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Additions to Belemnospora and Cryptophiale from Malaysia
Myca/. Res. 92 (3): 354-358 (1989)
354
Printed in Great Britain
Additions to Belemnospora and Cryptophiale from Malaysia
B. C.SUTTON CAB International Mycological Institute, Ferry Lane, Kew, Surrey TW9 3AF
A. NAWAWI AND A.
J.
KUTHUBUTHEEN
Department of Botany, University of Malaya, 5900 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Additions to Belemnospora and Cryptophiale from Malaysia. Mycological Research 92 (3): 354-358 (1989). Belemnospora [uliginea sp. nov. and Cryptophiale enormis sp. nov. are described and illustrated from the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Each is compared and contrasted with existing species in the genera and keys to accepted species of Belemnospora and Cryptophiale are given.
Key words: Belemnospora fuliginea, Gaultheria, Cryptophiale enormis, Keys, Litter fungi. BELEMNOSPORA The name Belemnospora was introduced by Kirk (1981). Two species were assigned to the genus, B. epiphylla P. M. Kirk from dead leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Rhododendron sp. and an indet. host, and B. pinicola P. M. Kirk from dead needles of Pinus sylvestris; both were found in the U.K. A third species was added by Matsushima (1983) who described B. phragmospora Matsushima in culture from indet. broad-leaved tree wood from Japan and a fourth species, B. verruculosa P. M. Kirk, was introduced by Kirk & Spooner (1984) and described from a dead twig of Rhododendron ponticum and a dead stem of Phragmites australis from the U.K. The only subsequent revision of any of these species has been by Sivanesan & Sutton (1985) who recorded B. verruculosa on leaves of Xanthorrhoea sp. from Australia and transferred the name of fungus to Pseudospiropes M. B. Ellis. As presently constituted Belemnospora contains three species, characterized by effuse, brown, hairy colonies with superficial anastomosing brown mycelium, macronematous unbranched conidiophores, integrated conidiogenous cells which repeatedly proliferate enteroblastically and percurrently to form conidia at successively higher levels, and holoblastic, solitary, dry, smooth, cylindrical, septate or aseptate conidia which are obtuse at the apex and distinctly truncate at the base, and which secede schizolytically. The Malaysian fungus described below conSistently has 1septate conidia which are wider than in the accepted species and conidiogenous cells which produce 16-29 percurrent proliferations. Belemnospora epiphylla forms 1-8 proliferations, B. pinicola 1-3 and B. phragmospora up to 19 and as a result, each of these species has relatively short conidiophores, with
those of B. phragmospora the largest, but attaining only 40 ~m. In the Malaysian species conidiophores measure 65-130 ~m in length. Belemnospora fuliginea Sutton, Nawawi & Kuthubutheen, sp. nov. (Figs 1, 2) Etym.: fuligineus (L) - dirty brown (reference to the appearance of colonies in leaves) Coloniae effusae, minute pilosae, sordido brunneae vel brunneae, conspicuosae, frequenter hypogenae, raro epigenae, irregulares, discretae vel confluentes super paginam foliorum occupantes. Mycelium pro parte superficiale, ex hyphis anastomosantibus, pallide brunneis, laevibus, septatis, irregularibus, 2'5-5'0 I-lm diam compositum. Conidiophora macronematosa, mononematosa, solitaria, non ramosa, medio brunnea, apicem versus pallidiora, cylindrica, laevia, usque ad 5-euseptata, ad basim inflata, 65-130 I-lm longa x 4'55'0 I-lm lata, mycelio superficiale oriunda. Cellulae conidiogenae in conidiophoris incorporatae, terminates, cylindricae, rectae, brunneae, 16-29 proliferationibus, enteroblasticis, percurrentibus regulatim dispositis. Conidia holoblastica, acrogena, solitaria, sicca, laevia, cylindrica, apicem obtusa et basim truncata et minute incrassata, pallide brunnea, in mediano 1-euseptata, guttulata, 11-12 x 4-5 I-lm, schizolytica secedentia. In foliis viridibus Gaultheriae sp., Brinchang, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia, 25 Oct. 1987, B. C. Sutton, IMI 320365, holotypus.
Colonies effuse, minutely hairy, dirty brown to brown, conspicuous, mostly hypogenous, more rarely epigenous, irregular, discrete or confluent and occupying much of the leaf surface. Mycelium mostly superfiCial, composed of a network of anastomosing, pale brown, smooth, septate, irregular hyphae 2'5-5'0 ~m diam. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, solitary, unbranched, medium brown, paler
B. C. Sutton, A. Nawawi and A.
J. Kuthubutheen
355
Fig. 1. BeJemnospora fuliginea. Epigenous colonies on green leaves (x 1).
towards the apices, cylindrical. smooth, up to 5-septate, swollen at the base, 65-130 IJm long x 4'5-5'0 IJm wide, arising direct from the superficial mycelium. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, cylindrical. straight, brown, with 16-29 regularly spaced, enteroblastic, percurrent proliferations.
Conidia holoblastic, aerogenous, solitary, dry, smooth, cylindrical. with the apex obtuse and the base truncate and slightly thickened, pale brown, medianly 1-euseptate, guttulate, II-12 x 4-5 1Jffi, seceding schizolytically.
Key to Belemnospora species 1. Conidiogenous cells with up to 29 percurrent proliferations, conidia I-septate, 11-12 x 4-5 I.Iffi 1. Conidiogenous cells with 20 or less percurrent proliferations 2. Conidia consistently more than I-septate, 8-22 x 3-4 I.Im . 2. Conidia 0-1 septate, not exceeding 2'5 I.Iffi wide 3. Conidia I-septate, 9-16 Illl long 3. Conidia O-septate, 6'5-9 Illl long
B. juJiginea 2
B. phragmospora 3 B. epiphylJa B. pinicola
Belemnospora and Cryptophiale
356
Fig. 2. Belemnospora [uliginea. A. Conidia; B, conidiophores showing annellations.
50/lm
B
,.
CRYPTOPHIALE The name Cryptophiale was introduced by Pirozynski (1968), with two species, C. kakombensis Pirozynski (the type species) on dead leaves of Baphia sp. from Tanzania, and C. udagawae Pirozynski & Ichinoe on dead leaves of Quercus sp. from lapan. So far a total of nine species have been described in the genus, additions being made by Matsushima (1971, 1975), Sutton & Hodges (1976), FaIT (1980), Kuthubutheen & Sutton (1985) and Kuthubutheen (1987). FaIT (1980) tabulated differences between the then described species and provided a key. Kirk & Sutton (1985) showed that Chaetopsina lateralis P. M. Kirk was a later synonym of Cryptophiale secunda Kuthubutheen & Sutton and Kuthubutheen & Nawawi (1987) subsequently removed C. secunda to a new genus Cryptophialoidea Kuthubutheen & Nawawi together with a new species, Cryptophialoidea uncispora Kuthubutheen & Nawawi. Cryptophiale species are now known to be Widespread as inhabitants of decaying plant material, especially leaf litter. Cryptophiale aristata Kuthubutheen & Sutton, C. guadalcanalensis Matsushima (as 'guadalcanalense'), C. minor FaIT and C. iriomoteana Matsushima (as 'iriomoteanum ') are still comparatively rare species, but C. kakombensis, C. udagawae and C. manifesta Sutton & Hodges are known to be extensively distributed on a wide range of substrata in tropical and subtropical regions. The Malaysian fungus described below differs markedly
from the known species in conidial morphology and size even though the dimensions of conidiophores and fertile regions are similar in all known species. Conidia in the Malaysian fungus are 55-67 x 7·5-9·0!-lm and 4-7 septate, whereas conidia in the other species are I-septate and the maximum sizes obtained by any are 23-27 x 2-3 !-lm for C. aristata, 22-27 x 1'5-2'0 !-lm for C. manifesta and 22'0-27·5 x 1'7-2'0 !-lm for C. kakombensis. The remaining species have appreciably smaller conidia.
Cryptophiale enormis Sutton, Nawawi & Kuthubutheen sp. (Fig. 3) nov.
Etym.: enormis (L) - enormous, in reference to conidial size Coloniae effusae, pilosae, inconspicuosae. Mycelium irnmersum sparsum, ex hyphis ramosis, septatis, bnmneis, 5 IJrn diam compositum. Conidiophora macronernatosa, mononernatosa, ereda vel apicern versus curvata, non ramosa, atro brunnea, laevia, parietibus incrassatis, usque ad 6 septata, basirn irregulariter bulbosa, regionem fertilern versus derninuta sed in regione fertili leviter latiora, demum apiceffi acutum abrupte derninuta, usque ad 240 IJrn longa, ad basim 30 IJrn lata deinde 8 IJffi lata, in regione fertili 9-13 IJrn lata. Regio fertilis apicalis, apicem acutum conidiophori 7-10 IJffi projedum, cylindrica, 52-65 IJrn longa x 13-21 IJrn lata, cellulis coniwogenis a clypeo ex cellulis sterilibus, lobatis, pallide brunneis 3 IJffi warn vel 12 IJffi longis x 2'5-4-0 IJm crassis obscuris. Conidia hyalina, laevia,
B. C. Sutton, A. Nawawi and A. J. Kuthubutheen
357
Fig. 3. Cryptaphiale mannis. A. Conidia; B, conidiophores; C, fertile region with attached conidia; D, fertile region without conidia.
50 11m
i
..........i
:.
A
4-7 septata, guttulata, fusiformia, 55-67 x 7'5-9'0 ~m, apicem versus 5-8 ~m longam deminuta. In radice emortua ignota, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia, 26 Oct. 1987, B. C. Sutton, IMI 320372, holotypus.
Colonies effuse, hairy, inconspicuous. Mycelium immersed, sparse, composed of branched, septate, brown hyphae, 5 !-1m diam. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, erect but curved towards the apices, unbranched, dark brown, smooth, thick-walled, up to 6 septate, bulbous to irregular at the base, tapered gradually towards the fertile region but becoming
slightly wider, finally abruptly tapered to an acute apex, up to 240 !-1m long, up to 30 !-1m wide at the base, tapering to 8 !-1m wide below the fertile region, but 9-13 !-1m wide in the fertile region. Fertile region apical, with the acute apex of the conidiophore projecting 7-10!-lm beyond, cylindrical, 52-65 !-1m long x 13-21 !-1m wide, the conidiogenous cells obscured by a shield of sterile flat, lobed, pale brown cells varying from 3 I-lffi diam to up to 12 !-1m long x 2'5-4'0 !-1m wide. Conidia hyaline, smooth, 4-7 septate, guttulate, fusiform, 55-67 x 7'5-9'0 !-1m with the apex tapered to form a short appendage 5-8 !-1m long.
B. C. Sutton, A. Nawawi and A. J. Kuthubutheen
358
Key to Cryptophiale species 1. Conidiophore apex simple . 2 1. Conidiophore apex branched 7 2. Conidia I-septate . 3 2. Conidia 4-7 septate, 55--67 x 7'5-9'0 !lm C. enonnis 3. Conidia 12-14 x 1'2 !lm C. minor 3. Conidia 14'0-27'5 x 1'5-3'0 !lm . 4 4. Conidial apex extended into an appendage or uncinate 5 4. Conidia lacking an appendage, straight or falcate 6 5. Conidia 23-27 X 2-3 !lm, appendage 7-12 !lm long; conidiophore apex barely projecting beyond the fertile region C. aristata 5. Conidia uncinate, 14-23 X 1'5-2'0 !lm; conidiophore apex projecting well beyond the fertile region. C. iriomoteana 6. Fertile region median rather than apical; conidia tapered only towards the apices, broadest at the bases, 22-27 x l'5-Z'0 !lm C. manifesta 6. Fertile region apical; conidiophore apex just projecting from the fertile region; conidia falcate, attenuated at each end, 22'0-27'5 X l'7-2'0!lm . . C. kakombensis 7. Fertile region confined to the unbranched part of the conidiophore; conidia falcate, 15-25 X 1'5-3'0 !lm with the apex extended into a short appendage C. udagawae 7. Fertile region extending to the first dichotomy of the conidiophore 8 8. Conidia falcate, 16--24 X 1'3-2'0 !lm C. guadalcanalensis 8. Conidia subulate, 28-32 X 2-3 !lm, with a flexuous appendage 10-18 !lm long C. cucullata
B. C. S. acknowledges with thanks financial support from the British Council and the Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Malaya which enabled the work to be carried out, Mr David Jones, Botany Department, University of Malaya, who greatly assisted during the field excursion to the Cameron Highlands and Miss Georgina Godwin for photographic assistance. REFERENCES FARR, M. L. (1980). A new species of Cryptophiale from Amazonas. Mycotaxon 11, 177-181. KIRK, P. M. (1981). New or interesHng microfungi. II. DemaHaceous Hyphomycetes from Esher Common, Surrey. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 77, 279-297. KIRK, P. M. & SPOONER, B. M. (1984). An account of the fungi of Arran, Gigha and Kintyre. Kew Bulletin 38, 503-597. KIRK, P. M. & SUTTON, B. C. (1985). A reassessment of the anamorph genus Chaetopsina (Hyphomycetes). Transactions of the British Mycological Society 85, 709-718. KUTHUBUTHEEN, A. J. (1987). Another new species of Cryptophiale
(Received for publication 26 February 1988)
from Malaysia. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 89, 274-278. KUTHUBUTHEEN, A. J. & NAWAWI, A. (1987). Cryptophialoidea gen. nov. on decaying leaves from Malaysia. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 89, 581-583. KUTHUBUTHEEN, A. J. & SUTTON, B. C. (1985). Cryptophiale from Malaysia. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 84, 303-306. MATSUSHIMA, T. (1971). Microfungi of the Solomon Islands and Papua-New Guinea. Kobe, Japan: Published by the author. MATSUSHIMA, T. (1975). leones Microfungorum a Matsushima Lectorum. Kobe, Japan: Published by the author. MATSUSHIMA, T. (1983). Matsushima Mycological Memoirs No.3. Kobe, Japan: Published by the author. PIROZYNSKI, K. A. (1968). Cryptophiale, a new genus of Hyphomycetes. Canadian Journal of Botany 46, 1123-1127. SIVANESAN, A. & SUTTON, B. C. (1985). Microfungi on Xanthorrhoea. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 85, 239-255. SUTTON, B. C. & HODGES, C. S. (1976). Eucalyptus microfungi: some setose hyphomycetes with phialides. Nova Hedwigia 27, 343-352.
354
Printed in Great Britain
Additions to Belemnospora and Cryptophiale from Malaysia
B. C.SUTTON CAB International Mycological Institute, Ferry Lane, Kew, Surrey TW9 3AF
A. NAWAWI AND A.
J.
KUTHUBUTHEEN
Department of Botany, University of Malaya, 5900 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Additions to Belemnospora and Cryptophiale from Malaysia. Mycological Research 92 (3): 354-358 (1989). Belemnospora [uliginea sp. nov. and Cryptophiale enormis sp. nov. are described and illustrated from the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Each is compared and contrasted with existing species in the genera and keys to accepted species of Belemnospora and Cryptophiale are given.
Key words: Belemnospora fuliginea, Gaultheria, Cryptophiale enormis, Keys, Litter fungi. BELEMNOSPORA The name Belemnospora was introduced by Kirk (1981). Two species were assigned to the genus, B. epiphylla P. M. Kirk from dead leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Rhododendron sp. and an indet. host, and B. pinicola P. M. Kirk from dead needles of Pinus sylvestris; both were found in the U.K. A third species was added by Matsushima (1983) who described B. phragmospora Matsushima in culture from indet. broad-leaved tree wood from Japan and a fourth species, B. verruculosa P. M. Kirk, was introduced by Kirk & Spooner (1984) and described from a dead twig of Rhododendron ponticum and a dead stem of Phragmites australis from the U.K. The only subsequent revision of any of these species has been by Sivanesan & Sutton (1985) who recorded B. verruculosa on leaves of Xanthorrhoea sp. from Australia and transferred the name of fungus to Pseudospiropes M. B. Ellis. As presently constituted Belemnospora contains three species, characterized by effuse, brown, hairy colonies with superficial anastomosing brown mycelium, macronematous unbranched conidiophores, integrated conidiogenous cells which repeatedly proliferate enteroblastically and percurrently to form conidia at successively higher levels, and holoblastic, solitary, dry, smooth, cylindrical, septate or aseptate conidia which are obtuse at the apex and distinctly truncate at the base, and which secede schizolytically. The Malaysian fungus described below conSistently has 1septate conidia which are wider than in the accepted species and conidiogenous cells which produce 16-29 percurrent proliferations. Belemnospora epiphylla forms 1-8 proliferations, B. pinicola 1-3 and B. phragmospora up to 19 and as a result, each of these species has relatively short conidiophores, with
those of B. phragmospora the largest, but attaining only 40 ~m. In the Malaysian species conidiophores measure 65-130 ~m in length. Belemnospora fuliginea Sutton, Nawawi & Kuthubutheen, sp. nov. (Figs 1, 2) Etym.: fuligineus (L) - dirty brown (reference to the appearance of colonies in leaves) Coloniae effusae, minute pilosae, sordido brunneae vel brunneae, conspicuosae, frequenter hypogenae, raro epigenae, irregulares, discretae vel confluentes super paginam foliorum occupantes. Mycelium pro parte superficiale, ex hyphis anastomosantibus, pallide brunneis, laevibus, septatis, irregularibus, 2'5-5'0 I-lm diam compositum. Conidiophora macronematosa, mononematosa, solitaria, non ramosa, medio brunnea, apicem versus pallidiora, cylindrica, laevia, usque ad 5-euseptata, ad basim inflata, 65-130 I-lm longa x 4'55'0 I-lm lata, mycelio superficiale oriunda. Cellulae conidiogenae in conidiophoris incorporatae, terminates, cylindricae, rectae, brunneae, 16-29 proliferationibus, enteroblasticis, percurrentibus regulatim dispositis. Conidia holoblastica, acrogena, solitaria, sicca, laevia, cylindrica, apicem obtusa et basim truncata et minute incrassata, pallide brunnea, in mediano 1-euseptata, guttulata, 11-12 x 4-5 I-lm, schizolytica secedentia. In foliis viridibus Gaultheriae sp., Brinchang, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia, 25 Oct. 1987, B. C. Sutton, IMI 320365, holotypus.
Colonies effuse, minutely hairy, dirty brown to brown, conspicuous, mostly hypogenous, more rarely epigenous, irregular, discrete or confluent and occupying much of the leaf surface. Mycelium mostly superfiCial, composed of a network of anastomosing, pale brown, smooth, septate, irregular hyphae 2'5-5'0 ~m diam. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, solitary, unbranched, medium brown, paler
B. C. Sutton, A. Nawawi and A.
J. Kuthubutheen
355
Fig. 1. BeJemnospora fuliginea. Epigenous colonies on green leaves (x 1).
towards the apices, cylindrical. smooth, up to 5-septate, swollen at the base, 65-130 IJm long x 4'5-5'0 IJm wide, arising direct from the superficial mycelium. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, cylindrical. straight, brown, with 16-29 regularly spaced, enteroblastic, percurrent proliferations.
Conidia holoblastic, aerogenous, solitary, dry, smooth, cylindrical. with the apex obtuse and the base truncate and slightly thickened, pale brown, medianly 1-euseptate, guttulate, II-12 x 4-5 1Jffi, seceding schizolytically.
Key to Belemnospora species 1. Conidiogenous cells with up to 29 percurrent proliferations, conidia I-septate, 11-12 x 4-5 I.Iffi 1. Conidiogenous cells with 20 or less percurrent proliferations 2. Conidia consistently more than I-septate, 8-22 x 3-4 I.Im . 2. Conidia 0-1 septate, not exceeding 2'5 I.Iffi wide 3. Conidia I-septate, 9-16 Illl long 3. Conidia O-septate, 6'5-9 Illl long
B. juJiginea 2
B. phragmospora 3 B. epiphylJa B. pinicola
Belemnospora and Cryptophiale
356
Fig. 2. Belemnospora [uliginea. A. Conidia; B, conidiophores showing annellations.
50/lm
B
,.
CRYPTOPHIALE The name Cryptophiale was introduced by Pirozynski (1968), with two species, C. kakombensis Pirozynski (the type species) on dead leaves of Baphia sp. from Tanzania, and C. udagawae Pirozynski & Ichinoe on dead leaves of Quercus sp. from lapan. So far a total of nine species have been described in the genus, additions being made by Matsushima (1971, 1975), Sutton & Hodges (1976), FaIT (1980), Kuthubutheen & Sutton (1985) and Kuthubutheen (1987). FaIT (1980) tabulated differences between the then described species and provided a key. Kirk & Sutton (1985) showed that Chaetopsina lateralis P. M. Kirk was a later synonym of Cryptophiale secunda Kuthubutheen & Sutton and Kuthubutheen & Nawawi (1987) subsequently removed C. secunda to a new genus Cryptophialoidea Kuthubutheen & Nawawi together with a new species, Cryptophialoidea uncispora Kuthubutheen & Nawawi. Cryptophiale species are now known to be Widespread as inhabitants of decaying plant material, especially leaf litter. Cryptophiale aristata Kuthubutheen & Sutton, C. guadalcanalensis Matsushima (as 'guadalcanalense'), C. minor FaIT and C. iriomoteana Matsushima (as 'iriomoteanum ') are still comparatively rare species, but C. kakombensis, C. udagawae and C. manifesta Sutton & Hodges are known to be extensively distributed on a wide range of substrata in tropical and subtropical regions. The Malaysian fungus described below differs markedly
from the known species in conidial morphology and size even though the dimensions of conidiophores and fertile regions are similar in all known species. Conidia in the Malaysian fungus are 55-67 x 7·5-9·0!-lm and 4-7 septate, whereas conidia in the other species are I-septate and the maximum sizes obtained by any are 23-27 x 2-3 !-lm for C. aristata, 22-27 x 1'5-2'0 !-lm for C. manifesta and 22'0-27·5 x 1'7-2'0 !-lm for C. kakombensis. The remaining species have appreciably smaller conidia.
Cryptophiale enormis Sutton, Nawawi & Kuthubutheen sp. (Fig. 3) nov.
Etym.: enormis (L) - enormous, in reference to conidial size Coloniae effusae, pilosae, inconspicuosae. Mycelium irnmersum sparsum, ex hyphis ramosis, septatis, bnmneis, 5 IJrn diam compositum. Conidiophora macronernatosa, mononernatosa, ereda vel apicern versus curvata, non ramosa, atro brunnea, laevia, parietibus incrassatis, usque ad 6 septata, basirn irregulariter bulbosa, regionem fertilern versus derninuta sed in regione fertili leviter latiora, demum apiceffi acutum abrupte derninuta, usque ad 240 IJrn longa, ad basim 30 IJrn lata deinde 8 IJffi lata, in regione fertili 9-13 IJrn lata. Regio fertilis apicalis, apicem acutum conidiophori 7-10 IJffi projedum, cylindrica, 52-65 IJrn longa x 13-21 IJrn lata, cellulis coniwogenis a clypeo ex cellulis sterilibus, lobatis, pallide brunneis 3 IJffi warn vel 12 IJffi longis x 2'5-4-0 IJm crassis obscuris. Conidia hyalina, laevia,
B. C. Sutton, A. Nawawi and A. J. Kuthubutheen
357
Fig. 3. Cryptaphiale mannis. A. Conidia; B, conidiophores; C, fertile region with attached conidia; D, fertile region without conidia.
50 11m
i
..........i
:.
A
4-7 septata, guttulata, fusiformia, 55-67 x 7'5-9'0 ~m, apicem versus 5-8 ~m longam deminuta. In radice emortua ignota, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia, 26 Oct. 1987, B. C. Sutton, IMI 320372, holotypus.
Colonies effuse, hairy, inconspicuous. Mycelium immersed, sparse, composed of branched, septate, brown hyphae, 5 !-1m diam. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, erect but curved towards the apices, unbranched, dark brown, smooth, thick-walled, up to 6 septate, bulbous to irregular at the base, tapered gradually towards the fertile region but becoming
slightly wider, finally abruptly tapered to an acute apex, up to 240 !-1m long, up to 30 !-1m wide at the base, tapering to 8 !-1m wide below the fertile region, but 9-13 !-1m wide in the fertile region. Fertile region apical, with the acute apex of the conidiophore projecting 7-10!-lm beyond, cylindrical, 52-65 !-1m long x 13-21 !-1m wide, the conidiogenous cells obscured by a shield of sterile flat, lobed, pale brown cells varying from 3 I-lffi diam to up to 12 !-1m long x 2'5-4'0 !-1m wide. Conidia hyaline, smooth, 4-7 septate, guttulate, fusiform, 55-67 x 7'5-9'0 !-1m with the apex tapered to form a short appendage 5-8 !-1m long.
B. C. Sutton, A. Nawawi and A. J. Kuthubutheen
358
Key to Cryptophiale species 1. Conidiophore apex simple . 2 1. Conidiophore apex branched 7 2. Conidia I-septate . 3 2. Conidia 4-7 septate, 55--67 x 7'5-9'0 !lm C. enonnis 3. Conidia 12-14 x 1'2 !lm C. minor 3. Conidia 14'0-27'5 x 1'5-3'0 !lm . 4 4. Conidial apex extended into an appendage or uncinate 5 4. Conidia lacking an appendage, straight or falcate 6 5. Conidia 23-27 X 2-3 !lm, appendage 7-12 !lm long; conidiophore apex barely projecting beyond the fertile region C. aristata 5. Conidia uncinate, 14-23 X 1'5-2'0 !lm; conidiophore apex projecting well beyond the fertile region. C. iriomoteana 6. Fertile region median rather than apical; conidia tapered only towards the apices, broadest at the bases, 22-27 x l'5-Z'0 !lm C. manifesta 6. Fertile region apical; conidiophore apex just projecting from the fertile region; conidia falcate, attenuated at each end, 22'0-27'5 X l'7-2'0!lm . . C. kakombensis 7. Fertile region confined to the unbranched part of the conidiophore; conidia falcate, 15-25 X 1'5-3'0 !lm with the apex extended into a short appendage C. udagawae 7. Fertile region extending to the first dichotomy of the conidiophore 8 8. Conidia falcate, 16--24 X 1'3-2'0 !lm C. guadalcanalensis 8. Conidia subulate, 28-32 X 2-3 !lm, with a flexuous appendage 10-18 !lm long C. cucullata
B. C. S. acknowledges with thanks financial support from the British Council and the Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Malaya which enabled the work to be carried out, Mr David Jones, Botany Department, University of Malaya, who greatly assisted during the field excursion to the Cameron Highlands and Miss Georgina Godwin for photographic assistance. REFERENCES FARR, M. L. (1980). A new species of Cryptophiale from Amazonas. Mycotaxon 11, 177-181. KIRK, P. M. (1981). New or interesHng microfungi. II. DemaHaceous Hyphomycetes from Esher Common, Surrey. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 77, 279-297. KIRK, P. M. & SPOONER, B. M. (1984). An account of the fungi of Arran, Gigha and Kintyre. Kew Bulletin 38, 503-597. KIRK, P. M. & SUTTON, B. C. (1985). A reassessment of the anamorph genus Chaetopsina (Hyphomycetes). Transactions of the British Mycological Society 85, 709-718. KUTHUBUTHEEN, A. J. (1987). Another new species of Cryptophiale
(Received for publication 26 February 1988)
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