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Modern design for tunnel lining
88A ground reaction curve calculations
853183 RETC offered diverse program in tunneling and excavating technology Oehler, J R Min Engng V35, N8, Aug 1983, Pl153-1156 Some of the new developments described at the 1983 Rapid Excavating and Tunneling Conference. Chicago, USA are reviewed Subjects briefly covered include water jet technology in rock cutting, research into mechanical excavation, freeze shaft sinking, big hole dnlhng, and developments in machinery
853184 Arch breakout tests miners' skill Wmney, M New Civ Engr 22 Nov 1984, P22-23,25 Three railway tunnels in Hungary are undergoing upward enlargement After excavation, a 150mm shotcrete lining Is to be apphed, which is calculated to support more than 50m of overburden
853185 Gaskets seal up Shelfleld sewer Montague, S New Civ Engr 13 Dec 1984, P16-17 Progress on the Don Valley Tunnel, Sheffield, UK, continues, aided by neoprene rubber gaskets, sealing concrete lining segments and successfully overcoming the watertightness problems Primary and secondary grouting follows to ensure any voids around the outside of the segments are filled Secondary lining is a 150ram thick coating of in situ concrete
853186 Glasgow tunnel saga revealed New Civ Engr 13 Dec 1984, P20-21 In an area where the Glasgow High Street Rail Tunnel passed through a Slit filled glacial valley, debonding of concrete sleepers in the invert allowed silt into the tunnel and led to twisting of the track The tunnel was stabihsed and strengthened by jet grouting Arch settlement problems were solved by underpinning the walls by sinking mini piles and constructing concrete beams to maintain structural integrity between walls and invert
853187 US tunnel rim nears full circle Byrd, T New Civ Engr 17 Jan 1985, P29-31 Progress on the Mount Baker Ridge Tunnel is described The world's largest soft ground tunnel is being constructed by the stacked draft method, from Its perimeter inwards, with a series of 24 small horseshoe shaped tunnels being driven in pairs round its circumference, then filled with concrete to form part of the permanent lining. The tunnel was started from a piled access pit. drifts are driven and filled, then the pit level is raised to provide access to the drifts above Once the 'lining' is complete, excavation of the bore can begin The project has been monitored for settlement, after the initial, non-recurring settlement on driving the first drifts Increased ground pressure due to clay consolidation is now being monitored as this could lead to mcreased rotational force on the horseshoe shaped drifts
853188 Geological mapping is important for tunnelling (In Norwegian) Loset, F Norw Geotech lnst Publ N150, 1984, P2
Geological mapping is an important pre-tunnelhng activity The case study illustrated is that of a tunnel through CambroSilurian sedimentary rocks with different rock units and fault zones
853189 Hydroshield alleviates the pressure on Rome's urban railway drives Wallis, S Tunn Tunnig V16, NIO, Oct 1984, Pl1-16 The use of the Hydroshleld tunnelling machine has enabled the work originally started in 1948 on the Gallerm Aureha tunnel. Rome. Italy. to be near completion
853190 Thessaloniki sewers control Thermaikos pollution Staples. K D Tunn Tunnlg V16, NIO, Oct 1984, P19-21 15km of sewer tunnel has been cut through a terrain of hard limestone, sandy and silty clays, marls and weathered mudstone The lining is timber, reinforced concrete and PVC with a brickwork invert Problems encountered by the use of local labour, unfamiliar with the technology, were soon overcome
853191 Elastic joints for pressure tunnels Schaer, H O Tunn Tunnig V16, NIO, Oct 1984, P25-26 A longitudinal crack in a pressure tunnel was sealed by first machining a prepared groove along the crack then half filhng with quick-set epoxy mortar and finally inserting a thorospan rubber strip, held m place by synthetic resin mortar This method works under wet or dry conditions Other joints are also described
853192 Straight forward for Gibraltar Straits Serrano Herrero. J M Tunn Tunnig VI6, NIO, Oct 1984, P31-33 Various road and rail tunnel options are considered The physical and geological problems are itemtsed and the possibility of building a pilot tunnel, which would later be incorporated into the main system, to provide further information is examined
853 ! 93 Modern design for tunnel lining Sungur. T Tunn Tunnlg VI6, Nil, Nov 1984. P21-22 Bougayeva's method of tunnel lining design, which takes into account interaction between the hnmg and surrounding rock. is considered Maximum bending moments, the resulting stresses, rock loads and maximum values of combined stress are calculated It is suggested that thin walled linings of unremforced concrete (minimum 28 day compressive strength 22 5MN/sq m) may be used. provided suitable tunnel pre-llning preparation is carried out
853194 South Wales spoil stabilisation tunnels in sandstone Sxddle, H J Tunn Tunnig V16, NI2, Dec 1984, Pt7-20 At four spoil heaps in the South Wales Coalfield drainage tunnels have been constructed within sandstone aquifers due to their particular hydrogeological condmons or the need to avoid complete relocation of very large quantities of spoil An account of investigations carried out is presented which leads to the decision to intercept groundwater flow by constructing the tunnels
853183 RETC offered diverse program in tunneling and excavating technology Oehler, J R Min Engng V35, N8, Aug 1983, Pl153-1156 Some of the new developments described at the 1983 Rapid Excavating and Tunneling Conference. Chicago, USA are reviewed Subjects briefly covered include water jet technology in rock cutting, research into mechanical excavation, freeze shaft sinking, big hole dnlhng, and developments in machinery
853184 Arch breakout tests miners' skill Wmney, M New Civ Engr 22 Nov 1984, P22-23,25 Three railway tunnels in Hungary are undergoing upward enlargement After excavation, a 150mm shotcrete lining Is to be apphed, which is calculated to support more than 50m of overburden
853185 Gaskets seal up Shelfleld sewer Montague, S New Civ Engr 13 Dec 1984, P16-17 Progress on the Don Valley Tunnel, Sheffield, UK, continues, aided by neoprene rubber gaskets, sealing concrete lining segments and successfully overcoming the watertightness problems Primary and secondary grouting follows to ensure any voids around the outside of the segments are filled Secondary lining is a 150ram thick coating of in situ concrete
853186 Glasgow tunnel saga revealed New Civ Engr 13 Dec 1984, P20-21 In an area where the Glasgow High Street Rail Tunnel passed through a Slit filled glacial valley, debonding of concrete sleepers in the invert allowed silt into the tunnel and led to twisting of the track The tunnel was stabihsed and strengthened by jet grouting Arch settlement problems were solved by underpinning the walls by sinking mini piles and constructing concrete beams to maintain structural integrity between walls and invert
853187 US tunnel rim nears full circle Byrd, T New Civ Engr 17 Jan 1985, P29-31 Progress on the Mount Baker Ridge Tunnel is described The world's largest soft ground tunnel is being constructed by the stacked draft method, from Its perimeter inwards, with a series of 24 small horseshoe shaped tunnels being driven in pairs round its circumference, then filled with concrete to form part of the permanent lining. The tunnel was started from a piled access pit. drifts are driven and filled, then the pit level is raised to provide access to the drifts above Once the 'lining' is complete, excavation of the bore can begin The project has been monitored for settlement, after the initial, non-recurring settlement on driving the first drifts Increased ground pressure due to clay consolidation is now being monitored as this could lead to mcreased rotational force on the horseshoe shaped drifts
853188 Geological mapping is important for tunnelling (In Norwegian) Loset, F Norw Geotech lnst Publ N150, 1984, P2
Geological mapping is an important pre-tunnelhng activity The case study illustrated is that of a tunnel through CambroSilurian sedimentary rocks with different rock units and fault zones
853189 Hydroshield alleviates the pressure on Rome's urban railway drives Wallis, S Tunn Tunnig V16, NIO, Oct 1984, Pl1-16 The use of the Hydroshleld tunnelling machine has enabled the work originally started in 1948 on the Gallerm Aureha tunnel. Rome. Italy. to be near completion
853190 Thessaloniki sewers control Thermaikos pollution Staples. K D Tunn Tunnlg V16, NIO, Oct 1984, P19-21 15km of sewer tunnel has been cut through a terrain of hard limestone, sandy and silty clays, marls and weathered mudstone The lining is timber, reinforced concrete and PVC with a brickwork invert Problems encountered by the use of local labour, unfamiliar with the technology, were soon overcome
853191 Elastic joints for pressure tunnels Schaer, H O Tunn Tunnig V16, NIO, Oct 1984, P25-26 A longitudinal crack in a pressure tunnel was sealed by first machining a prepared groove along the crack then half filhng with quick-set epoxy mortar and finally inserting a thorospan rubber strip, held m place by synthetic resin mortar This method works under wet or dry conditions Other joints are also described
853192 Straight forward for Gibraltar Straits Serrano Herrero. J M Tunn Tunnig VI6, NIO, Oct 1984, P31-33 Various road and rail tunnel options are considered The physical and geological problems are itemtsed and the possibility of building a pilot tunnel, which would later be incorporated into the main system, to provide further information is examined
853 ! 93 Modern design for tunnel lining Sungur. T Tunn Tunnlg VI6, Nil, Nov 1984. P21-22 Bougayeva's method of tunnel lining design, which takes into account interaction between the hnmg and surrounding rock. is considered Maximum bending moments, the resulting stresses, rock loads and maximum values of combined stress are calculated It is suggested that thin walled linings of unremforced concrete (minimum 28 day compressive strength 22 5MN/sq m) may be used. provided suitable tunnel pre-llning preparation is carried out
853194 South Wales spoil stabilisation tunnels in sandstone Sxddle, H J Tunn Tunnig V16, NI2, Dec 1984, Pt7-20 At four spoil heaps in the South Wales Coalfield drainage tunnels have been constructed within sandstone aquifers due to their particular hydrogeological condmons or the need to avoid complete relocation of very large quantities of spoil An account of investigations carried out is presented which leads to the decision to intercept groundwater flow by constructing the tunnels