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158
PUBLIC
The justices, notwithstanding this evidence, convicted, and the Court of Quarter Sessions confirmed the conviction. T h e King's Bench Division allowed the appeal. ALVERSTONE,L.C.J., said that they had power to draw any inference of fact which might have been drawn by the Court of Quarter Sessions and give any judgment that Court ought to have given. H e thought the justices had not directed their minds to the real question--namely, whether the appellants had reason to believe the warranty was true. H e thought the true inference from the facts proved was that the appellants had reason to believe in the truth of the warranty, and that,the conviction ought to be quashed. HAMILTON,J., concurred, and pointed out that satisfaction meant legal satisfaction, and that the justices must direct their minds to the question as to whether there was reason to believe the warranty true. They had been misled by the contentions of the respondents, which were not directed mainly to this point. H e thought that the appellants had proved that they believed in the truth of the warranty. BANKES, J., also concurred.
MEAT UNFIT FOR FOOD--]~UTCHER SENT TO
PI~tSON.--At Smethwick, on December 4th, Benjamin Idiens, of Smethwick, and T h o m a s Allen, of West Bromwich, were charged by the corporation with using a slaughter-house that was unlicensed ; also with depositing there a diseased carcass of a cow and one of a sheep on September 7th. The prosecution alleged that the carcasses of th~ cow and the sheep were unfit for human food. Information came to the knowledge of Inspector Files that in the coach-h0use at Galton House, Roebuck Lane, Smethwick, there was some meat that was open to suspicion. T h e inspector and an assistant went to the place and saw the carcasses hanging up, dressed in such a way as in his opinion clearly showed that they were intended for h u m a n food. The carcass of the cow was very emaciated, and he was convinced that there was something wrong with it. Dr. Jackson, the medical officer of health, was called in, and he condemned the meat, which was destroyed. T h e coach-house was used as a slaughter-house without the knowledge or consent of the owner, who was away on a holiday at the time. The cows were taken to the place by Idiens early in the morning, and slaughtered in the dark. This man was a butcher, but he had no shop, and he and his wife frequently late at night went about selling the meat to people at their houses at low prices. Police-constable Draper said that when at the police-station he heard Idiens say that he bought the two cows from Bromsgrove, and gave ~ 3 17s.'6d" for them, while the sheep cost him Is. 6d. Idiens was sentenced to two months' imprisonment in regard to the cow and the sheep, the sentences to run consecutively. T h e charge of using an unlicensed slaughter-house was withdrawn. The charges against Allen were dismissed.
HEALTH.
JANUARY,
RECENT
PUBLIC HEALTH LITERATURE.
Beri-Beri. F R A S E R (H.) and A. T. S T A N T O N . The etiology of beri-beri. Journ. of Tr@. Med., 1911 , xiv, 3 3 3 . - - S T A N T O N (A. T.). The etiology of beri-beri. Journ. of Tr@. Med., 191 I, xiv, 349.
Bread. L E S L I E (R. M.). T h e chemistry and nutritive value of bread. Journ. Roy. fnst. Pub. Health, 1911, xix, 682.
Cats, Epidemic among. M ' G O W A N (J. P.). On an epidemic among cats, supervening on and simulating distemper.
Journ. of Pathol. and Bavteriol., 191 i, xvi, 257. Children, Care of. H O A G (W. B.). Prophylaxis during childhood. Arch. of Pediatrics., 1911, xxviii, 925.-PATTERSON (A. M.). T h e child as an asset to the nation. Pediatrics, I911, xxiii, 642. B L I E M (M. J.). Welfare of the child from the eugenic standpoint. Pediatrics, N.Y., 1911 , xxiii, 5 8 6 . - - M A R R I S (Miss I.). L a c k of discipline among'children and its relation to public health. Journ. Roy. fnst. Pub. Health, 191i , xix, 6 I b . - - S O U T H W O R T H (T. S.). T h e Institutional care of young infants. Journ. Amer. Med, Assoc., 191 I, lvii, 1443. - - S T R A U S S (N.). Protection of child life. Pacific Med. Journ., 1911, liv, 614.
Cholera. M c L A U G H L A N (A,J.). The bacteriological examination of stools as a measure of quarantine protection against Asiatic cholera. Boston M. 6" S. youru., 1911, clxv, 561.
Copenhagen Institution. M c M A R T R E E (D. C.). T h e Copenhagen Institution for cripples. Its history, work and results. Boston M. 6. S. Journ., I911, clxv, 794.
Diarrh0~a. F O R S Y T H (R. L.). logical investigation
A clinical and bacterioof infantile diarrhoea. Austral. Med. Journ., 1911, i, 142.
Diphtheria. ARKWRIGHT (J. A.). Variations in the virulence of different strains of bacillus diphtheri~e. Journ. of Hygiene, 191I, xi, 4 o 9 - F O R D (W. W.). T h e recent epidemic of diphtheria in the Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical School : General procedures adopted. Bull. [ohns H@kins Hosp., I g z I , xxii, 357. B A L F O U R (A.). Diphtheria in the Soudan. Wellcome Research Laboratories, Khartoum. Repts., x9II, iv, 239.
PUBLIC
The justices, notwithstanding this evidence, convicted, and the Court of Quarter Sessions confirmed the conviction. T h e King's Bench Division allowed the appeal. ALVERSTONE,L.C.J., said that they had power to draw any inference of fact which might have been drawn by the Court of Quarter Sessions and give any judgment that Court ought to have given. H e thought the justices had not directed their minds to the real question--namely, whether the appellants had reason to believe the warranty was true. H e thought the true inference from the facts proved was that the appellants had reason to believe in the truth of the warranty, and that,the conviction ought to be quashed. HAMILTON,J., concurred, and pointed out that satisfaction meant legal satisfaction, and that the justices must direct their minds to the question as to whether there was reason to believe the warranty true. They had been misled by the contentions of the respondents, which were not directed mainly to this point. H e thought that the appellants had proved that they believed in the truth of the warranty. BANKES, J., also concurred.
MEAT UNFIT FOR FOOD--]~UTCHER SENT TO
PI~tSON.--At Smethwick, on December 4th, Benjamin Idiens, of Smethwick, and T h o m a s Allen, of West Bromwich, were charged by the corporation with using a slaughter-house that was unlicensed ; also with depositing there a diseased carcass of a cow and one of a sheep on September 7th. The prosecution alleged that the carcasses of th~ cow and the sheep were unfit for human food. Information came to the knowledge of Inspector Files that in the coach-h0use at Galton House, Roebuck Lane, Smethwick, there was some meat that was open to suspicion. T h e inspector and an assistant went to the place and saw the carcasses hanging up, dressed in such a way as in his opinion clearly showed that they were intended for h u m a n food. The carcass of the cow was very emaciated, and he was convinced that there was something wrong with it. Dr. Jackson, the medical officer of health, was called in, and he condemned the meat, which was destroyed. T h e coach-house was used as a slaughter-house without the knowledge or consent of the owner, who was away on a holiday at the time. The cows were taken to the place by Idiens early in the morning, and slaughtered in the dark. This man was a butcher, but he had no shop, and he and his wife frequently late at night went about selling the meat to people at their houses at low prices. Police-constable Draper said that when at the police-station he heard Idiens say that he bought the two cows from Bromsgrove, and gave ~ 3 17s.'6d" for them, while the sheep cost him Is. 6d. Idiens was sentenced to two months' imprisonment in regard to the cow and the sheep, the sentences to run consecutively. T h e charge of using an unlicensed slaughter-house was withdrawn. The charges against Allen were dismissed.
HEALTH.
JANUARY,
RECENT
PUBLIC HEALTH LITERATURE.
Beri-Beri. F R A S E R (H.) and A. T. S T A N T O N . The etiology of beri-beri. Journ. of Tr@. Med., 1911 , xiv, 3 3 3 . - - S T A N T O N (A. T.). The etiology of beri-beri. Journ. of Tr@. Med., 191 I, xiv, 349.
Bread. L E S L I E (R. M.). T h e chemistry and nutritive value of bread. Journ. Roy. fnst. Pub. Health, 1911, xix, 682.
Cats, Epidemic among. M ' G O W A N (J. P.). On an epidemic among cats, supervening on and simulating distemper.
Journ. of Pathol. and Bavteriol., 191 i, xvi, 257. Children, Care of. H O A G (W. B.). Prophylaxis during childhood. Arch. of Pediatrics., 1911, xxviii, 925.-PATTERSON (A. M.). T h e child as an asset to the nation. Pediatrics, I911, xxiii, 642. B L I E M (M. J.). Welfare of the child from the eugenic standpoint. Pediatrics, N.Y., 1911 , xxiii, 5 8 6 . - - M A R R I S (Miss I.). L a c k of discipline among'children and its relation to public health. Journ. Roy. fnst. Pub. Health, 191i , xix, 6 I b . - - S O U T H W O R T H (T. S.). T h e Institutional care of young infants. Journ. Amer. Med, Assoc., 191 I, lvii, 1443. - - S T R A U S S (N.). Protection of child life. Pacific Med. Journ., 1911, liv, 614.
Cholera. M c L A U G H L A N (A,J.). The bacteriological examination of stools as a measure of quarantine protection against Asiatic cholera. Boston M. 6" S. youru., 1911, clxv, 561.
Copenhagen Institution. M c M A R T R E E (D. C.). T h e Copenhagen Institution for cripples. Its history, work and results. Boston M. 6. S. Journ., I911, clxv, 794.
Diarrh0~a. F O R S Y T H (R. L.). logical investigation
A clinical and bacterioof infantile diarrhoea. Austral. Med. Journ., 1911, i, 142.
Diphtheria. ARKWRIGHT (J. A.). Variations in the virulence of different strains of bacillus diphtheri~e. Journ. of Hygiene, 191I, xi, 4 o 9 - F O R D (W. W.). T h e recent epidemic of diphtheria in the Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical School : General procedures adopted. Bull. [ohns H@kins Hosp., I g z I , xxii, 357. B A L F O U R (A.). Diphtheria in the Soudan. Wellcome Research Laboratories, Khartoum. Repts., x9II, iv, 239.