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Cryptocoryneopsis umbraculiformis gen. et sp.nov. from Australia
[ 393 ] Trans. Br, mycol. Soc. 74 (2) 393-398 (1980)
Printed in Great Britain
CRYPTOCORYNEOPSIS UMBRACULIFORMIS GEN. ET SP.NOV. FROM AUSTRALIA By B. C. SUTTON Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew
A dematiaceous hyphomycete colonizing leaf litter of Banksia oblongifolia in Queensland, Australia is illustrated and described as Cryptocoryneopsis umbraculiformis gen. et sp.nov. The relationships to Cryptocoryneum Fckl are discussed. Notwithstanding the several excellent recent contributions to our knowledge of leaf litter microfungi, notably those by Pirozynski (1962, 1963) and Matsushima (1971, 1975), the indications are that there still remain many taxa to be formally described from this type of habitat. Certain common species are now known to colonize and sporulate on a wide variety of plant substrates with seemingly few geographic limitations (Sutton, 1978). These are invariably found in the leaf litter of hosts that previously had not been examined in this context. In addition to such species it is by no means uncommon to find, on such hosts, microfungi which by their often bizarre peculiarities, are immediately recognized as distinct genera, e.g. Satchmopsis (Sutton, 1975), Pappimyces and Umbellidion (Sutton & Hodges, 1975), Pseudotracylla (Sutton & Hodges, 1976), Zopheromyces (Sutton & Hodges, 1977), and Flosculomyces (Sutton, 1978). The fungus described here as Cryptocoryneopsis umbraculiformis falls in this category. It was found mixed with Tetraploa aristata Berk. & Br., Dictyosporium elegans Cda, and other, as yet unnamed species, on decaying leaves of Banksia oblongifolia, a substrate which to my knowledge, had not previously been examined for leaf litter microfungi. Cryptocoryneopsis gen.nov. (etym. Cryptocoryneum et-opsis (L, suff.) like)
Coloniae sparsae, late effusae, Mycelium plerumque superficiale, ex hyphis ramosis, septatis, paIlide brunneis, anastomosantibus,laevibuscompositum.Conidiophora macronematosa, mononematosa, non ramosa, recta, laevia, septata, atrobrunnea. Cellulae conidiogenae integratae, terminales, holoblasticae, singulae in quoque conidiophoro. Conidia acrogena, sicca, solitaria, umbraculiformia, loco centrali basali secedenti; corpus conidii ex ceIIulis paIlidebrunneis compositum, ad peripheriam omnibus cum ceIIuIis cheiroideis affixis; turmae cheiroideae ex 1-4 ceIIulis superioribus, atro brunneis, globosis et 2-4 ramis pallide brunneis, 2-4 septatis, deorsum pendulis constantes. Species typica: C. umbraculiformis Sutton.
Colonies sparse, widely effuse. Mycelium mostly superficial, composed of branched, septate, pale brown, anastomosing, smooth hyphae. Conidiaphores macronematous, mononematous, unbranched, straight, smooth, septate, dark brown, thick-walled. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, holoblastic, single on each conidiophore. Conidia aerogenous, dry, solitary, umbrellashaped, with a basal central point of secession and the body of the conidium comprised of 4-8 pale brown cells at the periphery of which each produces a cheiroid group of cells; the latter consist of 1-4 upper dark brown more or less globose cells and 2-4 downwardly directed, 2-4 septate pale brown pendulous branches. Of the several hundred genera of Hyphomycetes described in the literature there is only one which bears really close relationship to Cryptocoryneopsis, and that is Cryptocoryneum Fckl. It consists of sporodochial, pulvinate conidiomata and slender macronematous, mononematous conidiophores. Conidia arise in a solitary manner from the apex of the conidiophore and consist of a small number of swollen brown cap cells from which septate, subhyaline or pale brown arms grow down towards the substrate. The conidiophores are often obscured by these pendant conidial branches. The synonymy for the type species, C. condensatum (Wallr.) Mason & Hughes, has been given by Hughes (1958) and an illustration and description was provided by Ellis (1971). The only other species confirmed as correctly belonging in the genus is C. rilstonii M. B. Ellis (1972, 1976). Most of the described taxa in Cryptocoryneum have already been moved to other genera by various authors. Cryptocoryneopsis resembles Cryptocoryneum in having composite conidia comprised of apical, central cap-cells (Ellis, 1971) and downwardly directed paler branches. Another point of similarity is conidiogenesis, which in both genera is simple and holoblastic, each conidiophore producing a single conidium. Here the resemblance
0007-1536/80/2828-6130 $01.00 © 1980 The British Mycological Society
394
Cryptocoryneopsis umbraculiformis gen. et sp.nov.
Figs 1-6. Cryptocoryneopsis umbraculiformis (x 650).1, Immature developing conidium; conidia; 3, cheiroid conidial arms displaced in mounting.
2,
4-6, mature
B. C. Sutton
Figs 7-'12. Cryptocoryneopsis umbraculiformis, scanning electron micrographs of attached conidia. 7, Very young developing conidium (x 3500); 8, conidium at a similar stage showing the smoother branches and roughened cap (x 3250); 9, 10, viewed from the above to show the regular pattern of branching (x 2000); 11, mature conidium viewed from the side, showing pendant conidial branches (x 2750); 12, young attached conidium viewed from below (x 2750).
395
396
Cryptocoryneopsis umbraculiformis gen. et sp.noo.
ends inasmuch as a detailed comparison shows the genera to be quite distinct in a number of features. Whereas apparently similar conidia are formed in both Cryptocoryneum and Cryptocoryneopsis, the conidiophores are in fact very different. In Cryptocoryneopsis (Fig. 1-3, 13A) a thick-walled dark brown, rigid, erect conidiophore bears the developing conidium 30-70 Jlm above the substrate (the conidium itself is only up to 32 Jlm high) but in Cryptocoryneum the ends of the pendulous conidial branches are almost in contact with the substrate. This means that the conidiophores are approximately the same length as the conidia (up to 80 Jlm in C. condensatum ; and 40 Jlm in C. rilstonii). Furthermore in both Cryptocoryneum species conidiophores are thin-walled, hyaline to pale brown, and flexuous. Thus the appearance of Cryptocoryneopsis is that of a typical dematiaceous hyphomycete, the conidium formed well above the level of the substrate, but Cryptocoryneum is more like a sporodochial hyphomycete where conidia are clustered on the surface of the substrate. The resemblance in conidial morphology between Cryptocoryneum and Cryptocoryneopsis is only superficial. In Cryptocoryneum the pendulous branches are formed irregularly from the superficial cap cells, and in C. condensatum they are occasionally branched. In Cryptocoryneopsis however, the development of pendulous branches and their final relationship to the cap cells are the end results of a much more precise developmental process. The central cap cells divide to form 4-8 pale brown cells that comprise the main body of the conidium (Figs 7-9). Each of these divides dichotomously and differentiates one or more peripheral downwardly directed cells which become thick-walled and dark brown (Fig. 10). It is from such deeply pigmented cells that the downwardly directed pendulous branches originate (Figs 11, 12). When this multicellular, highly complex conidium is mounted base down on a slide preparation and gently squashed, it is seen that the deeply pigmented cells and the branches are individual cheiroid groups of cells regularly inserted around the periphery of the main conidial body. These can become detached by mechanical pressure (Fig. 3), and indeed isolated cheiroid groups have been found germinating to form superficial mycelium on the host substrate. This, however, is not regarded as typical. The conidium seems more frequently to become detached as a single complex unit (Figs 4, 5, 13E). Examination of air-dried specimens by scanning electron microscopy (181-60) has shown the peripheral and downwardly directed branches to be comparatively smooth (Figs 8, 10, 11), whereas
the central cells forming the main body of the conidium are ornamented in an irregular manner (Figs 7-11). These remnants of primary wall material remain attached to the upper surface of these cells as the conidia mature.
Cryptocoryneopsis umbraculiformis sp.nov, (Fig. 13) (etym. umbraculum (L) et forma (L) umbrella-shaped) Coloniae sparsae, late effusae, hypophyllae. Mycelium plerumque superficiale, ex hyphis ramosis, septatis, pallide brunneis irregulariter anastomosantibus, laevibus, 2-5 /Lm diam compositum. Conidiophora macronematosa, monomematosa, non-rarnosa, plerumque erecta et recta, cylindrica, raro flexa, laevia, atrobrunnea, parietibus crassis, solitaria, despersa, usque ad 6 septata, 30-70 /Lm longax 5-6 /Lm crassa. Cellulae conidiogenae integratae, terminales, holoblasticae, singulae in quoque conidiophoro. Conidia usque ad 32 /Lm diam x 22-27 /Lm alta, acrogena, sicca, solitaria, umbraculiformia, loco basali centrali secedenti; corpus conidii ex 4-8 cellulis pallide brunneis, laevibus compositum, ad peripheriam omnibus cum turrnis cheiroideis, 17-22 psi: longisx 7-8 /Lm crassis affixis; turmae cheirodeae ex 1-4 cellulis superioribus, atro brunneis, leavibus, globosis, 5-8 /Lm diam, et 2-4 ramis pallide brunneis, 2-4 septatis, deorsum pendulis, 8-17 usi: longis x 2'5-3'5 /Lm crassis constantes. In foliis emortuis Banksiae oblongifoliae, Mt Peregian, Qd, Australia,12Nov. 1978,J. L. Alcorn,IMI 234264a, holotypus; B. sp., Brisbane, Qd, Australia, 10 May 1979, J. L. Alcorn, IMI 239531. Colonies sparse, widely effuse, hypophyllous, more frequently occurring on the left midrib or the leaf margin. Mycelium mostly superficial, composed of much-branched, septate, pale brown, irregularly anastomosing, smooth hyphae 2-5 Jlm diam. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, unbranched, mostly straight and erect, cylindrical, occasionally bent, but then due to previous injury, smooth, thick-walled, dark brown, scattered, solitary, up to 5 septate, 30-70 Jlm long x 5-6 Jlm wide. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, holoblastic, single on each conidiophore. Conidia up to 32 Jlm diam x 22-27 Jlm high, aerogenous, dry, solitary, umbrella-shaped, with a basal, central point of secession and the body of the conidium comprised of 4-8 pale brown, smooth, upper cells at the periphery of which each produces a cheiroid group of cells 17-22 Jlm long x 7-8 Jlm wide; the latter consist of 1-4 upper dark brown, smooth, more or less globose cells, 5-6/tm diam, and 2-4 downwardly directed, 2-4 septate, pale brown, smooth pendulous branches, 8-17 Jlm long x 2'5-3'5 Jlm wide. Detached conidia of this species could easily be confused not only with conidia of Cryptocoryneum condensatum and C. rilstonii (especially the latter
B. C. Sutton
397
c
A
] I OJ.llll
E
Fig. 13. Cryptocoryneopsis umbraculiformis. A, mature conidiophore and attached conidium; B, young conidium; C, D, cheiroid branches; E, mature conidium.
398
Cryptocoryneopsis umbraculiformis gen. et sp.nov.
because it has dark brown cap cells and lighter pendulous branches) but also with the branched conidia from genera such as Dictyosporium Cda (Ellis, 197 1; Damon 1952), Tretospeira Pirozynski (197 2) and Hughesinia Lindquist & Gamundi (197 0). In these genera, although the conidia may be formed in quite a different manner with ascending rather than pendulous branches, when they become detached there is little to indicate their previous orientation apart from the presence of a basal scar which mayor may not be truncate. None of these genera have conidia in wh ich the orientation of the peripheral cells and pendant branches is so carefully and regularly ordered as in Cryptocoryneopsis umbraculiformis.
r am greatly indebted to John L. Alcorn, Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, Qd, Australia for his continued help in providing collections of angiosperm litter for examination. It is also a pleasure to thank Mr D. W. Fry for his photographic expertise. REFERENCES
DAMON, S. C. (1952). Type studies in Dictyosporium, Speira and Cattanea. Lloydia 15, 110-124. ELLIS, M. B. (1971 ). Dematiaceous Hyphomy cetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew. ELLlS, M . B. (1972). Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. XI. MYCfJlogicalPapers 131, 1-25.
ELLIS, M. B. (1976). More Dematiaceous Hyphomy cetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew. HUGHES, S.] . (195 8). Revisiones h yphornycetum aliquot cum appendice de nominibus rejiciendis. Canadian Journal of B otany 36, 72 7- 836. LINDQUIST, ]. C. & GAMUNDI, I. J. (1970) . Hu ghesinia , nuevo genero de hifomicetes (D em atiacea). B oletin de la Sociedad A rgent ina de Botanica 13, 53-57. MATSUSHIMA, T. (1971). M icrofungi of th e S olomon I sland s and Papu a New Guinea. Kobe, Japan. MATSUSHlMA, T. (1975). leones microfungorum a Ma tsushima lectorum , Kobe, Japan. PIROZYNSKI, K. A. (19 62) . Circin otrichum and Gyrothrix. Mycological Papers 84, 1-28. PIROZYNSKI, K. A. (19 63). B eltrania and related genera. My cological P apers 90, 1-37. PIROZYNSKI, K. A. (1972). Microfungi of T anzania. 1. Miscellaneous fungi on oil palm. II. New hyphomycetes. M y cological Papers 129, 1-64. SUTTON, B. C. (1975). Eucalyptus microfungi : Satchmopsis gcn.nov., and new species of Coni ella, Con iothyrium and Harknessia. Nova Hedwigia 26, 11-16. SUTTON, B. C. (1978). New and interesting hyphomycetes from Tampa, Florida. Mycologia 70, 784801.
SUTTON, B. C. & HODGES, C. S. JR. (1975). Eucalyptus microfungi: two undescribed h yphornycete genera from Brazil. Nova Hedwigia 26, 527-533. SUTTON, B. C. & HODGES, C. S. JR. (19 76). Eucalyptus microfungi: MY CfJleptod iscus species and Pseudotra cylla gcn.nov. Nova H edwigia 28, 693-700 . SUTTON, B. C. & HODGES, C. S. JR. (1977). Eu calyptus microfungi. Miscellaneous hyphomyceres, Nova Hedwigia 28, 487-49 8.
(Receiv edfor publication 17
May 1979 )
Printed in Great Britain
CRYPTOCORYNEOPSIS UMBRACULIFORMIS GEN. ET SP.NOV. FROM AUSTRALIA By B. C. SUTTON Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew
A dematiaceous hyphomycete colonizing leaf litter of Banksia oblongifolia in Queensland, Australia is illustrated and described as Cryptocoryneopsis umbraculiformis gen. et sp.nov. The relationships to Cryptocoryneum Fckl are discussed. Notwithstanding the several excellent recent contributions to our knowledge of leaf litter microfungi, notably those by Pirozynski (1962, 1963) and Matsushima (1971, 1975), the indications are that there still remain many taxa to be formally described from this type of habitat. Certain common species are now known to colonize and sporulate on a wide variety of plant substrates with seemingly few geographic limitations (Sutton, 1978). These are invariably found in the leaf litter of hosts that previously had not been examined in this context. In addition to such species it is by no means uncommon to find, on such hosts, microfungi which by their often bizarre peculiarities, are immediately recognized as distinct genera, e.g. Satchmopsis (Sutton, 1975), Pappimyces and Umbellidion (Sutton & Hodges, 1975), Pseudotracylla (Sutton & Hodges, 1976), Zopheromyces (Sutton & Hodges, 1977), and Flosculomyces (Sutton, 1978). The fungus described here as Cryptocoryneopsis umbraculiformis falls in this category. It was found mixed with Tetraploa aristata Berk. & Br., Dictyosporium elegans Cda, and other, as yet unnamed species, on decaying leaves of Banksia oblongifolia, a substrate which to my knowledge, had not previously been examined for leaf litter microfungi. Cryptocoryneopsis gen.nov. (etym. Cryptocoryneum et-opsis (L, suff.) like)
Coloniae sparsae, late effusae, Mycelium plerumque superficiale, ex hyphis ramosis, septatis, paIlide brunneis, anastomosantibus,laevibuscompositum.Conidiophora macronematosa, mononematosa, non ramosa, recta, laevia, septata, atrobrunnea. Cellulae conidiogenae integratae, terminales, holoblasticae, singulae in quoque conidiophoro. Conidia acrogena, sicca, solitaria, umbraculiformia, loco centrali basali secedenti; corpus conidii ex ceIIulis paIlidebrunneis compositum, ad peripheriam omnibus cum ceIIuIis cheiroideis affixis; turmae cheiroideae ex 1-4 ceIIulis superioribus, atro brunneis, globosis et 2-4 ramis pallide brunneis, 2-4 septatis, deorsum pendulis constantes. Species typica: C. umbraculiformis Sutton.
Colonies sparse, widely effuse. Mycelium mostly superficial, composed of branched, septate, pale brown, anastomosing, smooth hyphae. Conidiaphores macronematous, mononematous, unbranched, straight, smooth, septate, dark brown, thick-walled. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, holoblastic, single on each conidiophore. Conidia aerogenous, dry, solitary, umbrellashaped, with a basal central point of secession and the body of the conidium comprised of 4-8 pale brown cells at the periphery of which each produces a cheiroid group of cells; the latter consist of 1-4 upper dark brown more or less globose cells and 2-4 downwardly directed, 2-4 septate pale brown pendulous branches. Of the several hundred genera of Hyphomycetes described in the literature there is only one which bears really close relationship to Cryptocoryneopsis, and that is Cryptocoryneum Fckl. It consists of sporodochial, pulvinate conidiomata and slender macronematous, mononematous conidiophores. Conidia arise in a solitary manner from the apex of the conidiophore and consist of a small number of swollen brown cap cells from which septate, subhyaline or pale brown arms grow down towards the substrate. The conidiophores are often obscured by these pendant conidial branches. The synonymy for the type species, C. condensatum (Wallr.) Mason & Hughes, has been given by Hughes (1958) and an illustration and description was provided by Ellis (1971). The only other species confirmed as correctly belonging in the genus is C. rilstonii M. B. Ellis (1972, 1976). Most of the described taxa in Cryptocoryneum have already been moved to other genera by various authors. Cryptocoryneopsis resembles Cryptocoryneum in having composite conidia comprised of apical, central cap-cells (Ellis, 1971) and downwardly directed paler branches. Another point of similarity is conidiogenesis, which in both genera is simple and holoblastic, each conidiophore producing a single conidium. Here the resemblance
0007-1536/80/2828-6130 $01.00 © 1980 The British Mycological Society
394
Cryptocoryneopsis umbraculiformis gen. et sp.nov.
Figs 1-6. Cryptocoryneopsis umbraculiformis (x 650).1, Immature developing conidium; conidia; 3, cheiroid conidial arms displaced in mounting.
2,
4-6, mature
B. C. Sutton
Figs 7-'12. Cryptocoryneopsis umbraculiformis, scanning electron micrographs of attached conidia. 7, Very young developing conidium (x 3500); 8, conidium at a similar stage showing the smoother branches and roughened cap (x 3250); 9, 10, viewed from the above to show the regular pattern of branching (x 2000); 11, mature conidium viewed from the side, showing pendant conidial branches (x 2750); 12, young attached conidium viewed from below (x 2750).
395
396
Cryptocoryneopsis umbraculiformis gen. et sp.noo.
ends inasmuch as a detailed comparison shows the genera to be quite distinct in a number of features. Whereas apparently similar conidia are formed in both Cryptocoryneum and Cryptocoryneopsis, the conidiophores are in fact very different. In Cryptocoryneopsis (Fig. 1-3, 13A) a thick-walled dark brown, rigid, erect conidiophore bears the developing conidium 30-70 Jlm above the substrate (the conidium itself is only up to 32 Jlm high) but in Cryptocoryneum the ends of the pendulous conidial branches are almost in contact with the substrate. This means that the conidiophores are approximately the same length as the conidia (up to 80 Jlm in C. condensatum ; and 40 Jlm in C. rilstonii). Furthermore in both Cryptocoryneum species conidiophores are thin-walled, hyaline to pale brown, and flexuous. Thus the appearance of Cryptocoryneopsis is that of a typical dematiaceous hyphomycete, the conidium formed well above the level of the substrate, but Cryptocoryneum is more like a sporodochial hyphomycete where conidia are clustered on the surface of the substrate. The resemblance in conidial morphology between Cryptocoryneum and Cryptocoryneopsis is only superficial. In Cryptocoryneum the pendulous branches are formed irregularly from the superficial cap cells, and in C. condensatum they are occasionally branched. In Cryptocoryneopsis however, the development of pendulous branches and their final relationship to the cap cells are the end results of a much more precise developmental process. The central cap cells divide to form 4-8 pale brown cells that comprise the main body of the conidium (Figs 7-9). Each of these divides dichotomously and differentiates one or more peripheral downwardly directed cells which become thick-walled and dark brown (Fig. 10). It is from such deeply pigmented cells that the downwardly directed pendulous branches originate (Figs 11, 12). When this multicellular, highly complex conidium is mounted base down on a slide preparation and gently squashed, it is seen that the deeply pigmented cells and the branches are individual cheiroid groups of cells regularly inserted around the periphery of the main conidial body. These can become detached by mechanical pressure (Fig. 3), and indeed isolated cheiroid groups have been found germinating to form superficial mycelium on the host substrate. This, however, is not regarded as typical. The conidium seems more frequently to become detached as a single complex unit (Figs 4, 5, 13E). Examination of air-dried specimens by scanning electron microscopy (181-60) has shown the peripheral and downwardly directed branches to be comparatively smooth (Figs 8, 10, 11), whereas
the central cells forming the main body of the conidium are ornamented in an irregular manner (Figs 7-11). These remnants of primary wall material remain attached to the upper surface of these cells as the conidia mature.
Cryptocoryneopsis umbraculiformis sp.nov, (Fig. 13) (etym. umbraculum (L) et forma (L) umbrella-shaped) Coloniae sparsae, late effusae, hypophyllae. Mycelium plerumque superficiale, ex hyphis ramosis, septatis, pallide brunneis irregulariter anastomosantibus, laevibus, 2-5 /Lm diam compositum. Conidiophora macronematosa, monomematosa, non-rarnosa, plerumque erecta et recta, cylindrica, raro flexa, laevia, atrobrunnea, parietibus crassis, solitaria, despersa, usque ad 6 septata, 30-70 /Lm longax 5-6 /Lm crassa. Cellulae conidiogenae integratae, terminales, holoblasticae, singulae in quoque conidiophoro. Conidia usque ad 32 /Lm diam x 22-27 /Lm alta, acrogena, sicca, solitaria, umbraculiformia, loco basali centrali secedenti; corpus conidii ex 4-8 cellulis pallide brunneis, laevibus compositum, ad peripheriam omnibus cum turrnis cheiroideis, 17-22 psi: longisx 7-8 /Lm crassis affixis; turmae cheirodeae ex 1-4 cellulis superioribus, atro brunneis, leavibus, globosis, 5-8 /Lm diam, et 2-4 ramis pallide brunneis, 2-4 septatis, deorsum pendulis, 8-17 usi: longis x 2'5-3'5 /Lm crassis constantes. In foliis emortuis Banksiae oblongifoliae, Mt Peregian, Qd, Australia,12Nov. 1978,J. L. Alcorn,IMI 234264a, holotypus; B. sp., Brisbane, Qd, Australia, 10 May 1979, J. L. Alcorn, IMI 239531. Colonies sparse, widely effuse, hypophyllous, more frequently occurring on the left midrib or the leaf margin. Mycelium mostly superficial, composed of much-branched, septate, pale brown, irregularly anastomosing, smooth hyphae 2-5 Jlm diam. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, unbranched, mostly straight and erect, cylindrical, occasionally bent, but then due to previous injury, smooth, thick-walled, dark brown, scattered, solitary, up to 5 septate, 30-70 Jlm long x 5-6 Jlm wide. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, holoblastic, single on each conidiophore. Conidia up to 32 Jlm diam x 22-27 Jlm high, aerogenous, dry, solitary, umbrella-shaped, with a basal, central point of secession and the body of the conidium comprised of 4-8 pale brown, smooth, upper cells at the periphery of which each produces a cheiroid group of cells 17-22 Jlm long x 7-8 Jlm wide; the latter consist of 1-4 upper dark brown, smooth, more or less globose cells, 5-6/tm diam, and 2-4 downwardly directed, 2-4 septate, pale brown, smooth pendulous branches, 8-17 Jlm long x 2'5-3'5 Jlm wide. Detached conidia of this species could easily be confused not only with conidia of Cryptocoryneum condensatum and C. rilstonii (especially the latter
B. C. Sutton
397
c
A
] I OJ.llll
E
Fig. 13. Cryptocoryneopsis umbraculiformis. A, mature conidiophore and attached conidium; B, young conidium; C, D, cheiroid branches; E, mature conidium.
398
Cryptocoryneopsis umbraculiformis gen. et sp.nov.
because it has dark brown cap cells and lighter pendulous branches) but also with the branched conidia from genera such as Dictyosporium Cda (Ellis, 197 1; Damon 1952), Tretospeira Pirozynski (197 2) and Hughesinia Lindquist & Gamundi (197 0). In these genera, although the conidia may be formed in quite a different manner with ascending rather than pendulous branches, when they become detached there is little to indicate their previous orientation apart from the presence of a basal scar which mayor may not be truncate. None of these genera have conidia in wh ich the orientation of the peripheral cells and pendant branches is so carefully and regularly ordered as in Cryptocoryneopsis umbraculiformis.
r am greatly indebted to John L. Alcorn, Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, Qd, Australia for his continued help in providing collections of angiosperm litter for examination. It is also a pleasure to thank Mr D. W. Fry for his photographic expertise. REFERENCES
DAMON, S. C. (1952). Type studies in Dictyosporium, Speira and Cattanea. Lloydia 15, 110-124. ELLIS, M. B. (1971 ). Dematiaceous Hyphomy cetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew. ELLlS, M . B. (1972). Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. XI. MYCfJlogicalPapers 131, 1-25.
ELLIS, M. B. (1976). More Dematiaceous Hyphomy cetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew. HUGHES, S.] . (195 8). Revisiones h yphornycetum aliquot cum appendice de nominibus rejiciendis. Canadian Journal of B otany 36, 72 7- 836. LINDQUIST, ]. C. & GAMUNDI, I. J. (1970) . Hu ghesinia , nuevo genero de hifomicetes (D em atiacea). B oletin de la Sociedad A rgent ina de Botanica 13, 53-57. MATSUSHIMA, T. (1971). M icrofungi of th e S olomon I sland s and Papu a New Guinea. Kobe, Japan. MATSUSHlMA, T. (1975). leones microfungorum a Ma tsushima lectorum , Kobe, Japan. PIROZYNSKI, K. A. (19 62) . Circin otrichum and Gyrothrix. Mycological Papers 84, 1-28. PIROZYNSKI, K. A. (19 63). B eltrania and related genera. My cological P apers 90, 1-37. PIROZYNSKI, K. A. (1972). Microfungi of T anzania. 1. Miscellaneous fungi on oil palm. II. New hyphomycetes. M y cological Papers 129, 1-64. SUTTON, B. C. (1975). Eucalyptus microfungi : Satchmopsis gcn.nov., and new species of Coni ella, Con iothyrium and Harknessia. Nova Hedwigia 26, 11-16. SUTTON, B. C. (1978). New and interesting hyphomycetes from Tampa, Florida. Mycologia 70, 784801.
SUTTON, B. C. & HODGES, C. S. JR. (1975). Eucalyptus microfungi: two undescribed h yphornycete genera from Brazil. Nova Hedwigia 26, 527-533. SUTTON, B. C. & HODGES, C. S. JR. (19 76). Eucalyptus microfungi: MY CfJleptod iscus species and Pseudotra cylla gcn.nov. Nova H edwigia 28, 693-700 . SUTTON, B. C. & HODGES, C. S. JR. (1977). Eu calyptus microfungi. Miscellaneous hyphomyceres, Nova Hedwigia 28, 487-49 8.
(Receiv edfor publication 17
May 1979 )