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High Protein Peanut Oil Meal with Fish Meal-Fish Solubles Blend in Broiler Diets1,2
ZINC REQUIREMENT FOR CHICKS
ciency observed in the 21-day old chicks are described and illustrated. REFERENCES Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, 1955. Official Methods of Analysis. Washington, D.C. p. 843. Edwards, H. M., R. J. Young and M. B. Gillis, 1958. Studies on zinc in poultry nutrition. 1. The effect of feed, water and environment on zinc deficiency in chicks. Poultry Sci. 37: 1094-1099. Norris, L. C , 1957. Private communication.
1107
O'Dell, B. L., and J. E. Savage, 1957. Potassium, zinc and distillers dried solubles as supplements to a purified diet. Poultry Sci. 36: 459-460. Sandell, E. B., 1950. Colorimetric Determination of Traces of Metal, 2nd Ed., Interscience Publishers, N.Y. Vol. 3, pp. 616-637. Wolbach, S. B., and D. M. Hegsted, 1952. Endochondral bone growth in the chick, A.M.A. Arch. Path. 54: 1-12. Wolbach, S. B., and D. M. Hegsted, 1953. Perosis, epiphyseal cartilage in choline and manganese deficiencies in the chick. A.M.A. Arch. Path. 56: 437-453.
J. CLYDE DRIGGERS 3 AND FRED R. TARVER, J R . Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Gainesville, Florida (Received for publication February 17, 1958)
I
N GENERAL, attempts to utilize peanut oil meal as a source of vegetable protein for growing chicks have met with favorable results when the rations have been adequately fortified with methionine, lysine, calcium and phosphorus. In much of the experimental work conducted, a 41 percent protein peanut oil meal has been used in diets high in animal protein, relatively low in energy and fed to birds with a relatively slow rate of growth. Bryant (1931) concluded that peanut oil meal, when supplemented with minerals, can replace 50 percent of the meat scrap in a ration without affecting the
1 Published with the permission of the Director of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series, No. 730. 2 This project supported in part by New Jersey Menhaden Products, Inc., Wildwood, N.J. 3 Present address: Poultry Division, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
growth of chicks and can replace 75 percent without materially affecting growth. As much as 15 percent of peanut oil meal may replace an equal weight of soybean oil meal in diets used by Hammond (1944). Marvel et al. (1945) concluded that peanut oil meal could replace soybean oil meal when 10 percent of distiller's dried solubles was included in the diet, although the weights of birds were lower than those fed diets containing meat and bone scraps and dried skim milk. Heuser et al. (1946) reported that peanut oil meal could replace one-half of the soybean oil meal with little difference in results. In a series of experiments using diets well fortified with meat scrap and fish meal, Altschul et al. (1948) found that peanut oil meal could replace soybean oil meal entirely with satisfactory results. Blaylock et al. (1950) concluded that peanut oil meal was a satisfactory source of protein for the growth of chicks to 6 weeks of age, when it was supplemented
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of North Dakota on June 2, 2015
High Protein Peanut Oil Meal with Fish Meal-Fish Solubles Blend in Broiler Diets1,2
1108
J. C. DRIGGERS AND F. R. TARVER, J R .
with an APF concentrate and with at least 0.3 percent of DL-methionine and 0.2 per cent L-lysine. This study includes a series of six feeding trials using a 55 percent protein peanut oil meal in a corn-soybean oil meal type ration fortified with DL-methionine, L-lysine, and fish meal with condensed fish solubles and fed to broiler chicks. PROCEDURE
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In Table 2 are found the average body weights and feed conversions for all experiments. Results in trial 1 show that peanut oil meal cannot replace the soybean meal in a corn-soy diet, whether supplemented with methionine or not. These results indicate that when as much as 3 percent of dried whey and Menhaden fish meal are used in a diet, and supplemental methionine is added, high protein peanut oil meal can replace one-half the soybean oil meal with satisfactory results. In trial 2, with heavy vitamin and mineral fortification together with fish meal and whey at the 3 percent level and a fermentation soluble at 4 percent replacing soybean with peanut oil meal resulted in slightly less weight gains, but these differences were insignificant. When a part of the vitamin supplementation and the dried whey were eliminated, but L-lysine was added at the 0.4 percent level, growth with peanut oil meal was nearly equal to that of the control diet. Results equal to the controls were obtained in trial 3 by replacing dried whey with fermentation solubles and adding Llysine at the 0.2 percent level where one-
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of North Dakota on June 2, 2015
Feeding trials 1 through 5 were conducted in combination brooding and growing batteries. Three hundred straight-run broiler chicks were used in each trial and grouped into 6 duplicated pens of 25 chicks each. Individual weekly body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion (units of feed per unit of body weight) and mortality records were kept. Results were based on male-female averages. Trial 6 was conducted on the floor in a commercial type broiler house with 3,000 straight-run chicks divided into 6 lots of 500 chicks each. Trials 1, 3 and 6 were terminated at 9 weeks while 2, 4 and 5 were stopped at 8 weeks. Representative samples of the birds in all lots of trial 6 were taken and studied for processing yields, fleshing, pigmentation and fat scores (Tarver and Driggers, 1958). The basal premix for all trials was as follows: yellow corn meal, 52 lbs.; alfalfa leaf meal (17% protein), 3 lbs.; steamed bone meal, 1.5 lbs.; oyster shell flour, 1.5 lbs.; salt, 0.5 lbs.; vitamin D 3 concentrate (10,000 I.C.U. per gram), 9 gms. (except in trial 2); vitamin A concentrate (20,000 I.U. per gram), 14 gms. (except in trial 2); vitamin premix (2 gms. riboflavin, 4 gms. pantothenic acid, 9 gms. niacin, and 90 gms. choline chloride per lb.), 114 gms. (except in trial 2); manganese sulfate, 5.7 gms. (except in trial 2); chlortetracycline supplement (3.6 gms. per lb.), 57 gms.; and methionine, 23 gms. (except in trial 1).
The complete experimental diets for each of the trials are shown in Table 1. No changes were made in the diets throughout the experiments. The peanut oil meal used in these trials was prepared by cooking and prepressing the shelled peanuts, removing approximately 800 pounds of oil per ton of kernels. The cake was then flaked and oil extracted with hexane. Nothing was added to the solvent extracted pulverized flakes except fat as required to meet the minimum guarantee. The finished peanut meal had the following approximate percentage composition: moisture, 8.1; ether extract, 1.9; and protein, 56.3.
1109
PEANUT OIL MEAL IN BROILER DIETS
TABLE 1.—Experimental diets using high-protein peanut oil meed Lot
Experi ment 1
2
4
Units 1
2
3
4
5
6
59 3 3 35
59 3 3 17* 17i
59 3 3 17* 17J 23
59 3 3
59 3 3
35
35 23
58.5
58.5
58.5
58.5
58.5
35
35
35
35
35
Basal premix Menhaden fish meal (60% protein) Dried whole whey Soybean oil meal (44% protein) Peanut oil meal (55% protein) Methionine
lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. gms.
59 3 3 35
Basal premix Soybean oil meal (44% protein) Peanut oil meal (55% protein) Lysine Menhaden fish meal (60% protein) Dried whole whey Vit. D cone. (10,000 I.C.U./gm.) Vit. A cone. (20,000 I.C.U./gm.) Vitamin premix* Manganese sulphate Vitamin-mineral mixf Fermentation solubles J Fish solubles blend §
lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. gms. gms. gms. gms. lbs. lbs. lbs.
58.5 35
Basal premix Soybean oil meal (44% protein) Soybean oil meal (local 4 1 % protein) Peanut oil meal (55% protein) Menhaden fish meal (60% protein) Dried whole whey Fermentation solubles % Lysine
lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs.
59 35
Basal premix Soybean oil meal (44% protein) Peanut oil meal (55% protein) Menhaden fish meal (60% protein) Fish meal blend (Hi-Seas) || Fermentation solubles %
lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs.
59 35
5
Same as 4
6
Same as 4
23
.4
.4 3 3 9 14 114 5.7
3 3 9 14 114 5.7
59
3 3 9 14 114 5.7 1 4
3
1 4
1 4 3
59
59 17.5
59
3
35 3
17.5 3
35 3
3
3
3
3
3 3 9 14 114 5.7
59 35
35 3 3
3 3
.2
3
35 3
59 17.5 17.5 3
3
3
3
59
59 35 3 3
59
.4
35
59 17.5 17.5
3 3
3 3
* Vitamin premix, per lb.: 2 gms. riboflavin, 4 gms. pantothenic acid, 9 gms. niacin, 90 gms. choline chloride. t Dawe's Cloverdale 628. t Dawe's FS-100. § Dawe's Product. (I Fish meal (60% protein) 60%, condensed fish solubles (30% protein) 40%.
half the soybean oil meal was replaced with peanut oil meal and at the 0.4 percent level where the substitution was complete. Slightly better results were obtained with fermentation solubles than with dried whey in the control diet. Trials 4, 5 and 6 demonstrate that comparative results can be obtained by replacing one-half of the soybean oil meal with peanut oil meal, when fish meal and
condensed fish solubles are added, as with the control diet containing soybean oil meal and Menhaden fish meal. In each of the last three trials when peanut oil meal replaced one-half the soybean oil meal, body weights were higher where the fish meal with fish solubles blend was used than where the Menhaden fish meal was used. This suggests the possiblity of a synergistic effect between the condensed
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of North Dakota on June 2, 2015
3
Ingredients
1110
J. C. DRIGGERS AND F. R. TARVER, J R . TABLE 2.—Body weig ' and feed conversion of broilers fed high protein peanut oil meal diets with various supplements
Trial
1
Treatment
Battery 9 weeks
Description
Lot
Body weight (gms.)
Feed consumption (gms. per gram of body weight)
1 2 3 4 5 6
Control (no methionine added) Control+methionine POM vice i SOM POM vice \ SOM+methionine POM vice all SOM POM vice all SOM+methionine
1,321 1,341 1,306 1,325 1,193 1,210
.49 ,44 .43 .38 ,35
.37
Battery 8 weeks
1 2 3 4 5 6
Control POM vice SOM POM vice SOM+0.4% lysine POM vice SOM+VM Mix+FS POM vice SOM+VM Mix+FS+lysine POM vice SOM+VM Mix+FS+fish sol. blend*
1,047 877 958 1,017 1,033 991
2.29 2.06 1.81 2.23 2.16 2.23
3
Battery 9 weeks
1 2 3 4 5 6
Control Local soybean oil meal (41% protein) FS vice dried whey P O M + F S vice dried whey POM vice i S O M + F S vice dried whey+.2% lysine POM vice SOM+FS vice dried whey+.4% lysine
1,482 1,475 1,523 1,451 1,518 1,488
2.57 2.60 2.54 2.58 2.54 2.54
4
Battery 8 weeks
1 2 3 4 5 6
Control POM vice SOM POM vice i SOM Fish blend f vice Menhaden fish meal POM with fish blend| vice Menhaden fish meal POM vice § SOM with fish blendf
1,247 1,116 1,241 1,239 1,218 1,248
2.31 2.44 2.31 2.34 2.29 2.29
S
Battery 8 weeks
Same Same Same Same Same Same
as as as as as as
trial trial trial trial trial trial
4 4 4 4 4 4
1,175 1,136 1,160 1,180 1,110 1,201
2.21 2.17 2.20 2.25 2.15 2.21
6
Floor 9 weeks
Same as Same as Same as Same as Same as Same as
trial trial trial trial trial trial
4 4 4 4 4 4
1,305 1,193 1,262 1,337 1,187 1,305
76 77 74 77 73 77
POM Peanut oil meal (55% protein). SOM Soybean oil meal (44% protein). VM Mix Vitamin-mineral mix (Dawe's Cloverdale 628). FS Fermentation solubles (Dawe's FS-100). * Fish solubles blend (Dawe's product). t Fish meal-condensed fish solubles blend, 60-40, (New Jersey Menhaden Products, Inc. Hi-Seas fish meal).
fish solubles and the peanut oil meal, as well as the higher vitamin content and perhaps more uniform protein quality. Lysine and methionine appear to be the limiting factors in the large scale use of
peanut oil meal in poultry diets. Fish meal with condensed fish solubles added appears to be a good practical supplementary source of lysine. With methionine as economical as it is, the combined supple-
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of North Dakota on June 2, 2015
2
PEANUT OIL MEAL IN BROILER DIETS
mentation allows for use of high protein peanut oil meal up to one-half the replacement for soybean oil meal in a typical corn-soy diet for starting and growing chicks. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Acknowledgement is made to the Greenwood Products Corporation of Graceville, Florida, for supplying the 55 percent protein peanut oil meal used in this experi-
ment. Also, E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Inc., Wilmington, Delware, supplied the L-lysine monohydrochloride and Dawe's Laboratories, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, supplied the vitamin mixes, fermentation solubles and the fish meal blend used in experiment 2. REFERENCES Altschul, A. M., G. W. Irving, Jr., W. F. Guilhern and H. C. Schaefer, 1948. The nutritive value of peanut cake meal, protein and nonprotein residue for chicks. Poultry Sci. 27: 402-407. Blaylock, L. G., and L. R. Richardson, 1950. Peanut meal, mixtures of soybean and cottonseed and mixtures of soybean and peanut meals as sources of protein for baby chicks. Poultry Sci. 29: 656660. Bryant, R. L., 1931. The use of peanut meal as a source of protein in starting mashes for chicks. Virginia Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 281. Hammond, J. C , 1944. Partial substitutes for soybean meal. Poultry Sci. 23: 78. Heuser, G. F., L. C. Norris and J. McGinnis, 1946. Vegetable protein concentrates fed alone and in combination with soybean oil meal and fish meal as the chief supplementary protein in chick starting rations. Poultry Sci. 25: 130-136. Marvel, J. A., C. W. Carrick, R. E. Roberts and S. M. Hague, 1945. Distiller's dried solubles in chick rations containing corn and vegetable protein supplements. Poultry Sci. 24: 252-258. Tarver, F. R., Jr., and J. C. Driggers, 1958. The use of peanut oil meal and fish meal-fish solubles blend in diets of broilers. 2. The effect upon processing yields, fleshing, pigmentation and fat scores. Poultry Sci. 37: 1112-1116.
NEWS AND NOTES (Continued from page 1099)
BACK ISSUES Wanted G. J. Cottier, Department of Poultry Husbandry, Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn, Alabama. Vol. 1, No. 1, 4 and 6; Vol. 2, No. 3 and 6, Vol. 3, No. 1, S and 6; Vol. 4, No. 1; Vol. 6, No. 1, 2 and 3; Vol. 7, No. 4. Available The Editor, Poultry Science, Department of Nutrition, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ont.,
Canada. Vol. 19, No. 5 and 6; Vol. 21, No. 1; Vol. 25, No. 4; Vol. 28, No. 1 and 4. ERRATUM On page 498, in the May issue of Poultry Science, fourteenth line from the bottom of the page, the statement in the paper entitled "A Survey of Recent Advances in Poultry Physiology," should read: "Immediately before oviposition . . . . " not "Immediately following oviposition . . . . "
(Continued on page 1123)
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of North Dakota on June 2, 2015
A 55 percent protein peanut oil meal was used to replace one-half and all of the soybean oil meal in a corn-soy diet for chicks. When 0.4 percent L-lysine was added to the diet which was adequate otherwise, particularly in methionine, the peanut oil meal replaced the soybean oil meal with fairly satisfactory results. When fish meal with condensed fish solubles was added to the diet where high protein peanut oil meal was used to replace one-half the soybean oil meal, the results were satisfactory. When the fish meal with condensed fish solubles was present in the diet at a level of 3 percent, fermentation solubles appeared to be a satisfactory replacement for dried whole whey.
1111
ciency observed in the 21-day old chicks are described and illustrated. REFERENCES Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, 1955. Official Methods of Analysis. Washington, D.C. p. 843. Edwards, H. M., R. J. Young and M. B. Gillis, 1958. Studies on zinc in poultry nutrition. 1. The effect of feed, water and environment on zinc deficiency in chicks. Poultry Sci. 37: 1094-1099. Norris, L. C , 1957. Private communication.
1107
O'Dell, B. L., and J. E. Savage, 1957. Potassium, zinc and distillers dried solubles as supplements to a purified diet. Poultry Sci. 36: 459-460. Sandell, E. B., 1950. Colorimetric Determination of Traces of Metal, 2nd Ed., Interscience Publishers, N.Y. Vol. 3, pp. 616-637. Wolbach, S. B., and D. M. Hegsted, 1952. Endochondral bone growth in the chick, A.M.A. Arch. Path. 54: 1-12. Wolbach, S. B., and D. M. Hegsted, 1953. Perosis, epiphyseal cartilage in choline and manganese deficiencies in the chick. A.M.A. Arch. Path. 56: 437-453.
J. CLYDE DRIGGERS 3 AND FRED R. TARVER, J R . Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Gainesville, Florida (Received for publication February 17, 1958)
I
N GENERAL, attempts to utilize peanut oil meal as a source of vegetable protein for growing chicks have met with favorable results when the rations have been adequately fortified with methionine, lysine, calcium and phosphorus. In much of the experimental work conducted, a 41 percent protein peanut oil meal has been used in diets high in animal protein, relatively low in energy and fed to birds with a relatively slow rate of growth. Bryant (1931) concluded that peanut oil meal, when supplemented with minerals, can replace 50 percent of the meat scrap in a ration without affecting the
1 Published with the permission of the Director of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series, No. 730. 2 This project supported in part by New Jersey Menhaden Products, Inc., Wildwood, N.J. 3 Present address: Poultry Division, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
growth of chicks and can replace 75 percent without materially affecting growth. As much as 15 percent of peanut oil meal may replace an equal weight of soybean oil meal in diets used by Hammond (1944). Marvel et al. (1945) concluded that peanut oil meal could replace soybean oil meal when 10 percent of distiller's dried solubles was included in the diet, although the weights of birds were lower than those fed diets containing meat and bone scraps and dried skim milk. Heuser et al. (1946) reported that peanut oil meal could replace one-half of the soybean oil meal with little difference in results. In a series of experiments using diets well fortified with meat scrap and fish meal, Altschul et al. (1948) found that peanut oil meal could replace soybean oil meal entirely with satisfactory results. Blaylock et al. (1950) concluded that peanut oil meal was a satisfactory source of protein for the growth of chicks to 6 weeks of age, when it was supplemented
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of North Dakota on June 2, 2015
High Protein Peanut Oil Meal with Fish Meal-Fish Solubles Blend in Broiler Diets1,2
1108
J. C. DRIGGERS AND F. R. TARVER, J R .
with an APF concentrate and with at least 0.3 percent of DL-methionine and 0.2 per cent L-lysine. This study includes a series of six feeding trials using a 55 percent protein peanut oil meal in a corn-soybean oil meal type ration fortified with DL-methionine, L-lysine, and fish meal with condensed fish solubles and fed to broiler chicks. PROCEDURE
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In Table 2 are found the average body weights and feed conversions for all experiments. Results in trial 1 show that peanut oil meal cannot replace the soybean meal in a corn-soy diet, whether supplemented with methionine or not. These results indicate that when as much as 3 percent of dried whey and Menhaden fish meal are used in a diet, and supplemental methionine is added, high protein peanut oil meal can replace one-half the soybean oil meal with satisfactory results. In trial 2, with heavy vitamin and mineral fortification together with fish meal and whey at the 3 percent level and a fermentation soluble at 4 percent replacing soybean with peanut oil meal resulted in slightly less weight gains, but these differences were insignificant. When a part of the vitamin supplementation and the dried whey were eliminated, but L-lysine was added at the 0.4 percent level, growth with peanut oil meal was nearly equal to that of the control diet. Results equal to the controls were obtained in trial 3 by replacing dried whey with fermentation solubles and adding Llysine at the 0.2 percent level where one-
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of North Dakota on June 2, 2015
Feeding trials 1 through 5 were conducted in combination brooding and growing batteries. Three hundred straight-run broiler chicks were used in each trial and grouped into 6 duplicated pens of 25 chicks each. Individual weekly body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion (units of feed per unit of body weight) and mortality records were kept. Results were based on male-female averages. Trial 6 was conducted on the floor in a commercial type broiler house with 3,000 straight-run chicks divided into 6 lots of 500 chicks each. Trials 1, 3 and 6 were terminated at 9 weeks while 2, 4 and 5 were stopped at 8 weeks. Representative samples of the birds in all lots of trial 6 were taken and studied for processing yields, fleshing, pigmentation and fat scores (Tarver and Driggers, 1958). The basal premix for all trials was as follows: yellow corn meal, 52 lbs.; alfalfa leaf meal (17% protein), 3 lbs.; steamed bone meal, 1.5 lbs.; oyster shell flour, 1.5 lbs.; salt, 0.5 lbs.; vitamin D 3 concentrate (10,000 I.C.U. per gram), 9 gms. (except in trial 2); vitamin A concentrate (20,000 I.U. per gram), 14 gms. (except in trial 2); vitamin premix (2 gms. riboflavin, 4 gms. pantothenic acid, 9 gms. niacin, and 90 gms. choline chloride per lb.), 114 gms. (except in trial 2); manganese sulfate, 5.7 gms. (except in trial 2); chlortetracycline supplement (3.6 gms. per lb.), 57 gms.; and methionine, 23 gms. (except in trial 1).
The complete experimental diets for each of the trials are shown in Table 1. No changes were made in the diets throughout the experiments. The peanut oil meal used in these trials was prepared by cooking and prepressing the shelled peanuts, removing approximately 800 pounds of oil per ton of kernels. The cake was then flaked and oil extracted with hexane. Nothing was added to the solvent extracted pulverized flakes except fat as required to meet the minimum guarantee. The finished peanut meal had the following approximate percentage composition: moisture, 8.1; ether extract, 1.9; and protein, 56.3.
1109
PEANUT OIL MEAL IN BROILER DIETS
TABLE 1.—Experimental diets using high-protein peanut oil meed Lot
Experi ment 1
2
4
Units 1
2
3
4
5
6
59 3 3 35
59 3 3 17* 17i
59 3 3 17* 17J 23
59 3 3
59 3 3
35
35 23
58.5
58.5
58.5
58.5
58.5
35
35
35
35
35
Basal premix Menhaden fish meal (60% protein) Dried whole whey Soybean oil meal (44% protein) Peanut oil meal (55% protein) Methionine
lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. gms.
59 3 3 35
Basal premix Soybean oil meal (44% protein) Peanut oil meal (55% protein) Lysine Menhaden fish meal (60% protein) Dried whole whey Vit. D cone. (10,000 I.C.U./gm.) Vit. A cone. (20,000 I.C.U./gm.) Vitamin premix* Manganese sulphate Vitamin-mineral mixf Fermentation solubles J Fish solubles blend §
lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. gms. gms. gms. gms. lbs. lbs. lbs.
58.5 35
Basal premix Soybean oil meal (44% protein) Soybean oil meal (local 4 1 % protein) Peanut oil meal (55% protein) Menhaden fish meal (60% protein) Dried whole whey Fermentation solubles % Lysine
lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs.
59 35
Basal premix Soybean oil meal (44% protein) Peanut oil meal (55% protein) Menhaden fish meal (60% protein) Fish meal blend (Hi-Seas) || Fermentation solubles %
lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs.
59 35
5
Same as 4
6
Same as 4
23
.4
.4 3 3 9 14 114 5.7
3 3 9 14 114 5.7
59
3 3 9 14 114 5.7 1 4
3
1 4
1 4 3
59
59 17.5
59
3
35 3
17.5 3
35 3
3
3
3
3
3 3 9 14 114 5.7
59 35
35 3 3
3 3
.2
3
35 3
59 17.5 17.5 3
3
3
3
59
59 35 3 3
59
.4
35
59 17.5 17.5
3 3
3 3
* Vitamin premix, per lb.: 2 gms. riboflavin, 4 gms. pantothenic acid, 9 gms. niacin, 90 gms. choline chloride. t Dawe's Cloverdale 628. t Dawe's FS-100. § Dawe's Product. (I Fish meal (60% protein) 60%, condensed fish solubles (30% protein) 40%.
half the soybean oil meal was replaced with peanut oil meal and at the 0.4 percent level where the substitution was complete. Slightly better results were obtained with fermentation solubles than with dried whey in the control diet. Trials 4, 5 and 6 demonstrate that comparative results can be obtained by replacing one-half of the soybean oil meal with peanut oil meal, when fish meal and
condensed fish solubles are added, as with the control diet containing soybean oil meal and Menhaden fish meal. In each of the last three trials when peanut oil meal replaced one-half the soybean oil meal, body weights were higher where the fish meal with fish solubles blend was used than where the Menhaden fish meal was used. This suggests the possiblity of a synergistic effect between the condensed
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of North Dakota on June 2, 2015
3
Ingredients
1110
J. C. DRIGGERS AND F. R. TARVER, J R . TABLE 2.—Body weig ' and feed conversion of broilers fed high protein peanut oil meal diets with various supplements
Trial
1
Treatment
Battery 9 weeks
Description
Lot
Body weight (gms.)
Feed consumption (gms. per gram of body weight)
1 2 3 4 5 6
Control (no methionine added) Control+methionine POM vice i SOM POM vice \ SOM+methionine POM vice all SOM POM vice all SOM+methionine
1,321 1,341 1,306 1,325 1,193 1,210
.49 ,44 .43 .38 ,35
.37
Battery 8 weeks
1 2 3 4 5 6
Control POM vice SOM POM vice SOM+0.4% lysine POM vice SOM+VM Mix+FS POM vice SOM+VM Mix+FS+lysine POM vice SOM+VM Mix+FS+fish sol. blend*
1,047 877 958 1,017 1,033 991
2.29 2.06 1.81 2.23 2.16 2.23
3
Battery 9 weeks
1 2 3 4 5 6
Control Local soybean oil meal (41% protein) FS vice dried whey P O M + F S vice dried whey POM vice i S O M + F S vice dried whey+.2% lysine POM vice SOM+FS vice dried whey+.4% lysine
1,482 1,475 1,523 1,451 1,518 1,488
2.57 2.60 2.54 2.58 2.54 2.54
4
Battery 8 weeks
1 2 3 4 5 6
Control POM vice SOM POM vice i SOM Fish blend f vice Menhaden fish meal POM with fish blend| vice Menhaden fish meal POM vice § SOM with fish blendf
1,247 1,116 1,241 1,239 1,218 1,248
2.31 2.44 2.31 2.34 2.29 2.29
S
Battery 8 weeks
Same Same Same Same Same Same
as as as as as as
trial trial trial trial trial trial
4 4 4 4 4 4
1,175 1,136 1,160 1,180 1,110 1,201
2.21 2.17 2.20 2.25 2.15 2.21
6
Floor 9 weeks
Same as Same as Same as Same as Same as Same as
trial trial trial trial trial trial
4 4 4 4 4 4
1,305 1,193 1,262 1,337 1,187 1,305
76 77 74 77 73 77
POM Peanut oil meal (55% protein). SOM Soybean oil meal (44% protein). VM Mix Vitamin-mineral mix (Dawe's Cloverdale 628). FS Fermentation solubles (Dawe's FS-100). * Fish solubles blend (Dawe's product). t Fish meal-condensed fish solubles blend, 60-40, (New Jersey Menhaden Products, Inc. Hi-Seas fish meal).
fish solubles and the peanut oil meal, as well as the higher vitamin content and perhaps more uniform protein quality. Lysine and methionine appear to be the limiting factors in the large scale use of
peanut oil meal in poultry diets. Fish meal with condensed fish solubles added appears to be a good practical supplementary source of lysine. With methionine as economical as it is, the combined supple-
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of North Dakota on June 2, 2015
2
PEANUT OIL MEAL IN BROILER DIETS
mentation allows for use of high protein peanut oil meal up to one-half the replacement for soybean oil meal in a typical corn-soy diet for starting and growing chicks. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Acknowledgement is made to the Greenwood Products Corporation of Graceville, Florida, for supplying the 55 percent protein peanut oil meal used in this experi-
ment. Also, E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Inc., Wilmington, Delware, supplied the L-lysine monohydrochloride and Dawe's Laboratories, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, supplied the vitamin mixes, fermentation solubles and the fish meal blend used in experiment 2. REFERENCES Altschul, A. M., G. W. Irving, Jr., W. F. Guilhern and H. C. Schaefer, 1948. The nutritive value of peanut cake meal, protein and nonprotein residue for chicks. Poultry Sci. 27: 402-407. Blaylock, L. G., and L. R. Richardson, 1950. Peanut meal, mixtures of soybean and cottonseed and mixtures of soybean and peanut meals as sources of protein for baby chicks. Poultry Sci. 29: 656660. Bryant, R. L., 1931. The use of peanut meal as a source of protein in starting mashes for chicks. Virginia Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 281. Hammond, J. C , 1944. Partial substitutes for soybean meal. Poultry Sci. 23: 78. Heuser, G. F., L. C. Norris and J. McGinnis, 1946. Vegetable protein concentrates fed alone and in combination with soybean oil meal and fish meal as the chief supplementary protein in chick starting rations. Poultry Sci. 25: 130-136. Marvel, J. A., C. W. Carrick, R. E. Roberts and S. M. Hague, 1945. Distiller's dried solubles in chick rations containing corn and vegetable protein supplements. Poultry Sci. 24: 252-258. Tarver, F. R., Jr., and J. C. Driggers, 1958. The use of peanut oil meal and fish meal-fish solubles blend in diets of broilers. 2. The effect upon processing yields, fleshing, pigmentation and fat scores. Poultry Sci. 37: 1112-1116.
NEWS AND NOTES (Continued from page 1099)
BACK ISSUES Wanted G. J. Cottier, Department of Poultry Husbandry, Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn, Alabama. Vol. 1, No. 1, 4 and 6; Vol. 2, No. 3 and 6, Vol. 3, No. 1, S and 6; Vol. 4, No. 1; Vol. 6, No. 1, 2 and 3; Vol. 7, No. 4. Available The Editor, Poultry Science, Department of Nutrition, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ont.,
Canada. Vol. 19, No. 5 and 6; Vol. 21, No. 1; Vol. 25, No. 4; Vol. 28, No. 1 and 4. ERRATUM On page 498, in the May issue of Poultry Science, fourteenth line from the bottom of the page, the statement in the paper entitled "A Survey of Recent Advances in Poultry Physiology," should read: "Immediately before oviposition . . . . " not "Immediately following oviposition . . . . "
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A 55 percent protein peanut oil meal was used to replace one-half and all of the soybean oil meal in a corn-soy diet for chicks. When 0.4 percent L-lysine was added to the diet which was adequate otherwise, particularly in methionine, the peanut oil meal replaced the soybean oil meal with fairly satisfactory results. When fish meal with condensed fish solubles was added to the diet where high protein peanut oil meal was used to replace one-half the soybean oil meal, the results were satisfactory. When the fish meal with condensed fish solubles was present in the diet at a level of 3 percent, fermentation solubles appeared to be a satisfactory replacement for dried whole whey.
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