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Mass spectrometry enhancement
Patents
Patents This is a list of r e c e n t l y p u b l i s h e d p a t e n t s covering d e s i g n s a n d i n v e n t i o n s of r e l e v a n c e to s y n t h e t i c m e m b r a n e technology. Where the s a m e device h a s b e e n p a t e n t e d i n several c o u n t r i e s , we n o r m a l l y give the B r i t i s h p a t e n t n u m b e r . If t h e r e is n o UK p a t e n t , we give the n u m b e r of a n E n g l i s h - l a n g u a g e p a t e n t , ff o n e exists. The p a t e n t s llst is c o m p i l e d from i n t e r n a t i o n a l s o u r c e s b y BHR G r o u p ' s i n f o r m a t i o n service. The facility c a n also b e u s e d to carry out retrospective patent s e a r c h e s - to test the validity, n o v e l t y or i n f r i n g e m e n t of e x i s t i n g p a t e n t s or n e w ideas. BHR Group, Cranfield, Bedford MK43 OAJ, UK, will provide free estimates on request. C o u n t r i e s c a n b e identified b y the code i n f r o n t of the n u m b e r as follows:
US P a t e n t Office Scientific Library 15th a n d E a s t Streets, NW W a s h i n g t o n , DC 20231, USA
w h e r e A is a l i n e a r or p a r a c y c l l c d i r a d i c a l (polymethylene, 1 , 4 - p h e n y l e n e or 4 , 4 ' - b l p h e n y l e n e g r o u p s a r e suggested). C r o s s l l n k e d p o l y m e r s a r e also proposed.
The J a p a n e s e P a t e n t Office 4-3 Kaksumigaseki 3-chome C h i y o d a - k u , Tokyo i 0 0 , J a p a n
Patent number: WO 9 4 1 8 2 6 2 Date: 18 A u g u s t 1994 Inventors: H M C o l q u h o u n , A L Lewis Applicant: North West Water G r o u p PLC
Ylid-linkage polymers
T h e s e m a t e r i a l s are c l a i m e d a s new and useful in separation science: the r a n g e of pore sizes is 10-1000 Angstrom units, making the m a t e r i a l s u s e f u l i n ultrafiltration, nanofiltratlon a n d reverse osmosis. It is s u g g e s t e d t h a t the s e p a r a t i o n m a t e r i a l is u s e d in c o n t a c t with a p o r o u s b a c k i n g layer of a different polymer, to i m p r o v e the m e c h a n i c a l s t r e n g t h properties. The ylid linkage is c o m b i n e d with a strongly electron-withdrawing g r o u p (E i n the f o r m u l a e below, s u g g e s t e d to be a c a r b o n y l or AT A u s t r i a AU A u s t r a l i a s u l p h o n y l group) a n d a BR Brazil BE B e l g i u m heter o a t o m - c o n t a i n l n g r i n g CH S w i t z e r l a n d DD E a s t G e r m a n y s y s t e m to give the p o l y m e r its DE West G e r m a n y DK D e n m a r k distinctive properties. In m o s t EP E u r o p e a n P a t e n t s ES S p a i n p r a c t i c a l p o l y m e r s the r i n g FR F r a n c e FI F i n l a n d s y s t e m will b e a s u b s t i t u t e d HU H u n g a r y GB B r i t a i n p y r i d i n e system. IR Elre IL Israel IT Italy JP Japan LI L i e c h t e n s t e i n KP North Korea LU L u x e m b o u r g NL N e t h e r l a n d s NO Norway RO R o m a n i a RU R u s s i a US U n i t e d S t a t e s SE S w e d e n WO World P a t e n t %4 SU Soviet U n i o n (Patent T r e a t y Cooperation publication) BHR G r o u p does n o t o p e r a t e a d o c u m e n t delivery service for p a t e n t s , b u t full copies of the original p a t e n t d o c u m e n t s c a n be o b t a i n e d from the following addresses: The British L i b r a r y P a t e n t E x p r e s s 25 S o u t h a m p t o n B u i l d i n g s L o n d o n WC2A lAW, UK Fax: 0171 323 7 2 3 0 (The B r i t i s h Library will also s u p p l y a list of UK l i b r a r i e s i n c l u d e d i n the P a t e n t I n f o r m a t i o n Network.)
Mass spectrometry enhancement Most m e m b r a n e p r o c e s s e s o p e r a t e In s t e a d y - s t a t e c o n d i t i o n s , w h e r e the c o n c e n t r a t i o n s of the c o m p o u n d s to be s e p a r a t e d are In s t a b l e ratios, c o n s i d e r i n g one side of the m e m b r a n e a g a i n s t the other. I n t h i s p r o c e s s a d v a n t a g e is t a k e n of the d y n a m i c f u n c t i o n of the differences i n r e s p e c t l v e s r a t e s of a t t a i n m e n t of a n d d e c l i n a t i o n from s t e a d y - s t a t e m e m b r a n e permeation. The trick is i n t i m i n g the d u r a t i o n of collection so t h a t the f a s t e r - p e r m e a t i n g c o m p o n e n t is collected before its slower-permeating companion h a s c a u g h t up. The t e c h n i q u e ls g e n e r a l l y applicable, b u t h a s p a r t i c u l a r v a l u e w h e n a p p l i e d to m a s s spectrometry. Small v o l u m e s of a d e s i r e d c o m p o u n d are difficult to c o n c e n t r a t e i n steady-state processes.
Patent number: US 5 3 5 4 4 7 4 Date: 11 O c t o b e r 1994 Inventors: M A LaPack, P F D u p u l s Applicant: Dow C h e m i c a l Co.
E-P o l y m e r s are c h a r a c t e r i s e d b y the d e t e c t i o n of u n i t s of the general formula
-
+
÷
-
E -A-E \ f'i
10
M e m b r a n e T e c h n o l o g y No. 61
Patents This is a list of r e c e n t l y p u b l i s h e d p a t e n t s covering d e s i g n s a n d i n v e n t i o n s of r e l e v a n c e to s y n t h e t i c m e m b r a n e technology. Where the s a m e device h a s b e e n p a t e n t e d i n several c o u n t r i e s , we n o r m a l l y give the B r i t i s h p a t e n t n u m b e r . If t h e r e is n o UK p a t e n t , we give the n u m b e r of a n E n g l i s h - l a n g u a g e p a t e n t , ff o n e exists. The p a t e n t s llst is c o m p i l e d from i n t e r n a t i o n a l s o u r c e s b y BHR G r o u p ' s i n f o r m a t i o n service. The facility c a n also b e u s e d to carry out retrospective patent s e a r c h e s - to test the validity, n o v e l t y or i n f r i n g e m e n t of e x i s t i n g p a t e n t s or n e w ideas. BHR Group, Cranfield, Bedford MK43 OAJ, UK, will provide free estimates on request. C o u n t r i e s c a n b e identified b y the code i n f r o n t of the n u m b e r as follows:
US P a t e n t Office Scientific Library 15th a n d E a s t Streets, NW W a s h i n g t o n , DC 20231, USA
w h e r e A is a l i n e a r or p a r a c y c l l c d i r a d i c a l (polymethylene, 1 , 4 - p h e n y l e n e or 4 , 4 ' - b l p h e n y l e n e g r o u p s a r e suggested). C r o s s l l n k e d p o l y m e r s a r e also proposed.
The J a p a n e s e P a t e n t Office 4-3 Kaksumigaseki 3-chome C h i y o d a - k u , Tokyo i 0 0 , J a p a n
Patent number: WO 9 4 1 8 2 6 2 Date: 18 A u g u s t 1994 Inventors: H M C o l q u h o u n , A L Lewis Applicant: North West Water G r o u p PLC
Ylid-linkage polymers
T h e s e m a t e r i a l s are c l a i m e d a s new and useful in separation science: the r a n g e of pore sizes is 10-1000 Angstrom units, making the m a t e r i a l s u s e f u l i n ultrafiltration, nanofiltratlon a n d reverse osmosis. It is s u g g e s t e d t h a t the s e p a r a t i o n m a t e r i a l is u s e d in c o n t a c t with a p o r o u s b a c k i n g layer of a different polymer, to i m p r o v e the m e c h a n i c a l s t r e n g t h properties. The ylid linkage is c o m b i n e d with a strongly electron-withdrawing g r o u p (E i n the f o r m u l a e below, s u g g e s t e d to be a c a r b o n y l or AT A u s t r i a AU A u s t r a l i a s u l p h o n y l group) a n d a BR Brazil BE B e l g i u m heter o a t o m - c o n t a i n l n g r i n g CH S w i t z e r l a n d DD E a s t G e r m a n y s y s t e m to give the p o l y m e r its DE West G e r m a n y DK D e n m a r k distinctive properties. In m o s t EP E u r o p e a n P a t e n t s ES S p a i n p r a c t i c a l p o l y m e r s the r i n g FR F r a n c e FI F i n l a n d s y s t e m will b e a s u b s t i t u t e d HU H u n g a r y GB B r i t a i n p y r i d i n e system. IR Elre IL Israel IT Italy JP Japan LI L i e c h t e n s t e i n KP North Korea LU L u x e m b o u r g NL N e t h e r l a n d s NO Norway RO R o m a n i a RU R u s s i a US U n i t e d S t a t e s SE S w e d e n WO World P a t e n t %4 SU Soviet U n i o n (Patent T r e a t y Cooperation publication) BHR G r o u p does n o t o p e r a t e a d o c u m e n t delivery service for p a t e n t s , b u t full copies of the original p a t e n t d o c u m e n t s c a n be o b t a i n e d from the following addresses: The British L i b r a r y P a t e n t E x p r e s s 25 S o u t h a m p t o n B u i l d i n g s L o n d o n WC2A lAW, UK Fax: 0171 323 7 2 3 0 (The B r i t i s h Library will also s u p p l y a list of UK l i b r a r i e s i n c l u d e d i n the P a t e n t I n f o r m a t i o n Network.)
Mass spectrometry enhancement Most m e m b r a n e p r o c e s s e s o p e r a t e In s t e a d y - s t a t e c o n d i t i o n s , w h e r e the c o n c e n t r a t i o n s of the c o m p o u n d s to be s e p a r a t e d are In s t a b l e ratios, c o n s i d e r i n g one side of the m e m b r a n e a g a i n s t the other. I n t h i s p r o c e s s a d v a n t a g e is t a k e n of the d y n a m i c f u n c t i o n of the differences i n r e s p e c t l v e s r a t e s of a t t a i n m e n t of a n d d e c l i n a t i o n from s t e a d y - s t a t e m e m b r a n e permeation. The trick is i n t i m i n g the d u r a t i o n of collection so t h a t the f a s t e r - p e r m e a t i n g c o m p o n e n t is collected before its slower-permeating companion h a s c a u g h t up. The t e c h n i q u e ls g e n e r a l l y applicable, b u t h a s p a r t i c u l a r v a l u e w h e n a p p l i e d to m a s s spectrometry. Small v o l u m e s of a d e s i r e d c o m p o u n d are difficult to c o n c e n t r a t e i n steady-state processes.
Patent number: US 5 3 5 4 4 7 4 Date: 11 O c t o b e r 1994 Inventors: M A LaPack, P F D u p u l s Applicant: Dow C h e m i c a l Co.
E-P o l y m e r s are c h a r a c t e r i s e d b y the d e t e c t i o n of u n i t s of the general formula
-
+
÷
-
E -A-E \ f'i
10
M e m b r a n e T e c h n o l o g y No. 61