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Tunnels — driving
38A
U N D E R G R O U N D EXCAVATIONS:TUNNELS
The shaft was a temporary structure used for the driving of all tunnels from a single intermediate working point; after these works, it was used to house the permanent ventilation and pumping equipment. This paper describes the shaft and its construction. Marshalling chambers were enlarged sections of tunnels allowing the assembly of TBMs and back-ups and then the manoeuvring of service trains during tunnel drives. The paper describes their construction method, which had to be adapted according to the terrain encountered. (Authors)
Thanks to the surveyors and to the accuracy of the instruments, the tunnelling machines, which began 38 km from each other, met face to face with a deviation of 358 mm in plan and 58 mm in elevation. The paper describes the difficulties encountered in working out a common reference system for the British and the French. Measurements were carried out by means of American satellites, gyrotheodolites and with the use of computer systems. Measurement accuracy was particularly remarkable if one considers the rugged conditions on a civil engineering site which is also underground. (Authors)
951277 Tunnels - the equipment of the shaft and marshalling chambers H. Barthes & 12 others, Proceedings - ICE: Civil Engineering the Channel Tunnel, Part 3, 1994, pp 39-43. -
As the shaft was the only means of access to the working faces of the tunnels, its equipment was of great importance. This paper reviews the general design of equipment of the shaft and marshalling chambers and distinguishes the works carried out on the surface from those down below. The equipment required for the complex organization of train traffic in the marshalling chambers is dealt with in detail. (Authors) 951278
951282 Tunnels - special works
H. Barthes & 12 others, Proceedings- ICE: Civil Engineering the Channel Tunnel, Part 3, 1994, pp 63-75. -
In this paper, the special works to tunnels are considered: the transverse passages, the pumping station and the railway crossover. The transverse passage are of two types: crosspassages proper and piston relief ducts which allow the exchange of air masses. The paper describes how both were constructed. The pumping station, designed to dewater the tunnels, was of conventional design; the paper deals essentially with the civil engineering of this structure. The railway crossover allows the linking of the north and south lines in a cylindrical structure of constant section. (Authors)
Tunnels - driving
H. Barthes & 12 others, Proceedings - ICE: Civil Engineering - the Channel Tunnel, Part 3, 1994, pp 44-47. The paper makes a clear distinction between the two driving methods used in the tunnelling process; the open mode and the closed mode, the first being theoretically faster but slowed in practice by the spoil handfing and disposal capacity. The tunnelling machines, of complex design, mobilized a large amount of computer-controlled and automatic equipment, also described in this paper. (Authors) 951279 Tunnels - the fining
H. Barthes & 12 others, Proceedings - ICE: Civil Engineering the Channel Tunnel, Part 3, 1994, pp 48-51. -
As the alignment of the tunnel is not straight in the horizontal plane or in the vertical plane, the lining had to be designed to follow the curves. The paper explains how it was possible to use only 12 positions to align the segments. The laser and computer guidance method is described and the importance of mix design and placement of lining segment mortar emphasized. The methods used to solve problems raised by interaction between tunnels, reinforcement of segments, nature of gaskets and bolting are examined. (Authors) 95128O Tunnels - the precasting plant H. Barthes & 12 others, Proceedings - ICE: Civil Engineering - the Channel Tunnel, Part 3, 1994, pp 52-57.
During the peak period, the precasting plant produced 1200 m 3 of concrete per day. This paper begins with a description of the installation, giving an idea of its extent, then looks in detail at its operations and indicates the performance levels achieved. The reinforcement shop and casting shop are described. The stringent quality control procedures, which involved certain difficultiecs in production, handling and storage phases are explained. (Authors) 951281 Tunnels - topography
H. Barthes & 12 others, Proceedings - ICE: Civil Engineering - the Channel Tunnel, Part 3, 1994, pp 58-62.
951283 Tunnels - safety
H. Barthes & 12 others, Proceedings - ICE: Civil Engineering - the Channel Tunnel, Part 3, 1994, pp 76-81. Safety measures at the Channel Tunnel work sites were exceptional. This paper shows how and why safety measures were provided from the outset and discusses the top-downwards organization of safety and the care given to training. It describes the many interventionai levels in addition to the organization and operation of the central control post and safety measures specific to each work site. (Authors) 951284 Tunnels - transport system and fixed equipment H. Barthes & 12 others, Proceedings - ICE: Civil Engineering the Channel Tunnel, Part 3, 1994, pp 88-92. -
The Channel Tunnel is a complete transport system. The paper explains how and why a specific organization was set up, the different aspects of the undertaking to construct the system, its original features and the resources used. In an infrastructure of this type, the fixed equipment in the tunnels as well as at the terminal is of primary importance. This involves the railway tracks, all the electrical networks, the control and communication facilities as well as the ventilation and aerodynamic systems. The paper also describes tunnel drainage, fire-fighting systems and the organization of utility rooms. (Authors) 951285 Storebaelt tunnels: ground treatment of cross passages A. Sloan, Ground Engineering, 27(6), 1994, pp 20-22.
Denmark's twin bored Storebaelt rail tunnels are being connected every 250m by cross passages. Geotechnical and ground treatment aspects of these passages were discussed at a British Geotechnical Society Meeting at the Institution of Civil Engineers on 13 April, 1994. Details of this meeting are reported here. Scheme layout, site investigation, geology, geotechnical properties of the glacial tills, and ground treatment measures and their implementation are described. Unique elements of the ground treatment schemes included the use of dewatering as the primary treatment, and mixing
U N D E R G R O U N D EXCAVATIONS:TUNNELS
The shaft was a temporary structure used for the driving of all tunnels from a single intermediate working point; after these works, it was used to house the permanent ventilation and pumping equipment. This paper describes the shaft and its construction. Marshalling chambers were enlarged sections of tunnels allowing the assembly of TBMs and back-ups and then the manoeuvring of service trains during tunnel drives. The paper describes their construction method, which had to be adapted according to the terrain encountered. (Authors)
Thanks to the surveyors and to the accuracy of the instruments, the tunnelling machines, which began 38 km from each other, met face to face with a deviation of 358 mm in plan and 58 mm in elevation. The paper describes the difficulties encountered in working out a common reference system for the British and the French. Measurements were carried out by means of American satellites, gyrotheodolites and with the use of computer systems. Measurement accuracy was particularly remarkable if one considers the rugged conditions on a civil engineering site which is also underground. (Authors)
951277 Tunnels - the equipment of the shaft and marshalling chambers H. Barthes & 12 others, Proceedings - ICE: Civil Engineering the Channel Tunnel, Part 3, 1994, pp 39-43. -
As the shaft was the only means of access to the working faces of the tunnels, its equipment was of great importance. This paper reviews the general design of equipment of the shaft and marshalling chambers and distinguishes the works carried out on the surface from those down below. The equipment required for the complex organization of train traffic in the marshalling chambers is dealt with in detail. (Authors) 951278
951282 Tunnels - special works
H. Barthes & 12 others, Proceedings- ICE: Civil Engineering the Channel Tunnel, Part 3, 1994, pp 63-75. -
In this paper, the special works to tunnels are considered: the transverse passages, the pumping station and the railway crossover. The transverse passage are of two types: crosspassages proper and piston relief ducts which allow the exchange of air masses. The paper describes how both were constructed. The pumping station, designed to dewater the tunnels, was of conventional design; the paper deals essentially with the civil engineering of this structure. The railway crossover allows the linking of the north and south lines in a cylindrical structure of constant section. (Authors)
Tunnels - driving
H. Barthes & 12 others, Proceedings - ICE: Civil Engineering - the Channel Tunnel, Part 3, 1994, pp 44-47. The paper makes a clear distinction between the two driving methods used in the tunnelling process; the open mode and the closed mode, the first being theoretically faster but slowed in practice by the spoil handfing and disposal capacity. The tunnelling machines, of complex design, mobilized a large amount of computer-controlled and automatic equipment, also described in this paper. (Authors) 951279 Tunnels - the fining
H. Barthes & 12 others, Proceedings - ICE: Civil Engineering the Channel Tunnel, Part 3, 1994, pp 48-51. -
As the alignment of the tunnel is not straight in the horizontal plane or in the vertical plane, the lining had to be designed to follow the curves. The paper explains how it was possible to use only 12 positions to align the segments. The laser and computer guidance method is described and the importance of mix design and placement of lining segment mortar emphasized. The methods used to solve problems raised by interaction between tunnels, reinforcement of segments, nature of gaskets and bolting are examined. (Authors) 95128O Tunnels - the precasting plant H. Barthes & 12 others, Proceedings - ICE: Civil Engineering - the Channel Tunnel, Part 3, 1994, pp 52-57.
During the peak period, the precasting plant produced 1200 m 3 of concrete per day. This paper begins with a description of the installation, giving an idea of its extent, then looks in detail at its operations and indicates the performance levels achieved. The reinforcement shop and casting shop are described. The stringent quality control procedures, which involved certain difficultiecs in production, handling and storage phases are explained. (Authors) 951281 Tunnels - topography
H. Barthes & 12 others, Proceedings - ICE: Civil Engineering - the Channel Tunnel, Part 3, 1994, pp 58-62.
951283 Tunnels - safety
H. Barthes & 12 others, Proceedings - ICE: Civil Engineering - the Channel Tunnel, Part 3, 1994, pp 76-81. Safety measures at the Channel Tunnel work sites were exceptional. This paper shows how and why safety measures were provided from the outset and discusses the top-downwards organization of safety and the care given to training. It describes the many interventionai levels in addition to the organization and operation of the central control post and safety measures specific to each work site. (Authors) 951284 Tunnels - transport system and fixed equipment H. Barthes & 12 others, Proceedings - ICE: Civil Engineering the Channel Tunnel, Part 3, 1994, pp 88-92. -
The Channel Tunnel is a complete transport system. The paper explains how and why a specific organization was set up, the different aspects of the undertaking to construct the system, its original features and the resources used. In an infrastructure of this type, the fixed equipment in the tunnels as well as at the terminal is of primary importance. This involves the railway tracks, all the electrical networks, the control and communication facilities as well as the ventilation and aerodynamic systems. The paper also describes tunnel drainage, fire-fighting systems and the organization of utility rooms. (Authors) 951285 Storebaelt tunnels: ground treatment of cross passages A. Sloan, Ground Engineering, 27(6), 1994, pp 20-22.
Denmark's twin bored Storebaelt rail tunnels are being connected every 250m by cross passages. Geotechnical and ground treatment aspects of these passages were discussed at a British Geotechnical Society Meeting at the Institution of Civil Engineers on 13 April, 1994. Details of this meeting are reported here. Scheme layout, site investigation, geology, geotechnical properties of the glacial tills, and ground treatment measures and their implementation are described. Unique elements of the ground treatment schemes included the use of dewatering as the primary treatment, and mixing