparison of models show that for either flow pattern, the presence of low permeating species reduces the final CH, mole fraction in the enriched mixture. In addition, higher CH, recoveries are predicted by the four-component model than by the binary model. This is a result of the lower driving force for permeation in the four-component model, caused by lower mole fractions.
95102517
Die-draw llnlng sultable for trenchless renovation
Van der Grinten F. and Zegeling, J. W. Gas (Netherlands), Mar. 1995, 115, (3), 20-22. (In Flemish) The use of trenchless technology for the renovation of pipeline systems has many advantages. Die-draw lining is one of the trenchless techniques available for the renovation of gas pipes. This method is most suitable for the renovation of long, straight lengths of pipe with few lateral connections. Die-draw lining is a close-fit lining technique based on the principle of temporary reduction of the diameter of the liner. However, this sophisticated method has to be controlled accurately. Several quality aspects are of importance such as inspection of the route, condition of the old pipe, choice of PE liner material and equipment to be used in the lining process and process parameters. When every aspect gets conscious attention, a high quality can be achieved.
95102516
Dlg or drill
Gas (Netherlands), Dec. 1994, 114, (12), 650-653. (In Spiekhout, J. Flemish) In constructing pipelines in Holland road and watenvay crossings have to be made frequently. Various digging and drilling techniques are available. Ir. J. Spiekhout of Gasunie reviews the pros and wns of the various methods. The review may help in making a choice in specific situations. The key factors are presented in tabulated form.
95102519
Gas dlstrlbutlon In Baku
Drummond, P. and Guth, J. F. GAZ d’aujourd’hui, Feb. 1995, 119, (2), 97-102. (In French) In 1994, Sofregaz carried out a survey of the infrastructure of the Azerbaijani gas Industry on behalf of the World Bank. This study covered all areas from the wellhead to the burner tip in order to identify highpriority modemisation projects among existing installations. The article describes the current state of natural gas distribution in Azerbaijan and in particular in Baku which is home to almost half the country’s natural gas wnsumers and accounts for nearly 50% of natural gas consumption.
Go-ahead for two new gas plpellnes 95102520 Queensland Government Mining J., Jan. 1995, 96, p. 5. Reports that Queensland industrial and domestic users Seem assured of a more than adequate supply of natural gas as a power source following the go-ahead being given for the building of two new gas pipelines in the State.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
165